客家娘酒对衰老小鼠免疫功能及抗氧化的影响

目的:研究客家娘酒对D-半乳糖所致亚急性衰老小鼠抗氧化能力及免疫功能的影响。方法:采用腹腔注射D-半乳糖建立亚急性衰老小鼠模型,分别灌胃蒸馏水和不同浓度的黄酒,每天1次,连续灌胃45 d,测定小鼠肝、脑中的超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase,SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(Glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px)活性,丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)含量,血清白细胞介素6(Interleukin-6,IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子α(Tumor necrosis factorα,TNF-α)以及胸腺、脾脏指数。结果:客家娘酒能显著提高衰老小鼠肝脏、脑SOD、GSH-Px活性,降低肝脏、脑中的MDA含量,能显著抑制衰老小鼠胸腺和脾脏指数的下降,显著降低血清IL-6、TNF-α水平。结论:客家娘酒具有增强衰老小鼠抗氧化能力以及调节免疫功能的作用。     

灵芝孢子油对小鼠血清SOD、CAT活性及C3 、P21mRNA表达的影响

目的：探讨灵芝孢子油对D-半乳糖所致衰老模型小鼠抗衰老作用及其作用机理。方法：以D-半乳糖建立小鼠衰老模型,灌胃灵芝孢子油900mg/(kg ·d) 45d后,检测小鼠血清中血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性;检测脾脏指数、胸腺指数;半定量PCR检测脾脏、胸腺中C3、P21 mRNA表达。结果：DB组(D-半乳糖+灵芝孢子油) SOD、CAT的活性显著高于DY组(D-半乳糖+玉米油)(P≤0.01),DB组脾脏指数、胸腺指数显著高于DY组(P≤0.05)。C3mRNA在脾脏、胸腺中的表达DB组显著高于DY组(P≤0.05),C3mRNA在胸腺中的表达SB组(生理盐水+灵芝孢子油)高于SY组(生理盐水＋玉米油)(P≤0.05);P21mRNA在脾脏中的表达DB组低于DY组(P≤0.05),SB组低于SY组(P≤0.05)。结论：灵芝孢子油可提高小鼠脾脏指数、胸腺指数、SOD、CAT活性,具有抗氧化功能;能促进C3mRNA的表达,抑制P21mRNA的表达。     

红树莓花色苷对D-半乳糖衰老模型小鼠的保护作用

为探究红树莓花色苷对D-半乳糖致小鼠衰老的延缓作用。通过小鼠颈背部注射D-半乳糖构建小鼠衰老模型,连续灌胃不同剂量(20、100、500 mg/(kg·d))红树莓花色苷和VC连续8周,测定小鼠胸腺、脾脏、肝脏及肾脏指数;测定血清和肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)活性、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)活性、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px)活性及丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量;检测皮肤SOD、CAT、GSH-Px活性和羟脯氨酸(hydroxyproline,HYP)含量;并取心脏和肾脏做苏木精-伊红染色(hematoxylin-eosinstaining,HE)病理学切片,观察多器官衰老损伤及灌胃给药后改善情况。结果显示:与模型组相比,树莓花色苷中、高剂量组胸腺和脾脏指数显著提高(p 0.05)。红树莓花色苷可以使血清、肝脏及皮肤中SOD、CAT、GSH-Px活性显著提高(p 0.05),MDA含量显著下降(p 0.05),皮肤HYP含量显著提高(p 0.05)。随着各处理组红树莓花色苷含量增加,心肌细胞逐渐接近空白组,心肌细胞排列整齐、细胞核分布均匀、出血状况缓解;肾小球数量增多,肾小囊囊腔有所减小,基底膜接近正常。说明红树莓花色苷对D-半乳糖引起的衰老小鼠有较好的保护作用。     

扇贝抗氧化肽对衰老小鼠体内抗氧化活性研究

目的研究扇贝副产物抗氧化肽对衰老小鼠体内抗氧化活性。方法采用D-半乳糖构建小鼠衰老动物模型,分别以不同性别小鼠肝脏中特征酶超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD),过氧化氢酶(catalase, CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase, GSH-Px)活性及丙二醛(alondialdehyde, MDA)含量为指标,评价扇贝抗氧化肽的体内抗氧化功能。结果与模型组比较,灌胃剂量为0.5 mL/kg的样品组能够显著提高模型小鼠(雌性和雄性)中肝脏中SOD、CAT、GSH-Px等特征酶的活性,并降低MDA含量水平。同时以脾脏指数、胸腺指数、吞噬指数为指标评价扇贝抗氧化肽对小鼠免疫能力的影响。结果显示灌胃剂量为0.50mL/kg和1.0mL/kg的扇贝抗氧化肽能够提高小鼠的脾脏指数、胸腺指数和吞噬指数。结论扇贝抗氧化肽具有良好的增强机体抗氧化功能作用。     

绿原酸咖啡的研制及抗氧化性评价

为提高咖啡的抗氧化性,该研究将绿原酸添加到咖啡中并进行小鼠抗氧化实验,将小鼠随机分成模型组、VC组和高、中、低剂量实验组,采用D-半乳糖灌胃建立氧化应激模型。通过测定小鼠体质量、血常规和肝脏中的丙二醛（malondialdehyde,MDA）含量、超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase,SOD）活性、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px）活性和免疫器官指数。结果表明,组间体质量和血常规中白细胞数无显著性差异（p＞0.05）。绿原酸中剂量组血常规中红细胞血红蛋白（mean corpuscular hemoglobin,MCH）含量、中性粒细胞数（granulocyte,GRA）、胸腺指数、脾脏指数与空白组、阳性对照组相比均无显著性差异（p＞0.05）,与模型对照组、咖啡对照组相比差异显著（p＜0.05）。绿原酸中剂量组与模型对照组相比,其MCH、GRA、肝脏MDA 含量显著降低（p＜0.05）,SOD 活性、GSH-Px 活性、胸腺指数、脾脏指数显著提高（p＜0.05）,结果表明添加绿原酸的咖啡对于D-半乳糖干预所致的小鼠产生的氧化应激损伤具有一定修复作用。     

山楂提取物对D-半乳糖致衰小鼠抗氧化系统的影响

探讨山楂提取物对D-半乳糖致衰小鼠抗氧化系统的影响.选用Babl/C小鼠,在注射D-半乳糖的同时,灌胃低、中、高3种不同剂量的山楂提取物,6周后测定小鼠血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性,以及肝组织中SOD、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性.与衰老模型对照组相比,灌胃山楂提取物中、高剂量组的小鼠血清SOD、肝组织CAT活性显著升高(P<0.01),肝组织SOD、GSH-Px活性也有明显升高(P<0.05).     

刺参内脏蛋白酶解液抗氧化活性研究

采用小鼠D-半乳糖致衰老模型,通过测定小鼠肝脏和心脏中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量,进一步研究了刺参内脏蛋白酶解物酶解物的抗氧化活性。表明灌胃200 mg/kg·d酶解物可明显提高小鼠肝脏和心脏中SOD和GSH-Px活力,并显著降低MDA含量。说明刺参内脏蛋白酶解物在一定程度上能够提高D-半乳糖模型衰老小鼠的抗氧化能力。     

短乳杆菌AR247的抗氧化成分及其抗衰老作用

对短乳杆菌AR247的抗氧化成分及其对D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠的保护作用进行研究。通过分级萃取等试验得知,短乳杆菌AR247的抗氧化成分多为水溶性组分和胞内组分。通过皮下注射D-半乳糖【150 mg/(kg·d)】6周后,建造衰老模型,然后灌胃6周1.0×10^9 CFU/mL(1 mL/100 g)的短乳杆菌AR247。结束后测定血清、肝脏和脑中的抗氧化水平,如过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力和谷胱甘肽(GSH)、丙二醛(MDA)的含量。同时测定小鼠血清中的白介素2(IL-2)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)含量。结果表明:短乳杆菌AR247能延缓D-半乳糖引起的衰老,如恢复体重和脑指数至正常水平,使小鼠的CAT、SOD、GSH-Px活性升高(P<0.05),GSH含量升高(P<0.05),MDA含量降低(P<0.05),其中肝脏MDA含量降至正常的66.13%。与模型组相比,免疫水平提高(P<0.05),IL-2含量提高至正常组的104.50%。短乳杆菌AR247具有抗氧化和延缓衰老作用,其体内抗氧化的作用机制可能与改善机体的抗氧化功能和增强免疫功能有关。     

平贝母多糖对D-半乳糖诱导衰老模型小鼠的抗氧化作用

为了探讨平贝母多糖对D-半乳糖诱导衰老模型小鼠的体内抗氧化作用,采用颈背皮下注射D-半乳糖(500mg/(kg ·d))建立亚急性衰老小鼠模型,通过对各组小鼠一般体征、脏器指数、血清或肝组织抗氧化酶活性及脑组织单胺氧化酶(MAO)活力的比较分析,全面评价平贝母多糖FUP-1的抗氧化衰老作用。结果表明：与模型组相比平贝母多糖FUP-1能显著降低D-半乳糖诱导衰老小鼠肝脏组织中丙二醛(MDA)含量(P＜0.05),提高肝组织中总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、显著提高肝组织中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性和血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性(P＜0.05),同时降低脑组织中MAO活力。提示平贝母多糖FUP-1具有一定的延缓衰老作用,其作用可能与其提高抗氧化酶活性和抗脂质过氧化有关。     

芦笋提取物的抗氧化作用的研究

目的:研究芦笋提取物对氧化应激小鼠抗氧化功能的影响。方法:以D-半乳糖衰老模型小鼠为研究对象,每天经口灌胃芦笋提取物和阳性对照药(VC),连续给予受试物30d后,测定其脂质过氧化水平和抗氧化酶活力。结果:芦笋提取物可以提高氧化应激小鼠血浆和肝脏中GSH、SOD、GSH-PX、T-AOC活性(p<0.05),显著降低其血浆和肝脏中MDA的含量(p<0.05)。结论:芦笋提取物有助于增强氧化应激小鼠的抗氧化能力。     

Binding of mouse and rabbit iron-59 transferrins to lactating mouse mammary epithelial cells.

The binding of mouse and rabbit transferrins to lactating mouse mammary epithelial cells was tested in a 59Fe-protein-binding assay. The homologous and heterologous binding was slow during the first 30 min, after which the uptake steadily increased. In ligand concentration-dependent saturation studies, the heterologous rabbit protein showed a high degree of binding and required approximately 9.7 ng of ligand to saturate approximately 2 x 10(6) cells. The homologous mouse protein demonstrated a low degree of binding and failed to demonstrate saturation at the above ligand concentration. Scatchard plot for homologous binding data was nonlinear and implied a low (1.08 x 10(-10) M) and a high (1.82 x 10(-9) M) affinity interaction mechanism. However, the plot for heterologous binding was linear and characterized by one high affinity (1.0 x 10(-9) M) binding interaction. A total of 11,000 and 19,600 binding sites per cell were estimated for mouse and rabbit proteins, respectively. These data suggest a binding crossreactivity between mouse and rabbit transferrins. A high affinity binding mechanism seems to be conserved in proteins from both species; however, an additional low affinity binding was present only in the homologous system.     

Identification of nobiletin metabolites in mouse urine

Nobiletin, a major component of citrus polymethoxyflavones, has many potential significant health benefits. While the biological activities of nobiletin have been widely reported, its in vitro and in vivo metabolic fate has been rarely studied. To explore the biotransformation mechanism of nobiletin we conducted an investigation into its metabolic profile in mouse urine, by various analytical techniques. Due to sample amount limitations for isolating and characterizing an individual metabolite, two possible nobiletin metabolites were prepared in a similar multi-step organic synthetic route: 3'-hydroxy-5,6,7,8,4'-pentamethoxyflavone (3'-demethylnobiletin) and 4'-hydroxy-5,6,7,8,3'-pentamethoxyflavone (4'-demethylnobiletin). Normal phase (silica gel) and C(18) reverse phase chromatography, as well as liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-mass spectrometry, were employed in the separation of 3'-demethylnobiletin and 4'-demethylnobiletin, however, without success due to the structural similarities of these mono-demethylated nobiletins. Using a chiral packed column eluted under supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) conditions, a clear separation was achieved. Thus, by comparing the SFC profiles of metabolite mixtures with the synthesized standard compounds, the major nobiletin metabolite of mouse urine is identified as 4'-demethylnobiletin, whereas 3'-demethylnobiletin is a minor metabolite. In this study, the concentration of 4'-demethylnobiletin in mouse urine is 28.9 microg/mL.     

Distribution of mitochondria in reconstructed mouse oocytes

It has been suggested that nucleus replacement (transfer) may be used as an efficient oocyte therapy in order to prevent transmission of mutated mitochondrial DNA from mother to offspring in humans. The essential and not yet answered question is how mitochondria surrounding the karyoplast will be distributed in the newly reconstructed oocytes. In our model experiments, we have evaluated the distribution of mitochondria in reconstructed immature mouse oocytes when germinal vesicle karyoplasts, with labeled mitochondria, were fused to unlabeled cytoplasts. The penetration of mitochondria from karyoplasts into cytoplasts can be detected almost immediately after the beginning of fusion. In immature reconstructed oocytes, mitochondria are first located in the oocyte center but they are homogeneously distributed within the whole cytoplasm before the completion of maturation. Fusion of oocytes at different stages of maturation suggests that the speed of mitochondria distribution is cell cycle dependent.     

Mechanism of glycine transport in mouse mammary tissue

The mechanism of glycine transport in lactating mouse mammary gland was investigated. Three Na+-dependent systems of glycine transport, distinguished on the basis of their ionic requirement and sensitivity to 2-(methylamino)isobutyric acid (MeAIB), were A (Na+-dependent, MeAIB-sensitive); (Na++Cl-)-dependent, MeAIB-insensitive; and Na+-dependent, Cl--independent, MeAIB-insensitive. These systems were further distinguished on the basis of inhibition analysis and sensitivity to pH of the extracellular medium and preloading mammary tissue with amino acids. The uptake of glycine via the A system (Km 0.53 mM) was inhibited by preloading mammary tissue with alanine, while glycine uptake mediated by the (Na++Cl-)-dependent, MeAIB-insensitive system (Km 0.47 mM) was downregulated by preloading mammary tissue with all amino acids (alanine, sarcosine and histidine) tested. Treatment of mammary tissue with N-ethylmaleimide inhibited the uptake of glycine via both these systems. Decreasing the pH of the extracellular medium inhibited the uptake of glycine via the A system but not the (Na++Cl-)-dependent, MeAIB-insensitive system. On the basis of ionic requirement, system A appears to comprise two components, one dependent on Na+ plus Cl- and the other on Na+ alone. Insulin upregulated the A system-mediated uptake of glycine in pregnant mouse mammary tissue cultured in vitro, while the (Na++Cl-)-dependent, MeAIB-insensitive system remained unaffected.     

Long-term storage of mouse spermatozoa after evaporative drying

To determine if mouse spermatozoa could be preserved long-term without using liquid nitrogen, mouse spermatozoa in trehalose-EGTA solution were partially evaporatively dried under nitrogen gas (5 min at flow rate10 l/min) and stored for 1 week and 5 months at 4, -20, and -80 degrees C before intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Fertilization rates were neither different with spermatozoa stored at 4, -20, or -80 degrees C for 1 week or 1, 3, and 5 months respectively, nor blastocyst formation rates with spermatozoa stored for 1 week and 1 month. However, spermatozoa stored at 4 and -20 degrees C for 3 months resulted in fewer blastocysts (35.1 and 54.3% respectively) when compared with spermatozoa stored at -80 degrees C (74.4%). Blastocyst formation rates using spermatozoa stored for 5 months at -20 degrees C (57.4%) or -80 degrees C (74.5%) were not significantly different from those stored for 3 months at the same temperatures respectively, but were significantly better than those stored for 5 months at 4 degrees C (10.2%). Blastocysts derived from spermatozoa stored for 3 and 5 months at -20 and -80 degrees C respectively, were then transferred to pseudopregnant mothers to develop into healthy liveborn offspring. No significant differences were found in embryo transfer rates (number of pups born/number of embryos transferred), weaning rates, or sex ratios of resultant pups, which were healthy and reproductively sound. These results demonstrate for the first time that partially evaporatively dried mouse spermatozoa in trehalose-EGTA solution can be preserved for long term at -20 and -80 degrees C. The possibility that the storage temperature must be less than the glass transition temperature is discussed.     

Characterization of mouse spermatogonia by transmission electron microscopy

Characteristics of the various type A, intermediate (In) and B spermatogonia were determined in C57BL/6J mice using transmission electron microscopy. Spermatogonia were photographed at all stages of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium. Over 450 images were taken. Spermatogonia could be classified into As, Apr, Aal, A1 cells, A2 cells, A3 cells, A4 cells, intermediate type and type B cells primarily on the basis of nuclear and nucleolar characteristics. The most primitive spermatogonia (As, Apr, Aal) had mottled chromatin; A1 cells contained homogeneously finely granular chromatin throughout the nucleus; A2, A3, A4 and intermediate type spermatogonia had progressively increasing amounts of chromatin encrusting the nuclear envelope; type B spermatogonia had less heterochromatin along the nuclear envelope, although the particles were more dense and rounded than in intermediate type spermatogonia. Mitochondrial size and position of Golgi complexes varied in different types of spermatogonia. These data show that types of spermatogonia can be differentiated such that these characteristics can be used in functional studies.     

中国鼠纹样在现代服装中的设计研究

中国鼠纹样历史悠久,具有独特的人文魅力和艺术价值。文章通过分析中国传统鼠纹样的历史渊源、艺术特征及人文寓意,运用图案构成法则和服饰美学原理探索中国鼠纹样与现代服装的融合,为鼠纹样在服装设计内的应用提供可行的设计思路。尝试将鼠纹样运用到现代卫衣设计中,旨在更好地传承中国鼠文化,以期在现代服装设计领域得到创新发展。     

Survival and normal function of glycolysis-deficient mouse oocytes

Mouse embryos homozygous for a null allele of Gpi1 which encodes the glycolytic enzyme glucose phosphate isomerase fail to complete gastrulation and die at about embryonic day 7.5, but mutant cells can survive in fetal chimaeras in which they are mixed with wild-type cells. An adult female mouse chimaera, composed of wild-type cells and homozygous Gpi1(-/-) null mutant cells, was produced to test whether the presence of wild-type cells in the ovary allowed mutant oocytes to survive and function. This mouse produced 28 offspring, eight of which were derived from homozygous Gpi1(-/-) null oocytes. DNA in situ hybridization also showed that some Gpi1(-/-) follicle cells were able to survive in chimaeric ovarian follicles. It is likely that the survival of mutant follicle cells and fully functional mutant oocytes was mediated by the presence of wild-type cells that could provide metabolic intermediates and so bypass the block in the glycolytic pathway. Wild-type cumulus cells probably supported the growing GPI-deficient oocytes via metabolic co-operation, by passing ATP and other glycolytic products through gap junctions. It was concluded that female mouse germ cells and ovarian follicle cells do not need an intact endogenous glycolytic pathway if they can obtain appropriate metabolites from an exogenous source.     

Purification of mouse primordial germ cells by Nycodenz

Primordial germ cells are important cells for the study of germ cell lineage. It has proved difficult to obtain highly purified primordial germ cells for preparation of a specific antibody. In the present study, a new method for purifying mouse primordial germ cells was developed using a Nycodenz gradient. Furthermore, the polyclonal anti-mouse primordial germ cells IgG derived from mouse primordial germ cells was prepared. As this IgG reacted only with primordial germ cells obtained at day 12.5 after mating, this antibody appeared to recognize the stage-specific antigen of primordial germ cells. One reason that a continuous primordial germ cell marker has not been obtained is because the purity of the primordial germ cells used has been too low to prepare the antibody. This new method represents a significant improvement in the purification of primordial germ cells; it is simpler than previous methods, and produced mouse primordial germ cells with a purity of more than 95%. In addition, the separation reagent Nycodenz is non-toxic and achieved separation of primordial germ cells without attachment of antibodies against the primordial germ cell membrane surface. This new purification method and stage-specific antibody will be useful for the analysis of the mechanisms of primordial germ cell migration.