蓝莓果渣花色苷大孔树脂纯化工艺研究

以蓝莓果渣为原料,利用大孔树脂分离纯化蓝莓果渣花色苷。对比了D101和AB-8两种不同极性的大孔树脂静态吸附和解吸效果。结果表明,AB-8型大孔树脂吸附率和解吸率分别为88.5%、64.7%;D101型大孔树脂吸附率和解吸率分别为86.7%、61.2%,AB-8型大孔树脂吸附率和解吸率均优于D101型大孔树脂,故选用AB-8型大孔树脂对蓝莓果渣进行纯化试验。AB-8型大孔树脂最佳吸附和解吸条件为吸附平衡时间4 h,解吸平衡时间4 h,花色苷溶液pH 3.0,解吸液pH 3.0,解吸液乙醇体积分数60%,上样质量浓度1 mg/mL,上样流速1 mL/min,洗脱流速1 mL/min。纯化后蓝莓果渣花色苷色价约为纯化前的3倍,糖和蛋白质等杂质大幅降低,纯度有了较大提高。     

大孔吸附树脂分离富集大麦多酚的研究

通过静态吸附量和解吸率的测定对六种大孔吸附树脂进行筛选,然后确定大麦多酚分离富集的最适操作条件。结果表明,AB-8大孔树脂具有好的吸附性能和解吸效果。最适吸附条件为:上柱料液浓度1.0mg/ml,pH6.0,上柱速率为2～3BV/h。最适洗脱条件为:乙醇浓度70%,洗脱速率2BV/h,洗脱体积3.0BV。经过分离富集后大麦多酚的含量增加了3倍,还原能力和清除DPPH自由基的能力也随之大大提高。     

大孔树脂对茄子皮红色素的纯化

为得到大孔树脂纯化茄子皮红色素的最佳纯化条件,采用7种大孔吸附树脂对茄子皮红色素进行静态吸附和解吸实验,以筛选出纯化色素的最佳树脂.运用单因素和正交试验研究了茄子皮红色素在最佳树脂上的吸附和解吸工艺,经方差分析确定了吸附和解吸的最佳条件.最佳吸附条件为用pH为3的柠檬酸-磷酸氢二钠缓冲液将色素粗提液稀释7倍(吸光度值0.533左右),吸附温度30℃,吸附时间90min;最佳解吸条件为乙醇浓度50%,解吸时间30min,解吸温度30℃.选择LSA-21大孔吸附树脂,通过动态试验,确定吸附速率为8BV/h,洗脱速率为4BV/h,未纯化前色价为28.9,经该工艺所得纯化物色价为126.0,提高到4.36倍.     

大孔树脂纯化鼠曲草总黄酮的研究

以鼠曲草黄酮的吸附率、解吸率为指标,考察了六种大孔吸附树脂对鼠曲草中总黄酮的纯化性能,筛选出最佳的大孔吸附树脂,采用动态法分析了吸附流速、pH条件、解吸液乙醇浓度和解吸液流速对吸附解吸的影响,同时采用高效液相色谱法进行分析检测表征了纯化的效果。实验结果表明,大孔吸附树脂AB-8对鼠曲草总黄酮有很好的吸附和解吸性能,并确定了最佳的吸附和解吸条件为:样品液pH=4.0、吸附流速为2BV/h、解吸液乙醇浓度为50%、解吸流速为2BV/h。树脂饱和吸附量为14.7mg/g湿树脂,在此条件下鼠曲草黄酮纯度由原来的28.0%提升到59.4%。     

大孔树脂纯化蓝莓果中花色苷的研究

比较了10种大孔树脂对蓝莓花色苷的吸附和解吸效果,研究了AB-8型大孔树脂对蓝莓花色苷的吸附与解吸条件.结果表明,AB-8型大孔树脂是纯化蓝莓花色苷效果较好的树脂;蓝莓花色苷在AB-8型树脂上的吸附平衡时间为4 h,解吸平衡时间为2 h,吸附的最适质量浓度为750 mg/L;30 ℃,pH 3.0时吸附能力比较强,解吸时宜选用体积分数60 %乙醇溶液.该工艺生产的花色苷产品为紫黑色粉末,色价为54.10,回收率为88.20 %.     

大孔吸附树脂对类胡萝卜素的静态吸附研究

为寻找大孔吸附树脂对粘性红圆酵母产类胡萝卜素的最佳纯化条件,比较了6种大孔吸附树脂对类胡萝卜素的静态吸附能力,并对所选择树脂的吸附最佳条件和解吸条件进行了研究.结果表明,DS-401型大孔吸附树脂具有最佳的吸附和洗脱参数,其最佳工艺为在pH为6.0、温度为25℃、时间为1h的条件下吸附率最大,可达80.58％,此时选用100％石油醚做解吸剂,于30℃解吸1h,解吸率最大,可达95.32％.     

玉米苞叶中黄酮类化合物的纯化工艺优化

采用大孔树脂吸附法对玉米苞叶中的黄酮类化合物进行纯化。以吸附率和解吸率为指标,通过静态吸附和解吸试验,筛选最佳树脂,并确定合理的吸附和解吸时间。结果表明,D101大孔树脂的纯化效果最优,吸附平衡时间为4 h,解吸平衡时间为2 h。在此基础上,选择树脂质量、上样液pH值、洗脱剂体积分数、洗脱剂用量4个单因素进行动态吸附和解吸试验。以上述4个因素为自变量,以玉米苞叶中黄酮类化合物的纯度为响应值,使用Box-Behnken中心组合试验设计和响应面分析法进行研究。确定了最佳的纯化工艺条件为:树脂质量1.10 g,p H3,洗脱剂体积分数82%,洗脱剂用量25.5 m L。在此条件下,玉米苞叶中黄酮类化合物的纯度为45.4%,与理论值基本吻合,且纯度较未纯化时提高了2.1倍。     

大孔吸附树脂分离纯化桦褐孔菌三萜工艺研究

为研究大孔吸附树脂纯化桦褐孔菌三萜的工艺,筛选了适宜的大孔吸附树脂,并以吸附率和解析率为指标,利用最适的树脂进行对桦褐孔菌的静态吸附和解析的条件优化,研究了上样液体积、吸附时间、样液pH值、解析时间、解析液种类和解析液浓度的影响,确定纯化工艺参数。结果表明:在供试的5种大孔吸附树脂中,AB-8型大孔吸附树脂适合分离桦褐孔菌三萜。最佳分离条件为:样液在自然pH值条件下,按10mL/g树脂进行吸附12h后利用蒸馏水除去未吸附的样液后选择30%乙醇及70%乙醇进行依次解析12h,此时三萜的吸附率和解析率分别可达93%和80%以上。表明AB-8型大孔吸附树脂纯化桦褐孔菌三萜的效果较佳。     

大孔吸附树脂纯化富集川芎总生物碱的工艺

以盐酸川芎嗪为对照品,采用酸性染料比色法测定川芎总生物碱含量。以吸附率和解吸率为指标,比较7种不同型号大孔吸附树脂的静态吸附与解吸附能力,考察动态吸附与洗脱参数,筛选最佳大孔吸附树脂纯化富集川芎总生物碱的工艺条件。结果表明AB-8型大孔树脂对川芎总生物碱的吸附与解吸性能最好,静态吸附率为75.10%,解吸率为81.45%,静态吸附和解吸时间分别为12h和8h。其动态富集工艺条件为:最佳上样液pH为8.0,上样质量浓度为4.4799mg/mL,上样量为8BV,用13BV去离子水除杂后,再用14BV体积分数85%的乙醇进行洗脱。经AB-8大孔树脂纯化富集后,川芎总生物碱纯度提高了2.38倍,回收率为75.15%(RSD=1.22%,n=3)。     

大孔树脂对山葡萄渣白藜芦醇静态吸附与解吸工艺条件优化

研究了大孔树脂AB-8、D4020、DM130、HPD600对山葡萄渣白藜芦醇的静态吸附和解吸特性,然后以AB-8大孔树脂为研究对象,在单因素实验的基础上对其吸附条件进行了响应面法优化,最后对AB-8大孔树脂的解吸条件进行了探讨。结果表明:与另外3种大孔树脂相比,大孔树脂AB-8对白藜芦醇具有较好的吸附和解吸性能。吸附时间和温度对白藜芦醇吸附效果影响极显著,p H则影响显著,得到山葡萄渣白藜芦醇AB-8大孔树脂吸附最佳工艺参数为p H6.4、吸附时间4.2h、温度25.8℃,在此条件下,吸附量达到89.05mg/g。采用75%乙醇对山葡萄渣白藜芦醇解吸2.5h时,解吸率为85.77%。     

蛋白质水解度测定方法综述

对目前国内外常用的蛋白质水解度测定方法进行了综述，其中pH—state方法是通过滴定水解过程中释放的质子测定DH；OPA、TNBS及国内常用的水合茚三酮和甲醛等测定方法是利用游离氨基的反应测定DH。     

SEROLOGIC IDENTIFICATION OF SPECIES OF ORIGIN OF SAUSAGE MEATS

SUMMARY: A partially purified immunoglobulin G (lgG) solution prepared from the serum of species to be tested was heated to the specifications for sausages. The resulting supernatant fluid was decanted and the precipitate washed with saline and used to immunize rabbits. The supernatant fluid was used to sensitize tanned sheep red blood cells. The immune serum was rendered monospecific by absorptions with heterologous, heated lgG precipitates. A sample of monospecific immune serum was absorbed with a washed homogenate of sausage. Aliquots of the monospecific immune serum, both untreated and sausage absorbed, were tested with cells sensitized with the homologous heated lgG supematant fluid. A significant reduction of titer by sausage absorption indicated that the sausages contained the meat homologous to the immune serum.     

BASIS OF STABILITY OF AMINE SALTS OF LINOLEIC ACID

SUMMARY— The mechanism and generality of the known stabilization against autoxidation conferred on linoleic acid by certain basic amino acids, such as lysine and arginine, was investigated. Basic amino acids were the only class of compounds found to confer the effect. However, the smallest basic amino acid, 2,3-diaminopropionic acid, was not effective, nor was αβω-diaminc acid, 3,6-diaminohexanoic acid, although a simple isomer of lysine. The stabilization was observed only in the solid phase. Inclusion of sodium chloride in the solid matrix was deleterious to the effect. A large number of physical and chemical observations were made and correlated but it has not been possible to draw detailed conclusions about the mechanism of stabilization, nor can a detailed structure of the stabilized complex be suggested. The cause of the phenomenon appears to be closely associated with the physical arrangement of the ions in the crystal lattice.     

聚多元羧酸盐的合成及应用

研究了聚多元羧酸盐的合成方法及反应机理,将其应用于洗涤剂和PVC制品中分别代替三聚磷酸钠和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯,证明有良好效果。     

百年风尚

一场流光溢彩、赏心悦目的展览,一段百年风尚演进的传奇旅程,一次东西方文化艺术的完美对话。2013年9月13日,“博萃臻艺一中西方珍宝艺术展”在辽宁省博物馆举行了隆重的开幕仪式,法兰西共和国驻华大使白林女士、辽宁省文物局局长丁辉先生、辽宁省博物馆馆长马宝杰先生、卡地亚全球总裁兼首席执行官邓阁仕先生、卡地亚区域行政总裁（北亚洲）陆慧全先生、卡地亚中国区首席执行官陆意斯先生、辽宁省文物店总经理张春鹰先生,以及众多文化界与文博界的贵宾齐聚一堂,共同见证了这场文化艺术盛事。     

STABILITY OF AQUEOUS EMULSIONS OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL OF HOPS

Hop oil emulsions prepared from different varieties of hops have been found to exhibit enhanced physical stability on the addition of blends of the emulsifiers Span 20/Tween 80 or Span 60/Tween 60. Examination of the particle size and volume distributions of an emulsion by use of a Coulter Counter was found to be an excellent method of monitoring its stability. An indication as to the relative efficiency of emulsifiers can be obtained from Coulter Counter measurements on hop oil emulsions after storage for 4 days. The use of an ultracentrifuge provies a rapid means of testing emulsion stability and hence the effectiveness of emulsion stabilizers.     

EFFECTS OF TYPES OF FAT AND OF RATES AND TEMPERATURES OF COMMINUTION ON DISPERSION OF LIPIDS IN FRANKFURTERS

ABSTRACT— The effect of time, temperature and rpm of comminution of emulsions was determined on the dispersion of approximately 25% of beef fat, pork fat or cottonseed oil in frankfurters. The numbers of lipid particles 5 μ or less in diameter increased in frankfurters containing either beef or pork fat as comminution was continued to higher temperatures, with pork fat dispersed more thoroughly. Fat tended to separate from frankfurters containing beef fat in particles 200 μ or more in diameter. In contrast, no specific degree of dispersion of particles 5 μ or less in diameter consistently indicated emulsion stability, or its lack. Increased rpm during comminution produced an increased dispersion of beef or pork fat. Under the same conditions pork fat was dispersed more finely than beef fat. Dispersion of cottonseed oil produced finely dispersed particles beyond the resolution of light microscopy, as was confirmed by electron microscopy which showed a substantial number of particles to be less than 1 μ in diameter.     

DEVELOPMENT OF CHAINS OF CELLS OF SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE DURING FERMENTATION

The lengths of chains of cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were studied during fermentation. Pitching yeast generally contained about half of the total number of cells as two-celled chains. The chain lengths varied during the subsequent fermentation and the variations were characteristic of the strain. Electronic counting assessments of chain length were unreliable.     

ANALYTICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PRODUCTS OF NONENZYMATIC GLYCOSYLATION OF LYSOZYME

The quantitative analysis of the reaction products of the water activity dependent nonenzymatic glycosylation of lysozyme was not straightforward. Difficulties arose in the determination of the number of bound glucose molecules because glycosylation leads to glucose mediated protein aggregation, and the likely presence of a mixture of relatively labile Schiff-base intermediates, and the more stable ketoamine products generated by Amadori rearrangement. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to monitor protein aggregation; periodate oxidation, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and oxalic acid hydrolysis combined with HPLC, emerged as the most promising methods to quantitate the degree of glycosylation. Possible interpretations are advanced to explain the apparent discrepancies in degree of glycosylation suggested by the different analytical methods evaluated.     

矩阵乘积的行式,列式

给出了ｍ×ｍ矩阵与ｍ×ｎ矩阵的行（列）式的表达式．若Ａ＝ａ１１ａ１２…ａ１ｍａ２１ａ２２…ａ２ｍ……ａｍ１ａｍ２…ａｍｍＢ＝ｂ１１ｂ１２…ｂ１ｎｂ２１ｂ２２…ｂ２ｎ……ｂｍ１ｂｍ２…ｂｍｎ分别是ｍ×ｍ，ｍ×ｎ矩阵，则｜Ａ｜｜Ｂ｜＝｜ＡＢ｜＋∑ｉ１＜ｉ２＜…＜ｉｔｊ１＜ｊ２＜…＜ｊｔ１≤ｔ≤ｍｎ－ｔ≥ｍＮＢｉ１ｉ２…ｉｔｊ１ｊ２…ｊｔＮＡＢ１…ｍ（－１）ｓｔ＋１ｊｔ＋１…（－１）ｓｎｊｎ其中ｉ１，ｉ２，…，ｉｔ是１，２，…，ｍ中ｔ个数码；ｊ１，ｊ２，…，ｊｔ，ｊｔ＋１，…，ｊｎ是１，２，…，ｎ的一个排列；ｓｒ＝π（ｊ１，ｊ２，…，ｊｔ，ｊｒ）（ｒ＝１，２，…，ｎ）是排列ｊ１，ｊ２，…，ｊｔ，ｊｒ的反序数．