一种机会空时协作网络编码及其性能分析

本文提出了一种机会空时协作网络编码(OST-CNC,opportunistic space-time-coded cooperative network coding),该技术将协作分集技术和网络编码技术有机结合,能够克服无线信道衰落、提高系统资源利用率和网络吞吐.针对间隔两跳的链状网络中进行端到端信息交换的情形,分析了OST-CNC的中断性能和获取的网络编码增益,结果表明:相对于传统的数据交互策略,机会空时协作网络编码在获得全分集(获得的分集阶数为参与协作的节点数)的同时,也获得了4/3倍的渐近网络编码增益,由于机会路由的形成,OST-CNC的网络编码增益在中低信噪比(SNR)区域更为突出.     

一种基于协作MIMO的Relay-STBC-HARQ策略及其性能分析

在两跳协作通信中,第一跳增益来自接收分集,第二跳主要增益来自协作编码.利用协作中继节点的多天线构成的MIMO系统,构造一种新型的连续STBC编码,VBLAST-STBC混合解码的中继HARQ策略,可以同时有效获得HARQ的时间分集增益以及空时编码的分集增益与复用增益.理论分析与仿真结果表明,Relay-STBC-HARQ策略可以充分挖掘第一跳的分集增益以及第二跳的协作增益,不仅可以获得可靠性覆盖,而且可以在误码率、码率与时延间获得一种弹性平衡.     

基于网络编码的用户协作分集系统性能分析

针对非协作通信和传统协作通信系统不能达到高天线分集增益的问题,提出基于网络编码的用户协作系统模型.研究了基于网络编码不同协作用户的天线分集增益,并分析非协作机制、传统用户协作机制和基于网络编码用户协作机制的中断概率.理论分析和系统仿真表明,基于网络编码的用户协作系统能显著降低系统中断概率,获得更大的分集增益,且协作用户数越多,系统分集度越好.     

大型无线网络中的多跳网络编码

基于网络编码的协作分集技术是目前的无线网络的研究热点。许多研究从理论上证明了它的有效性，但是对于大型网络中网络编码技术的应用的研究涉及较少。采用LDPC码的结构研究了协作分集网络中的网络编码构造，并把它拓展到多跳网络中。这种方法可以根据瞬时的网络拓扑结构形成网络编码，从而适应移动环境下多节点的随机接入，通过获得的网络编码增益提高网络可靠性。     

大型无线网络中的多跳网络编码

基于网络编码的协作分集技术是目前的无线网络的研究热点.许多研究从理论上证明了它的有效性,但是对于大型网络中网络编码技术的应用的研究涉及较少.采用LDPC码的结构研究了协作分集网络中的网络编码构造,并把它拓展到多跳网络中.这种方法可以根据瞬时的网络拓扑结构形成网络编码,从而适应移动环境下多节点的随机接入,通过获得的网络编码增益提高网络可靠性.     

机会式网络编码在分布式协作网络中的应用

协作通信技术是一种新型的空间分集技术,用户节点彼此共享天线,获取分集增益,有效提高系统性能。网络编码能够减小系统中断概率,解决网络拥塞问题,从而提高传输有效性。文章主要研究了机会式网络编码在分布式天线协作通信系统中的应用,分析了其中断概率。结果表明网络编码可以节省时间成本,提高系统吞吐量。其中,当用户和中继之间不存在误码时,网络编码能够减小系统的中断概率;当用户和中继之间存在误码时,机会式网络编码的中断概率最低。     

基于有限域网络编码的中继选择方法

针对采用有限域网络编码的多源多中继协作通信系统,提出一种以极大最小距离可分码作为网络编码的自适应中继选择方法,将网络编码技术与中继选择技术相结合来提高系统的复用增益。通过分析系统的中断概率性能,得到系统的分集复用折中,由此证明自适应中继选择方法能够在保持协作系统获得满分集增益的同时,使得系统的复用增益不低于1/2。仿真结果表明,自适应中继选择方法优于传统的网络编码协作方法。     

增强型编码双向中继方案及中断概率分析

 该文提出了一种基于网络编码和空时协作的增强型双向中继方案。根据系统各节点的反馈,该方案将网络编码和空时协作有机结合,能提高系统资源利用率和网络吞吐量。推导了所提方案及现有的两种双向中继方案的中断概率,并分析了各方案在快衰落和慢衰落信道下的分集增益和网络编码增益。结果表明：相对于其它两种方案,所提方案在快衰落信道下,可获得三阶的分集增益;在慢衰落信道下,也可获得更高的编码增益。最后通过仿真验证了分析结果的正确性。     

非对称协作分集通信中网络编码的应用

该文提出了网络编码在非对称三点协作传输系统中的应用。通过协作分集技术和网络编码技术的联合运用,不但可得到无线通信传输系统的分集增益,也可得到系统的编码增益。该文设计的方案,充分考虑无线通信环境的差异性,利用非对称调制方式,在保证较差通信环境中取得通信可靠性的同时,在较优链路采取较高速率进行传输,利用较优链路传输更多的信息,实现系统资源的充分利用。在方案的具体实现中,通过在中继链路的中继节点加入已知信息实现网络编码,使得系统的译码性能得到增加。仿真结果表明,将网络编码技术应用于非对称协作分集通信中,相对比非协作传输方案可增加分集增益,降低系统的误比特率。跟传统对称传输系统相比,可充分利用系统资源,提升了系统传输容量。     

一种基于分布式空时码的协作MIMO分集复用折衷新方案

协作MIMO通过多个单天线节点的相互协作构造多发射天线,以此形成一种虚拟MIMO多天线阵列获得空间分集增益。考虑到协作MIMO特点,天线间采用分布式空时编码进行编码协作。文章研究了协作MIMO中基于分布式空时码(DSTC)的分集复用折衷(DMT)新方案,该方案通过推导两种DSTC的中断概率与分集增益表达式,结合两类DSTC的DMT策略,根据改变复用增益阈值自适应获得最佳DMT与中断性能。数值仿真表明,所提的DMT策略可以逼近协作MIMO的DMT上限,协作节点采用该策略的中断性能仅次于上限的中断性能。在多节点构成协作MIMO网络分布式空时编码协作中,提出的DMT新方案可使系统高效地获得协作分集增益与中断性能。     

基于信道编码及空时编码级联的两用户协同分集

传统协同分集通过使网络中各单天线用户共享彼此天线,形成虚拟多天线阵列来实现空间分集,使得体积和功耗受限的网络终端也能获得分集增益,然而这并没有将信道编码和空时编码结合起来以使系统得到编码增益。为了能够获得编码增益来进一步改善系统性能,本文提出了一种基于信道编码和分布式空时分组码级联方式下的两用户协同分集方案,并且在准静态的瑞利衰落信道下对系统误码性能进行了理论推导和系统仿真,给出了误比特率的上限解析表达式。在协同用户间信道存在噪声的情况下,我们分别对CRC-DSTBC和CC-DSTBC级联下的发射方案进行了性能分析和系统仿真。仿真结果表明:即使协同用户间的信道存在噪声,本文所提出的协同分集方案与传统协同分集相比,不但获得了分集增益,同时也得到了编码增益,系统误比特率大大降低,从而显著提高了系统性能,并且这也和理论分析相吻合。     

多径衰落信道中导引符号辅助的二维扩频相干解调的性能分析

在多径衰落信道中,本文分析了导引辅助的二维扩频相干解调的误码率性能.提出了信道的时频二维相关区域的概念,给出了信道时频二维信道相关特性的计算方法.结果表明,分析与仿真的误码率相近;当二维扩频的扩频增益对应的时频二维区域大于信道的时频二维相关区域时,再增大扩频增益会导致误码率性能变差.     

Neural network decoding of the block Markov superposition transmission

A neural network (NN)-based decoding algorithm of block Markov superposition transmission (BMST) was researched.The decoders of the basic code with different network structures and representations of training data were implemented using NN.Integrating the NN-based decoder of the basic code in an iterative manner,a sliding window decoding algorithm was presented.To analyze the bit error rate (BER) performance,the genie-aided (GA) lower bounds were presented.The NN-based decoding algorithm of the BMST provides a possible way to apply NN to decode long codes.That means the part of the conventional decoder could be replaced by the NN.Numerical results show that the NN-based decoder of basic code can achieve the BER performance of the maximum likelihood (ML) decoder.For the BMST codes,BER performance of the NN-based decoding algorithm matches well with the GA lower bound and exhibits an extra coding gain.     

Performance Analysis of Rate-Adaptive Modulation with Imperfect Estimation in Space?CTime Coded MIMO System

Based on the imperfect estimation information, the performance analysis of multi-input multi-out (MIMO) systems with rate-adaptive modulation and space?Ctime coding over flat Rayleigh fading channels is presented in this paper. The fading gain value is partitioned into a number of regions by which the modulation is adapted according to the region the fading gain falls in. Under a target bit error rate (BER) and constant power constraint, the fading gain region boundaries are given. By utilizing the minimum mean squared error estimation, the correlation between the channel gains and their estimates, which contributes to imperfect channel information, is evaluated. With this correlation, the probability density function of fading gain is obtained. Based on these results, the closed-form expressions for the SE and average BER are derived in detail, respectively. The theoretical expressions will be more accurate than the existing schemes, and they include perfect estimation as a special case. Numerical results show that the SE and BER of the system with imperfect estimation are worse than those with perfect estimation due to the estimation error. Moreover, the simulation results for SE and BER are in good agreement with the theoretical analysis.     

联合网络编码和中继选择的协作传输方案及其性能分析

研究了Nakagami信道中联合网络编码和双向协作中继选择的中断与平均误码率的性能,基于3个时隙的网络编码方案提出了一种最小化较差用户误码率的协作中继选择策略。在Nakagami信道下,从双向通信的角度,通过理论分析得出其中断概率和平均误码率的解析式和渐近式,同时推导了无协作中继选择时网络编码的中断概率和平均误码率解析式。通过理论分析发现,当Nakagami信道衰落参数降低时,联合网络编码的协作中继选择方案相对于无协作中继选择时的性能增益将逐渐升高。数值仿真实验结果表明,所提策略的平均误码率性能要显著高于无协作中继选择时的网络编码性能。     

Average BER Analysis for Binary Signallings in Decode-and-Forward Dissimilar Cooperative Diversity Networks

In this letter, the average bit-error rate (BER) performance is analyzed for uncoded decode-and-forward (DF) cooperative diversity networks. We consider two typical networks: a single-relay cooperative network with the direct sourcedestination link and a two-relay cooperative network with the direct source-destination link, under dissimilar network settings, i.e., the fading channels of different relay branches may have different variances. We first derive a closed-form approximate average BER expression of binary signallings including noncoherent binary frequency shift keying (BFSK), coherent BFSK, and coherent binary phase shift keying (BPSK), for the singlerelay network. We then generalize our analysis to the two-relay network, and a closed-form approximate average BER expression for binary signallings is derived. We also show that our BER expressions can be considered as generalizations of previously reported results in the literature. Throughout our analysis, only one approximation, so-called the piecewise-linear approximation, is made. Simulation results are in excellent agreement with the theoretical analysis, which validates our proposed BER expressions.     

Power allocation for AF relaying aided spatial modulation in the presence of imperfect channel state information

By combining Spatial modulation (SM) with cooperative communication, the diversity gain brought by cooperative relaying and high rate of SM can be obtained. In this paper, considering amplify-and-forward (AF) protocol, the performance of cooperative SM system with imperfect channel state information (CSI) over Rayleigh channel is analyzed. According to the performance analysis, the moment generating functions (MGFs) of effective signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) are derived. With the MGFs, closed-form expressions of the error probability of antenna index detection and the error probability of symbol detection for imperfect CSI are achieved. Thereby, the approximate overall average bit error ratio (BER) is obtained, and these theoretical expressions include those under perfect CSI as special cases. Besides, the asymptotically approximate BER for large SNR is also derived. Based on this, a suboptimal power allocation (PA) scheme is developed, and the corresponding PA coefficients are attained by minimizing the asymptotical BER. As a result, closed-form PA can be attained for the system with multiple receive antennas. Computer simulations show that the theoretical BERs are close to the corresponding simulated results, which illustrates the effectiveness of the derived theoretical expressions. Compared with the conventional equal PA scheme, the proposed PA scheme enhances the BER performance efficiently.     

DF模式协同通信的节点选择策略研究

在协同网络中,为了解决如何从所有候选协同节点中选择适当的协同节点进行协同通信的问题,提出了一种基于DF模式的协同节点选择策略,即根据即时信道信息来选择最优的协同节点。理论分析和仿真结果证明,该选择策略能够获得良好的性能,且候选节点在不同位置时采用路径取小准则是最优的方案。     

BER analysis of MPSK space-time code with differential detection over correlated block-fading Rayleigh channel

MIMO technology proposed in recent years can effectively combat the multipath fading of wireless channel and can considerably enlarge the channel capacity, which has been investigated widely by researchers. However, its performance analysis over correlated block-fading Rayleigh channel is still an open and challenging objective. In this article, an analytic expression of bit error rate （BER） is presented for multiple phase shift keying （MPSK） space-time code, with differential detection over correlated block-fading Rayleigh channel. Through theoretical analysis of BER, it can be found that the differential space-time scheme without the need for channel state information （CSI） at receiver achieves distinct performance gain compared with the traditional nonspace-time system. And then, the system simulation is complimented to verify the above result, showing that the diversity system based on the differential space-time block coding （DSTBC） outperforms the traditional nonspacetime system with diversity gain in terms of BER. Furthermore, the numerical results also demonstrate that the error floor of the differential space-time system is much lower than that of the differential nonspace-time system.     

Performance failure analysis of EDFA cascades in optical DWDM packet-switched networks

A simple and comprehensive technique to determine the probability that a cascade of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) may be driven into unacceptable regimes of bit error rate (BER) and/or gain levels is presented. This technique allows network designers to determine the tolerances by which the signal power levels may deviate from their predesigned average values and still give acceptable gain variances and BERs at the receiver. We show that even in the signal power range well above the receiver sensitivities (-38 dBm/ch) where the gain spread is not significant, the corresponding spread in BER due to random arrival of packets might result in unacceptable performance. We show for typical levels of operation, the BER temporarily (for about 3 /spl mu/s) deviates to below 10/sup -9/ (10/sup -15/) with a probability of 10/sup -3/ (10/sup -2/), for 100 (64) channels. We show that the gain spread for a single EDFA can be negligible for a range of signal and pump powers at a given average gain.