中国版RoHS指令即将实施

欧盟RoHS指令开始实施全球兴起电子环保潮流2006年7月,在欧盟地区开始实施的RoHS指令(欧盟关于限制使用六种有害化学物质的法律)给日本电子行业带来了重大影响,包括从供应链的变化到封装技术的改进等。表面上看,在RoHS指令开始实施后一切平静如常,但是,实际上并非如此。在刚开始实施以后的7月28日,索尼公司就在其官方网站上宣称:"索尼的产品并不存在违反RoHS指令的事实。"目的是为了消除在同行业中流传的该公司产品受到罚款及销毁处理的流言所造成的影响。此外,围绕着RoHS指令,其他日本厂商也不同程度受     

RoHS法强制要求电子行业企业不使用铅

技术繁荣的一个负面影响一直是在电子产品生产中使用有害的化学物质.制定在电器和电子设备中禁止使用有害物质(RoHS)的指令就是为了解决这个问题.     

实施一年后看欧盟RoHS指令变电子产业的影响

众所周知，欧盟RoHS指令于2006年7月1日正式实施。显然，世界并没有因此发生根本的改变，而绝大多数的消费者也并没有意识到它的存在，但RoHS法规的确对电子行业产生了巨大的影响，且欧盟RoHS执行机构正在不断地将之越来越多地“付诸行动”。英国的执行机构国家度量衡实验室（NWML）提前一年就开始了相关的准备工作，[第一段]     

RoHS指令应对探讨

2006年7月1日,欧盟关于在电子电气设备中限制使用某种有害物质的指令(RoHS 指令)正式实施,对出口电子电气设备的检验和监管带来了一个新的挑战,本文就检验检疫部门新检验监管模式提出了一些思考和建议,面对当前各式各样的企业应对措施,在帮扶企业的同时,提出了一些现今企业忽视的而又较为重要的要素,为企业如何应对欧盟RoHS指令提出了指引.     

RoHS 2.0指令解析

通过比较欧盟RoHS 2.0指令与原指令的主要差异,分析企业需要履行的主要义务,以及应对RoHS 2.0指令的难点及重点,最后制定切实可行的应对措施。     

应对欧盟RoHS指令措施

一 政府相关职能部门应该积极联系欧盟国家的立法机构，多方面了解和掌握法令转换的最新动态，适时提出有利的建议给我国的相关企业。     

RoHS指令最新进展及影响解读

该文主要解析了RoHS指令的最新修订情况,并对其对中国企业的影响进行了分析,以期对中国电子制造相关企业提供参考。     

欧盟从RoHS指令中去除Deca-BDE

2005年10月15日欧盟发布一项决议，将Deca—BDE从RoHS指令中去除。这是有害物质限制指令选定免除物调节的最后一步。     

欧盟电子电气环保指令RoHS

欧盟电子电气环保指令RoHS（下称“RoHS”指令） 从7月1日开始正式执行，至今，中国电子出口企业在侥幸和忐忑不安的心情中度过了一个多月。     

欧盟从RoHS指令中去掉Deca—BDE

2005年10月15日发布的一项决议中，欧盟将Deca—BDE从它的有害物质限制指令中去掉了。     

RoHS compliance in safety and reliability critical electronics

In some safety- and reliability-critical applications, electronic products are subjected to harsh operating conditions for a lifetime ranging over ten years. For instance, the Emerson DVC6215 remote mount sensor has operating requirements from − 52 °C to 120 °C along with the ability to withstand high rates of temperature fluctuations during manufacture and vibration up to 50G's during use. Since safety- and reliability-critical products are designed for use in industries with specialized operating conditions, there is no standardized set of operating conditions for these products. As a result, such products were exempt from the EU's Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) directive passed in 2006. However, specific deadlines have been set for exempt industries in the 2011 recast version of the RoHS directive. This paper provides a systematic lead-free transition plan in safety- and reliability-critical products. Existing lead-free solder options for harsh environmental operating conditions are evaluated along with the pros and cons in RoHS compliance.     

Integrated electronics and change in the electronics industry

Those who use electronics to solve problems for customers must exercise science, engineering, art, and business sense, and work with four generations of electronics based on vacuum tubes, discrete semiconductor devices, integrated circuits, and integrated electronic components, respectively. This paper includes forecasts of the growing applications and economic impact of integrated electronics. The concept of Active Element Groups (AEGs) is used to analyze the growth of the market from 1963 to 1973 and to emphasize the increasing integration of electronics. Despite dramatic trends now emerging in product mix and technology, the electronics industry will not be radically changed in structure. Bigger organizations are likely to get still bigger and stronger; smaller organizations are likely to consolidate; integrated electronics will make electronics pervasive. Integrated electronics makes the inward-looking science, engineering, and art of electronics more usable and allows the outward-looking practitioners who use electronics to solve problems for customers to move up their skills and concentrate on more effective and more sophisticated solutions-to those problems. It does not decrease their ability to serve their customers. It does require that they upgrade and change the emphasis of that ability to serve their customers more effectively.     

Market trends in the electronics industry

The statistical survey of the electronics industry in the United States, published annually by the Electronic Industries Association, for several years has shown a trend of importance to all IEEE members whose employment and job assignments depend on the markets for electronic systems, equipment, and components. That trend is a decrease in the year-to-year growth of factory sales in two major components of the industry: products sold to the government and to the consuming public. The other major component, sales of industrial products, has shared this trend of arrested growth, but there is an encouraging turnaround that is evident in the projected figures for 1969. Although product sales are by no means the only significant economic factor in these industries, this indicator has a fundamental influence on future product design and development. The statistics reviewed in this article are taken by permission from the recently published ``EIA Yearbook ? 1969.' This 94-page document1 contains detailed data on sales of individual product lines, funding, employment, and related industry statistics. It is recommended highly to IEEE members, in the U.S. and elsewhere, who have an interest in the economic underpinning of our profession.     

Power electronics in the minicomputer industry

An overview of modern minicomputer power systems is presented. Requirements placed on the power systems by computer loads, power source characteristics, and product market forces are described. A review of the genesis of switching power converter technologies in the minicomputer industry is presented. Based on power and packaging considerations, four distinct types of computers are identified: laptop computers, workstations, rack-mount systems, and superminicomputers. The attributes of each of these types, as they relate to power system requirements, are described, and the power system architectures and technologies which meet these requirements are presented. The basic technologies which are currently being explored as vehicles for meeting new performance goals and product requirements are discussed     

A model for productivity measurement in the electronics industry

Productivity measurement is of great importance to electronic industry. It is used as a tool for productivity improvement. This paper is devoted to measure the productivity of electronic equipment composed of frame and printed circuit packs. A model for productivity measurement is developed, and an application is presented.     

重视"非典"对电子产品市场的影响

SARS对经济的影响是肯定的,只是行业不同,时间长短,影响有所差异。SARS对中国电子产品影响如何,这里发表几篇文章,从几个方面作了阐述,谨供读者参考。     

Lead-free soldering in the Japanese electronics industry

Japan has witnessed prosperous industrial growth since the 1960s, and this growth has given rise to increased awareness by the government and the people regarding environmental responsibility. This responsibility includes the use of "green" materials and the recycling of important resources. Legislation, including the appliances law, requires the Japanese electronics industry to comply with more stringent environmental stipulations. However, Japanese electronics companies have captured international attention by preempting legislation with the introduction of lead-free products in the market with an ambitious target of eliminating the use of lead in electronic products. In this paper, we investigate corporate strategies regarding lead-free product development in light of legislative and environmental issues in Japan.     

A reliability assessment guide for the transition planning to lead-free electronics for companies whose products are RoHS exempted or excluded

While a majority of electronic manufacturers have transitioned to lead-free materials and processes, both to comply with government legislation and to be compatible with the evolving supply-chain infrastructure, there are still many electronic manufacturers who are not using lead-free technologies, because they produce products that are either currently exempted or excluded from the government-imposed restrictions. Nevertheless, at some time, these manufacturers will need to have a lead-free transition plan, which includes compliance identification of the materials used, supplier compliance, process updates, and reliability assessment and qualification to the targeted application. This paper first briefly overviews the state of the knowledge as it relates to the reliability of lead-free solders. Then the paper provides a guide to help the planning team to assess the reliability issues needed for scheduling and resource identification to ensure a cost-effective and timely transition to lead-free products. The focus is on a risk matrix developed to help companies determine the general category of risk that they will encounter if they are currently exempt or excluded from making lead-free electronics.     

Going for gold [gold in electronics industry]

Gold is the pre-eminent noble metal, prized throughout history for its beauty, permanence and rarity-an enduring store of wealth and the basis for countless decorative, ceremonial and religious artefacts. In the modern world, gold's unique chemical and physical properties mean that it is now finding increasing use in a wide range of industrial applications. Gold has outstanding resistance to corrosion and excellent bio-compatibility, is easy to work and has high thermal and electrical conductivity. Only silver and copper are better conductors of electricity, but cannot match gold's resistance to tarnishing or corrosion. In electronics, gold's immunity to environmental effects is possibly its most significant property-allowing the technical performance of gold electroplating or gold bonding wires to remain essentially unchanged by time. The mobile phone and PC markets have been fuelling a rising demand for gold in the electronics sector, and during 2000 it was estimated that around 280 tonnes found its way into electronics and electrical components'. Where the voltages are small, the circuitry complex, or reliability must be high, gold is usually the preferred choice. Gold-plated contacts and connectors are the most important use of gold in the electronics industry. gold is generally considered the best material for low-voltage, low-current and low-contact-force applications. When two gold surfaces are brought together into intimate contact, the resulting electrical connection offers unrivalled low resistance and stability