基于EFDC模型的尾水回用于城市景观水体优化计算

以昆山市内蓬朗污水处理厂深度处理后的尾水回用于城市景观水体夏驾河为例,以环境流体动力学模型(environmental fluid dynamic code,EFDC)构建的夏驾河三维非稳态水量模型为基础,考虑经济、社会、环境等多方面的效益,构建目标函数,研究6种设计情景下尾水回用的综合效益,确定污水处理厂尾水回用的最佳运行方案。结果表明,从经济、社会、环境效益最大化的角度出发,昆山市夏架河尾水回用最优方案为:出水口选为距太仓塘4.5 km处,排水方向为吴淞江,回用流量为3.4万m3/d。尾水回用于景观水体可以有效改善水体交换,蓬朗污水处理厂尾水入河位置及回用量流量直接影响夏驾河换水周期以及夏驾河水质的好坏。     

北京市某别墅区水景工程设计

以北京市某别墅区为例,从景观氧化塘的补水工程、雨污水处理工程、生态绿地土壤水库降雨渗入水净化工程、氧化塘水生态系统构建工程、氧化塘机械补氧系统工程及氧化塘日常维护管理等方面介绍了别墅区水景中的景观氧化塘技术,以期对氧化塘技术在景观设计中的应用提供参考。     

生物塘碎石床湿地系统处理污水厂尾水研究

将生物塘/人工湿地床组合工艺作为处理系统,用于处理城市污水处理厂尾水,介绍了整个试验系统的设计与运行,并对主要污染物的去除效率进行了分析。连续的监测结果表明,该系统对污水处理厂尾水中的TN、TP和NH4+等均有良好的去除效果,系统出水水质可达《城市污水再生利用——景观环境用水水质》,对于水域污染物总量的消减和控制具有重要意义。     

万家寨水利枢纽尾水河道左岸护坡加固改建

万家寨水利枢纽尾水河道左岸护坡受多年长时间、大流量泄洪冲刷影响,导致尾水河道左岸铅丝石笼护坡、浆砌石护坡等护坡结构出现不同程度的开裂、淘空、坍塌,为满足永久工程安全运行要求,对尾水河道左岸护坡进行必要的防护加固及改建处理,文中通过方案对比,确定加固处理方案为贴坡混凝土护坡形式,该方案的实施,保障了河道行洪安全.     

南水北调东线工程沿线污水处理厂尾水处置研究

为确保南水北调东线工程调水水质安全,沿线污水处理厂尾水不允许排入输水干线。要建设尾水排放的安全通道,必须将尾水无害化和资源化利用结合起来;提出了直接排放、深度处理、净化工程三种沿线尾水处置的途径。各地应结合实际情况,联合运用多种技术手段,寻求尾水综合利用的最优方案。     

洱海流域村落污水塘-人工湿地-草滤带复合工艺设计

基于现场调研,进行了云南省大理州大理市湾桥镇向阳溪村落污水处理工程的设计,所选工艺为塘-人工湿地-草滤带复合处理系统,介绍了工程的整体设计情况并作了经济效益分析.设计中考虑了处理系统的景观性与生态效益.     

浅析汀溪水库除险加固工程尾水隧洞坍塌处理方案

该文通过分析厦门市汀溪水库除险加固工程尾水隧洞的坍塌原因,研究提出隧洞坍塌处理方案,确保水库尾水隧洞工程安全、正常施工,尽早发挥应有效益,可供类似工程参考。     

乌东德水电站枢纽布置方案研究

乌东德水电站为金沙江下游梯级开发的第1个梯级,工程规模巨大,电站具有河谷狭窄、岸坡陡峻、洪水峰高量大、河床覆盖层深厚、建坝岩体条件好等特点。通过对大坝、泄洪消能、电站厂房等建筑物自身布置以及相互协调关系的全面研究,提出适合坝址区自然条件的枢纽布置方案为：大坝为混凝土双曲拱坝;坝身布置5个表孔和6个中孔泄洪;右岸电站进水口与大坝间布置两条泄洪洞;坝下采用天然水垫塘消能;两岸地下电站均靠山侧布置;导流洞均靠河侧布置;左岸电站尾水隧洞出口布置于围堰下游,两条尾水隧洞与导流洞结合;右岸电站尾水洞出口布置于围堰上游,尾水洞与导流洞不结合。     

尾水导流工程信息化设计与实施方案

针对尾水导流工程信息化系统设计了自动化和智慧化的控制系统方案,通过自控系统、仪表检测系统、智慧化管控平台的实施,实现尾水导流工程的智能化运行管理.详细介绍了信息化系统的设计和实施方案,通过传输方案比选、仪表设置等,以满足工程的功能和使用要求.     

壬基酚在活性污泥曝气池中的迁移转化行为研究

以实测地形资料和水环境资料为分析研究的依据,采用水流、水质数学模型对余姚城镇污水经处理后,尾水排钱塘江河口的水环境影响进行综合分析评价,推荐优化入江管工程布置方案,可为城市污水尾水河口处置分析研究提供借鉴.     

再生水回用人工景观水体优势藻和水华指示指标的研究

以城市污水处理厂二级出水作为人工景观水体用水,考查了北京5～9月期间藻类的生长情况。研究结果表明,以二级出水作为景观用水的人工水池中,夏季暴发水华的优势藻种类以绿藻为主,主要有小球藻、十字藻、栅藻等,另外还有短时期的裸藻出现,蓝藻一直没有成为优势种属。试验水体的氮磷比为5～15,处于地表水的氮磷比为3～45,可见氮磷比并不是决定水华优势藻的主要因素。对各项指标的监测及分析表明,碳元素的水平才是影响水中优势藻种的关键。试验结果得出水体透明度与藻类生长有明显的相关性,在本试验中当透明度低于0.4m可称已发生水华,可作为水华发生的指示指标。     

生物-生态修复技术在景观污染水体治理中的应用

采用生物治理与生态修复技术对昆山市环城北路景观池塘水体因富营养化、流动性差等引起的黑臭现象进行治理。治理后TN、TP的去除率均超过85%,水质达国家地表水Ⅲ类水标准,水体透明度达1.28 m,生物多样性增加,景观效果显著改善。结果表明,生物-生态修复技术对没有或仅有少量污水排入的受污染景观水体较为适宜。     

Sewage reuse for aquaculture after treatment in oxidation and duckweed pond.

The benefits of treating sewage by pond systems offer, through a simple and low-cost technology, social and commercial benefits, from the waste raw materials. The objective of this work was to demonstrate an effective treatment of the sewage by using natural treatment systems, and use of treated wastewater for aquaculture. The study was conducted for the sewage generated from the IIT Kharagpur campus. After characterization of the sewage, laboratory scale experiments were conducted for treatment using oxidation pond and duckweed pond. Survival and growth of fishes were observed in the experimental ponds using treated sewage. Based on the experimental results, full-scale treatment plant was designed to meet the aquaculture water quality. From the economics of the proposed full-scale plant, and utilization of the treated sewage for aquaculture, it is estimated that, the amount of Rs. 20,0000 can be generated every year. This amount recovered from the aquaculture will be more than the operating cost of the treatment plant, hence, making the operation of sewage treatment plant self sufficient. Use of a UASB reactor as the first stage treatment before sewage passes to the oxidation pond, can be a more attractive alternative because of less land requirement as compared to the oxidation pond alone, and additional land can be made available for aquaculture to increase revenue.     

Integrated advanced natural wastewater treatment system for small communities.

A study was conducted to evaluate the nutrient removal capability of an existing and successfully operated overland flow and wetland wastewater treatment system following a waste stabilization pond. Seasonal temperature effects on performance were also investigated. The treatment system studied consists of a two-cell waste stabilization pond followed by an overland flow system and a wetland system. The influent and effluent samples were analyzed for BOD5, suspended solids (SS), pH, temperature, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, and total phosphorus. The results of the study indicate that the combined pond, overland flow and wetland system provided excellent treatment of municipal wastewater. The overall average BOD5 removal by the entire treatment system was about 90.0% and the overall average suspended solids removal was about 93.4%. The ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus removal efficiencies of the entire treatment system were 90.7% and 84.2%, respectively.     

用氧化塘—浮石床湿地系统处理暖寒季低污染河水

在滇池流域构建氧化塘-浮石床湿地复合系统对暖季与寒季的城市低污染河水开展了净化效能研究。结果表明:该系统可通过小幅调节流量来有效净化暖季与寒季低污染河水。塘与湿地的水力负荷分别为0.22、0.37m3/(m2.d)时系统对暖季低污染河水具有较高的处理效率,各污染物的平均去除率分别为CODCr75%、TP 93%、TN 64%、NH4+-N 87%。塘与湿地的水力负荷分别为0.17、0.29 m3/(m2.d)时系统对寒季低污染河水具有较优的处理效果:各污染物的平均去除率分别为CODCr72%、TP 89%、TN 53%、NH4+-N 73%。系统出水均符合GB18918-2002的一级A排放标准。系统在暖季对低污染河水中污染物的去除速率明显高于寒季。     

干旱区平原水库模拟蒸发量试验研究

干旱区平原水库水面蒸发是平原水库水量损失的重要组成部分,由于水库面积大,采用常规蒸发皿测定的蒸发量与水库实际蒸发量特征不相符。为了准确模拟干旱区平原水库蒸发量,开展了模拟水库的小面积水域蒸发试验,通过水位测针测量蒸发池的蒸发量,并与蒸发皿蒸发量进行比较。试验结果表明,在实际蒸发量中,蒸发池的蒸发量波动较大,蒸发皿蒸发速率比水面蒸发速率高9.1%。蒸发皿蒸发量与水面蒸发量的比值呈现先下降后上升的趋势;蒸发池水面蒸发量主要受到温度、净辐射、风速、饱和水汽压差影响;蒸发皿水体容量小,与蒸发池相比水体热容量较小,因此与大气交换更加快速,受净辐射和气温日较差影响较大。     

背河坑塘水力条件对河道边坡稳定性的影响

靠近渠堤的坑塘是影响和危害河渠工程安全的严重隐患之一。以引江济淮工程中涉及坑塘和膨胀土的某一河道为例,运用GeoStudio软件建立了耦合渗流和稳定性分析的河道边坡计算模型,并对该边坡提出了相应的支护方案,分析了边坡支护前后的抗滑稳定性,并研究了填塘范围、坑塘水深及土体渗透性对边坡渗流和稳定性的影响。研究结果表明:按支护方案进行支护后,各种工况下的渠道边坡稳定性均满足规范要求;填塘处理能够显著降低坑塘渗流在坡面的出溢点高程、减小渗漏单宽流量,进而提升河道边坡的稳定性;不同河道水位工况下,坑塘水深对坑塘水分在边坡内渗流和边坡稳定性的影响均较小;膨胀土渗透系数越低,坑塘渗流在坡面的出溢点高程越低,渗漏单宽流量也越低,安全系数越高,膨胀土渗透性对坑塘水分在边坡内渗流和边坡稳定性的影响均十分显著。研究成果可为类似河道边坡的支护设计、填塘处理提供参考和借鉴。     

Source Choice Perception and Sustainable Rural Water Supply Development: A Case Study of Ban Thadindam,Lopburi, Thailand

Abstract

This study seeks to examine source choice perception and sustainable rural water supply development in Ban Thadindam, a Thai village situated about 220 km north of Bangkok. It makes use of an elementary schematic matrix that was initially developed for the valuation of water sources as perceived by water users in East Africa. In applying the elementary choice scheme, the author interviewed the village Kamnan (district officer) and a few villagers. The results of this study show that a wide range of water supply sources was perceived by the Kamnan. Out of a practical range of six sources, four were perceived and accepted, roof (rain water), river, spring, and pond; and two were perceived but not accepted: well and canal. The reason why well and canal water sources were rejected was because of their hardness and turbidity. Of the four sources accepted, roof (rain water) was rated very favorably as the preferred choice while river, spring, and pond sources were judged equally favorable. Awareness of source choice and the conditions under which choice is made is crucial for the understanding and development of sustainable rural water supply. By adopting a wide combination of sources and integrating them to provide a rich water supply for treatment, and by taking advantage of filtration technology given by the Asian Institute of Technology, Environmental Engineering Division, the villagers, with the help of the Project Managing Committee, transformed the demonstration filtration facility into a sustainable rural water supply system. The latter succeeded not only in providing adequate filtered water for the majority of the households in Ban Thadindam but also in satisfying the water requirements for the whole village for two decades. The success of the rural water supply system has been attributable to many factors, but most important was the awareness the villagers have in the understanding of the interrelations between landscape, range of choice and the interaction between community participation, technology, and environment.     

Treatment of municipal wastewater UASB reactor effluent by unconventional flotation and UV disinfection.

Post-treatment of an UASB reactor effluent, fed with domestic sewage, was conducted using two-stage flotation and UV disinfection. Results were compared to those obtained in a parallel stabilisation pond. The first flotation stage employed 5 - 7.5 mg L(-1) cationic flocculant to separate off more than 99% of the suspended solids. Then, phosphate ions were completely recovered using carrier flotation with 5-25 mg L(-1) of Fe (FeCl3) at pH 6.3-7.0. This staged flotation led to high recoveries of water and allowed us to separate organic matter and phosphate bearing sludge. The water still contained about 1 x 10(2) NMP/100 mL total coliforms, which were removed using UV radiation to below detection levels. Final water turbidity was < 1.0 NTU, COD < 20 mg L(-1) O2 and 71 mNm(-1), the liquid/air interfacial tension. This flotation-UV flowsheet was found to be more efficient than the treatment in the stabilisation pond and appears to have some potential for water reuse. Results were discussed in terms of the biological, chemical and physicochemical mechanisms involved.