枣叶黄酮类成分的分离鉴定及其抗氧化活性研究

对枣叶的乙醇提取物经乙酸乙酯萃取、高效液相色谱反复制备纯化,得到5种化合物。经LC-MS、1H NMR和13C NMR进行鉴定,分别为:槲皮素-3-O-洋槐糖苷（1）、槲皮素-3-O-芸香糖苷（2）、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷（3）、山奈酚-3-O-芸香糖苷（4）、槲皮素-3-O-α-L-阿拉伯糖-（1→2）-α-L-鼠李糖苷（5）。对5种黄酮单体化合物清除ABTS+、DPPH自由基的活性进行了比较,结果表明5种化合物清除ABTS+、DPPH自由基的活性呈现出相同的趋势,其中化合物3表现出最强的活性,化合物1、2、5活性适中,化合物4的活性最低。      

茯砖茶中黄酮类化合物的分离与鉴定

本文采用高速逆流色谱与制备液相联用技术分离茯砖茶中黄酮类化合物。高速逆流色谱以正丁醇/乙酸乙酯/乙腈/0.5%乙酸水=12:2:3:15(V/V)为溶剂体系,将茯砖茶提取物分成7个流分,各流分经制备液相分离,获到19个化合物,利用波谱方法鉴定了15个化合物,均为黄酮类化合物:分别为芹菜素-6,8-二-C-β-D-葡萄糖(1),芹菜素-6-C-α-L-阿拉伯糖-8-C-β-D-葡萄糖(2),芹菜素-7-O-β-D-半乳糖-8-C-β-D-葡萄糖苷(3),槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖-(1-3)-鼠李糖-(1-6)-葡萄糖(4),山奈酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖-(1-3)-α-L-鼠李糖-(1-6)-β-D-葡萄糖苷(5),芹菜素-7-O-α-L-鼠李糖-8-C-β-D-半乳糖(6),芦丁(7),山奈酚-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖(1-6)-β-D-葡萄糖苷(8),Camelliquercetiside A(10),杨梅素3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(12),异牡荆苷(13),牡荆苷(15),槲皮素3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(16),Camelliquercetiside C(17),山奈酚-3-O-β-D-半乳糖苷(18),其中化合物3和6为新黄酮碳苷化合物,化合物1为茶叶中首次发现。     

甜叶菊花和叶中酚类成分分析及含量测定

以高效液相色谱-串联四极杆质谱分析仪,结合质谱分析及比对对照品或文献报道化合物的保留时间和质谱参数,在甜叶菊花和叶中鉴定了16种酚类化合物。建立一种利用高效液相色谱法测定甜叶菊中16种酚类化合物含量的方法,并对甜叶菊一新品种盛花期花和叶中酚类的含量进行测定。结果表明,甜叶菊花和叶中酚酸化合物以新绿原酸、绿原酸、隐绿原酸、异绿原酸B、异绿原酸A、异绿原酸C为主,异绿原酸A含量最高,绿原酸含量次之;花和叶中类黄酮化合物主要为芦丁、槲皮素-7-O-葡萄糖苷、木犀草素-7-O-葡萄糖苷、木犀草素-7-O-芸香糖苷、槲皮素-3-O-木糖苷、槲皮素-3-O-鼠李糖苷、芹菜素-7-O-葡萄糖苷、山奈酚-3-O-阿拉伯糖苷、山奈酚-3-O-鼠李糖苷,槲皮素-3-O-鼠李糖苷含量最高;盛花期甜叶菊花和叶中酚类总量达（22.31±0.51）mg/g和（91.11±2.32）mg/g。     

新疆野生樱桃李(Prunus cerasifera)叶黄酮类成分研究

此项目研究了新疆野生樱桃李叶乙酸乙酯活性部位中的黄酮类化学成分。采用甲醇浸泡提取野生樱桃李叶,依次采用环己烷、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇萃取其醇提物。乙酸乙酯活性部分采用MCI (Middle Chromatogram Isolated Gel)大孔树脂柱粗分离,后续进一步采用硅胶柱、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱,ODS (Octadecyl silane)反向硅胶柱和制备HPLC等色谱技术对其进行分离纯化,并根据化合物理化性质和核磁共振波谱(NMR)数据并与相关参考文献比对鉴定化合物结构。从野生樱桃李叶中共分离并鉴定11个黄酮类化合物,分别为:槲皮素-3-O-α-L-呋喃阿拉伯糖苷(1),槲皮素-3-O-β-D-木糖苷(2),槲皮素-3-O-β-D-半乳糖苷(3),槲皮素-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(4),山柰酚-3-O-α-L-呋喃阿拉伯糖苷(5),山柰酚-3-O-β-D-木糖苷(6),山柰酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(7),山柰酚-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(8),反式-二氢山柰酚-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(9),顺式-二氢山柰酚-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(10),顺式-二氢山柰酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(11)。所有黄酮类成分均为首次从新疆野生樱桃李叶中分离鉴定,槲皮素和山柰酚糖苷是其主要的黄酮类成分。     

月桂叶中黄酮类成分的分析鉴定

利用液相色谱-四级杆-飞行时间串联质谱(LC-Q-TOF-MS),结合标准品比较、保留时间对比、多级质谱碎片和相关文献,鉴定了月桂叶黄酮的化学成分。利用液相-三重四级杆串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)在多反应监控模式(MRM)下,分别测定了黄酮化合物的含量。从我国月桂叶中分离鉴定出了16种黄酮化合物,包括牡荆素鼠李糖苷(1658.53μg/g±56.9)、芦丁(19883.54±494.33μg/g)、牡荆素(4430.87±89.72μg/g)、A-型原花青素三聚体(2281.88±78.90μg/g)、表儿茶素(148.10μg/g±2.32)、山奈酚-3-O-芸香糖苷(3491.02±47.98μg/g)、异鼠李素-3-O-芸香糖苷(6643.78±99.04μg/g)、金丝桃苷(11979.66±317.79μg/g)、山奈酚-7-O-葡萄糖苷(738.55μg/g±10.86)、紫云英苷(508.60μg/g±6.96)、槲皮素-3-O-木糖苷(2044.22μg/g±57.65)、异鼠李素-3-O-葡萄糖苷(2079.94μg/g±76.38)、槲皮苷(2079.94μg/g±61.84)、山奈酚-3-O-鼠李糖苷(6412.37±78.65μg/g)、槲皮素(1629.45μg/g±47.65)和山奈酚(364.29μg/g±2.84)。测定了月桂叶黄酮提取物清除DPPH自由基的能力,结果证明,月桂叶黄酮具有良好的清除自由基能力。     

油菜蜂花粉中黄酮的分离纯化及结构鉴定

研究油菜蜂花粉黄酮的组成,采用乙醇提取,石油醚萃取脱脂和柱层析分离方法对油菜蜂花粉黄酮进行研究,得3个黄酮类化合物,经1 H-NMR、13 C-NMR,分别鉴定出3个黄酮类化合物化学结构为山奈酚-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷、山奈酚-3-O-β-D吡喃葡萄糖基(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷和槲皮素-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷,与HPLC-MS检测结果一致。     

常春油麻藤花黄酮类化合物结构鉴定及抗氧化活性分析

目的:阐明常春油麻藤(Mucuna sempervirens)花中的黄酮类化合物及其抗氧化活性。方法:利用高速逆流色谱、制备型液相色谱等技术进行分离纯化,根据化合物的理化性质和波谱数据进行结构鉴定,并采用DPPH法测定其抗氧化活性。结果:分离得到8个化合物单体,鉴定为矢车菊3-O-6'-O-α-鼠李糖-β-D-葡萄糖苷(cyanidin3-O-6'-O-α-rhamnopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside,I)、矢车菊3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(cyanidin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,II)、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,III)、二氢槲皮素(dihydroquercetin,IV)、山奈酚(kaempferol,V)、异夏佛塔苷(6-C-β-L-arabinopyranosyl-8-C-β-D-glucopyranosyl apigeni,VI)、山奈酚-33-O-α-L-鼠李糖基-(1-6)-β-D-半乳糖苷(kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-...     

响应面法优化水芹黄酮提取工艺及其成分研究

采用水浴加热的方法研究水芹黄酮提取工艺。通过单因素试验分别考察料液比、提取溶剂浓度、加热温度和加热时间对水芹黄酮提取量的影响,确定各因素的适宜水平。在此基础上,利用Design-Expert软件中的Box-Behnken Design设计方法设计四因素三水平的试验方案,通过方差分析回归建立数学模型,确定水芹叶黄酮的最佳提取工艺条件是:料液比1∶25、乙醇体积分数70%、加热时间2.5 h、温度73.76℃。此条件下黄酮的提取量为31.478 mg/g(与预测值32.0041 mg/g接近)。使用相同条件从茎中提取的黄酮量为6.214 mg/g。采用高效液相色谱法分析水芹黄酮成分,结果水芹黄酮主要含芦丁、槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖苷、槲皮素-3-L-鼠李糖苷、槲皮素、山奈酚。     

基于UPLC-MS代谢组学技术的枣果皮黄酮类化合物分析

采用超高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术,结合代谢组学分析方法,研究黄酮类化合物种类及含量与"三变红"枣果实着色间的关系。结果表明"三变红"枣果发育的S1、S2和S3时期,枣皮总黄酮呈由高到低再到高的变化趋势,其含量分别为4.94、0.95、4.45 mg/g(干质量),而与之对应时期的果实则经历了由紫红到绿白再到深红过程,枣皮着色与总黄酮含量表现为明显相关性。利用主成分分析和偏最小二乘法分析发现,3个不同发育期黄酮类化合物组成及含量的分布上具有明显差异。其中,槲皮素3-O-芸香糖苷、甲基槲皮素O-己糖苷、木犀草素O-芥子酰己糖苷、羟甲基黄酮5-O-己糖苷、柚皮素O-丙二酰己糖苷、3,4,5-三羟黄酮O-芸香糖苷、6-C-己糖基-木犀草素O-己糖苷、异牧荆素在S1中远高于S2和S3,它们被鉴定为S1期特征性黄酮类化合物,而矢车菊素O-己糖基、芹菜素O-己糖基-戊糖苷、槲皮素5-O-己糖苷-O-丙二酰己糖苷、金圣草黄素O-葡萄糖醛酸(水杨醇)醚O-二葡萄糖醛酸、金圣草黄素被认为是S3期标志性黄酮类化合物。本研究阐明了枣果发育过程中果皮颜色与黄酮类化合物的内在关系,对揭示"三变红"枣果着色机理具有...     

油菜蜂花粉黄酮体外降糖活性研究

以总黄酮含量为考察指标,利用溶剂萃取和大孔树脂对油菜蜂花粉乙醇提取物进行分离纯化,富集黄酮,然后对不同极性组分进行抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶实验,并利用红外光谱（IR）和液-质联用（LC-MS）对体外降糖活性最高的组分进行化学成分分析。结果表明,黄酮类物质在抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性中起主要作用;AB-8大孔树脂纯化得到的PEFS-3组分总黄酮含量为68.77%,IC50为72.16μg/m L,远小于阿卡波糖的IC50（1124.86μg/m L）,表明其抑制效果强于阿卡波糖;PEFS-3组分中共鉴定出5种主要物质,其中4种为槲皮素-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-（1→2）-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷、山奈酚-3,4’-双-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷、异鼠李素-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-（1→2）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷、山奈酚-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-（1→2）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷,第5种推断为亥茅酚苷或黄烷醇,具体结果还需进一步研究。      

基于UPLC-Orbitrap-HRMS技术的苎麻籽乙醇提取物中主要化学成分分析与鉴定

应用超高效液相色谱-离子阱-超高分辨率质谱技术对苎麻籽乙醇提取物主要化学成分进行了分析与鉴定.高效液相色谱条件为Agilent 5TC-C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)、0.2％甲酸水溶液-乙腈作为流动相梯度洗脱.质谱条件为电喷雾离子源(ESI),离子阱质量分析器(orbitrap),喷雾电压3500...     

不同大孔树脂苦荞黄酮富集品中4种主要黄酮的定量检测

此次试验建立了高效液相色谱同时定量检测不同大孔树脂苦荞麸皮黄酮富集品中芦丁、烟花苷、槲皮素和山柰酚4种黄酮类化合物含量的方法。分别使用ADS-7、AB-8、D101型大孔树脂富集苦荞麸皮黄酮,采用Intersustain C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱,以乙腈和0.2%磷酸水溶液作为梯度洗脱的流动相,流速1.0 mL/min,柱温35℃,检测波长360 nm。结果显示,芦丁、烟花苷、槲皮素和山柰酚分别在25~400,1.25~20,9.375~150和0.625~10μg/mL的浓度范围内线性关系良好,平均回收率分别为99.48%,100.86%,100.93%和102.27%。结果表明,ADS-7型大孔树脂纯化的苦荞麸皮总黄酮含量较AB-8和D101更高,该方法操作方便、准确性高、重复性好。     

荞麦壳提取物有效组分的分离及体外抗糖尿病活性

目的:研究荞麦壳提取物经大孔树脂分离纯化后各组分的体外活性。方法:荞麦壳提取物(buckwheat hull extract,BHE)、一次纯化后获得的精制物(purified buckwheat hull extract,PBHE)、二次纯化后分为的5个组分(BHE-M1、BHE-M2、BHE-M3、BHE-M4、BHE-M5)分别用于测定α-葡萄糖苷酶活力和蛋白质糖基化终末产物(advanced glycation end products,AGEs)抑制率。结果:BHE一次纯化后荞麦壳总黄酮含量从30.8 g/100 g升高到65.3 g/100 g,二次纯化后BHE-M4组分总黄酮含量最高,为89.2 g/100 g。当质量浓度为1.000 mg/m L时各组分的α-葡萄糖苷酶活力抑制率分别为16.03%(BHE)、24.39%(PBHE)、18.04%(BHE-M2)、25.46%(BHE-M3)、28.23%(BHE-M4)、26.24%(BHE-M5),显著高于阳性对照组阿拉伯糖;抗AGEs活性实验结果显示,在葡萄糖-牛血清白蛋白、果糖-牛血清白蛋白体系中除BHE-M1组分外,其余组分活性均高于阳性对照胺基胍,其中BHE-M4组分活性最高;BHE-M4组分的高效液相色谱-质谱联用分析结果显示,BHE-M4中含有的黄酮类化合物可能为山奈酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷或山奈酚-3-O-β-D-半乳糖苷、牡荆素、芦丁、异槲皮苷或金丝桃苷、槲皮苷。结论:荞麦壳提取物经纯化后高黄酮组分的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性以及抗AGEs活性最高,即荞麦壳黄酮是荞麦壳抗糖尿病活性的主要组成成分。     

Biological activities of flavonoids from Nitraria retusa (Forssk.) Asch. and their acylated derivatives

The antioxidant activity and antiproliferative property towards Caco2 cells of water and methanol extracts/fractions of Nitraria retusa were investigated. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the extracts/fractions were determined, and the four major flavonoids were identified as isorhamnetin, isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside and isorhamnetin-3-O-robinobioside. The results showed a relationship between the extracts/fractions activities and their flavonoid contents. Moreover, the chloroform extract which was enriched with the aglycone flavonoid isorhamnetin exhibited the highest activities. The activities of N. retusa flavonoids were compared to those of model flavonoids, quercetin, isoquercitrin and rutin. In all cases, the aglycone compounds were more active than their glycosylated derivatives. Isorhamnetin-based flavonoids presented higher antiproliferative activities than quercetin-based ones, while similar antioxidant properties were observed. The enzymatic acylation of isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside with ethyl laurate and ethyl butyrate enhanced its capacity to inhibit xanthine oxidase and its antiproliferative activity but decreased its radical scavenging activity.     

Identifizierung von Kiwi in Fruchtprodukten mittels HPLC

Zusammenfassung Eine Methode zur Identifizierung von Kiwi in Fruchtprodukten wird beschrieben. Das Flavonoidmuster von Kiwifrüchten aus unterschiedlichen Anbauländern wurde erstmals qualitativ und quantitativ mittels HPLC untersucht. Das charakteristische Flavonoidmuster setzt sich aus Quercetin-3-O-rutinosid, Quercetin-3-O-glucosid, Kämpferol-3-O-rutinosid, Kämpferol-3-O-galaktosid, Quercetin-3-O-rhamnosid und Kämpferol-3-O-rhamnosid zusammen. Ebenfalls erstmalig wurde die zur Fruchtsaftherstellung verwendete Mombinpflaume auf flavonoide Inhaltsstoffe untersucht. Identifiziert wurde lediglich das Hauptflavonoid Quercetin-3-O-rutinosid (Rutin). Die Flavonoide wurden durch Säulenchromatographie an Polyamid isoliert und mittels RP-HPLC (H₂O/Acetonitril-Gradient) getrennt. Die Identifizierung erfolgte über die Aufnahme von UV-Spektren mit Dioden-Array-Detektor und durch Co-Chromatographie. Die Struktur des Kämpferol-3-O-rhamnosids wurde nach präparativer Isolierung mit chemischen, chromatographischen und spektroskopischen Methoden ermittelt.

---

Identification of kiwi in fruit products by HPLC

Summary A method has been developed for the identification of kiwi in fruit products. In different samples of kiwi the flavonoids were examined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with respect to their quality and quantity. In this investigation, kiwi containing quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, kaempferol-3-O-galactoside, quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside, and kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside as flavonoid compounds were analysed. The mombin plum has also been analysed for phenolic compounds for the first time. The mombin is used for producing fruit juice. The major compound of the flavonoids in the above-mentioned fruits is quercetin-3-O-rutinoside. Flavonol glykosides were isolated by column chromatography with polyamide. A RP-HPLC method with gradient elution (solvent A: H₂O; solvent B: acetonitrile) was used for the separation of the flavonol glycosides. Identification was carried out by UV spectra using a diode-array detector. Kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside was isolated using preparative HPLC. The structure was established by chemical, chromatographical and spectroscopical methods.

     

Composition of Capers (Capparis spinosa): Influence of Cultivar, Size and Harvest Date

Average composition values of capers found were as follows: moisture 79%, ash 1.6%, protein 5.8%, fat 1.6%, Ca 871 ppm, Mg 636 ppm, K 542 mg/100mL, Na 226 ppm, Fe 13 ppm, P 21 mg/100g, and raw fibre 5.4%. These values were affected by cultivar, size and harvest date. Of the flavonoids present, rutin, kaempferol-3-glucoside, kaempferol-3-rutinoside and kaempferol-3-rhamnorutinoside were identified and rutin was most abundant. A flavonoid derived from kaempferol and two from quercetin were detected but not identified. More than 50% of the fatty acids in both cultivars were polyunsaturates.     

HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS analysis of flavonoid compounds in 5 seedless table grapes grown in Apulian Region

Flavonoids present in skin extracts of red seedless table grape varieties Summer Royal, Autumn Royal, and Crimson, and white seedless varieties Carati and Thompson were analyzed by HPLC-DAD-MS, in 3 y of study (2006 to 2008). The anthocyanins, delphinidin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, petunidin-3-O-glucoside (with their corresponding p-coumaroyl derivatives), peonidin-3-O-glucoside, and malvidin-3-O-glucoside (with their corresponding acetyl, caffeoyl, and p-coumaroyl derivatives) were found. In addition the flavonols quercetin-3-O-glucuronide, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, kaempferol-3-O-glucoside, kaempferol-3-O-galactoside, and the flavan-3-ols procyanidin B1, procyanidin B2, and catechin were also detected. Anthocyanins were the main flavonoids in red grapes ranging from 24 (Crimson) to 500 (Summer Royal) mg/kg fresh weight of grapes; consistent levels of flavonols and flavan-3-ols were also quantified in all varieties. To determine the effective climatic influence on flavonoids content in field conditions, viticultural practices have been developed, that could exclude the effects of direct solar radiation from confounding the assessment of those related to thermal conditions alone. A strong positive correlation was determined between flavonoids and temperature data that seem to be responsible for the difference of these metabolites along the years; furthermore, it has been possible to define a linear relationship (R(2) = 0.6871, P = 0.0057) between thermal amplitude and total flavonoids values in the red grapes. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Grapes are economically the most important fruit species in the world and approximately 30% of its production is used as fresh fruit. Because of the very important role of flavonoids in food quality as well as their health-promoting properties, and considering that our experiments were performed along 3 consecutive years, gathered results in this research are quite promising to give a useful information on the flavonoid contents and their evolution in 5 seedless table grapes that are widespread in Mediterranean regions but also in California and South America, and are grown in a viticultural climate (Apulia, South Italy) very close to some regions of Spain, Turkey, Tunisia, and Israel.     

元宝枫种仁70%乙醇提取物的化学成分分析

目的:对新资源食品元宝枫种仁中的化学成分进行研究。方法:采用硅胶、聚酰胺、凝胶(Sephadex LH-20)柱色谱及重结晶等技术进行分离纯化,综合运用质谱和波谱学方法鉴定化合物结构。结果:从元宝枫种仁70%乙醇溶液提取物中分离鉴定了12种化合物,分别为二氢去氢二愈创木基醇-4'-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(1)、1,2,3,6-四没食子酰基-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(2)、1,2,3,4,6-五没食子酰基-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(3)、槲皮素(4)、山柰酚-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖苷(5)、槲皮素-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖苷(6)、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(7)、槲皮素-3-O-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷(8)、阿夫儿茶素(9)、儿茶素(10)、表儿茶素(11)、胡萝卜苷(12)。结论:经Sci Finder检索发现,化合物1~12均为首次从元宝枫种仁中分离得到,其中化合物1、2、9~11为首次从槭树属植物中分离得到。