一种UHF频段小数分频频率综合器设计与实现

基于130 nm CMOS工艺设计了一款特高频(UHF)频段的锁相环型小数分频频率综合器.电感电容式压控振荡器(LC VCO)片外调谐电感总值为2 nH时,其输出频率范围为1.06～1.24 GHz,调节调谐电感拓宽了频率输出范围,并利用开关电容阵列减小了压控振荡器的增益.使用电荷泵补偿电流优化了频率综合器的线性度与带内相位噪声.此外对电荷泵进行适当改进,确保了环路的稳定.测试结果表明,通过调节电荷泵补偿电流,频率综合器的带内相位噪声可优化3 dB以上,中心频率为1.12 GHz时,在1 kHz频偏处的带内相位噪声和1 MHz频偏处的带外相位噪声分别为-92.3和-120.9 dBc/Hz.最小频率分辨率为3 Hz,功耗为19.2 mW.     

应用于射频收发机的低功耗频率综合器

基于0.18μm 1P6M CMOS工艺,设计并实现了一种用于工作在2.4 GHz ISM频段的射频收发机的整数型频率综合器。频率综合器采用锁相环结构,包括片上全集成的电感电容压控振荡器、正交高频分频器、数字可编程分频器、鉴频鉴相器、电荷泵、二阶环路滤波器,为接收机提供正交本地振荡信号并驱动功率放大器。通过在PCB板上绑定裸片的方法进行测试,测试结果表明,压控振荡器的频率覆盖范围为2.338～2.495 GHz;锁定频率为2.424 GHz时,频偏3 MHz处的相位噪声为-113.4 dBc/Hz,带内相位噪声为-65.9 dBc/Hz;1 MHz处的参考杂散为-45.4 dBc,满足收发机整体性能指标的要求。在1.8 V电源电压下,频率综合器整体消耗电流仅为6.98 mA。芯片总面积为0.69 mm×0.56 mm。     

一种10GHz 0.13µm CMOS 低杂散低抖动锁相环

介绍了一种10 GHz低杂散、低抖动锁相环电路。利用改进的压控振荡器和具有较小延迟复位时间动态鉴频鉴相器有效降低锁相环相位噪声,同时讨论了高频分频器噪声以及电荷泵电流失配的优化方法。电路采用中芯国际0.13µm 1.2V射频CMOS工艺实现。测量结果表明,锁相环RMS抖动为757 fs (1KHz到10MHz); 在10 kHz、1 MHz频偏处的相位噪声分别为-89与-118.1dBc/Hz;参考频率杂散低于-77dBc。芯片面积0.32 mm2,功耗30.6mW。     

一种超高频RFID阅读器中的双环锁相环

采用GF 130 nm CMOS工艺,设计了一种低功耗低噪声的电荷泵型双环锁相环,该锁相环可应用于符合国际及中国标准的超高频射频识别阅读器芯片。通过对双环锁相环在带宽和工作频率上的合理设置,以及对压控振荡器中变容二极管偏置电阻及电荷泵中参考杂散的理论分析和优化设计,改进了锁相环电路功耗和噪声性能。仿真结果表明,该锁相环在输出工作频率范围为840~960 MHz时,功耗为31.21 mW,在距中心频率840.125 MHz频偏100 kHz处的相位噪声为 -108.5 dBc/Hz,频偏1 MHz处的相位噪声为 -132.3 dBc/Hz。与同类锁相环相比较,本文电路在噪声和功耗方面具有一定优势。     

一款集成VCO宽带频率合成器

采用0.35 μm SiGe BiCMOS工艺设计了一款集成压控振荡器(VCO)宽带频率合成器.该锁相环(PLL)型频率合成器主要包括集成VCO、鉴频鉴相器、可编程电荷泵、小数分频器等模块.其中集成VCO采用3个独立的宽带VCO完成对频率的覆盖;鉴频鉴相器采用动态逻辑结构;小数分频器中∑-△调制器模数可编程,可以精确调制多种分频值.测试结果表明,在电源电压3.3V、工作温度-40～85℃的条件下,该芯片输出频率为137.5～4400 MHz,频偏100 kHz处的相位噪声为-104 dBc/Hz,频偏1 MHz处的相位噪声为-131 dBc/Hz,归一化本底噪声为-215 dBc/Hz.芯片面积为3.8 mm×4 mm.该频率合成器能为通信系统提供低相位噪声或低抖动的时钟信号,具有广阔的应用前景.     

应用于IMT-A和UWB系统的0.13μm CMOS宽带压控振荡器设计

基于TSMC 0.13μm CMOS工艺设计并实现了应用于IMT-Advanced和UWB系统的双频段宽带频率合成器中的电感电容压控振荡器(LC-VCO)。此压控振荡器的设计采用了开关电流源、开关交叉耦合对和噪声滤波等技术,以优化电路的相位噪声,功耗,振荡幅度,调谐范围等性能。为达到宽的调谐范围,核心电路采用了4比特可重构的开关电容调谐阵列。整个芯片包括焊盘面积为1.11′0.98 mm₂。测试结果表明,在1.2V电源电压下,两个频段压控振荡器所消耗的电流分别为3mA和4.5mA,压控振荡器的调谐范围为3.86~5.28GHz和3.14~3.88GHz。在振荡频率3.5GHz和4.2GHz上,1MHz频偏处,压控振荡器的相位噪声分别为-123dBc/Hz与-119dBc/Hz。     

应用于GSM直接调制发射机的宽带压控振荡器

设计了一个应用于GSM850/EGSM900/DCS1800/PCS1900四频带直接调制锁相环发射机的宽带电感电容压控振荡器,采用温度计编码控制开关电容阵列,获得了宽频率覆盖范围,通过优化获得了良好的相位噪声性能.整个电路采用TSMC 0.18μm工艺实现,工作电压为3 V.仿真结果表明:压控振荡器的频率范围3 055～4 176 MHz(31%),调谐增益19 MHz/V变化至44MHz/V,相对最大调谐增益的变化值为56.8%,频偏20 MHz处相位噪声达到-155.7 dBc/Hz以下,最大功耗30 mW.     

一种0.13微米CMOS工艺1.0V差分压控振荡器设计

本文实现了一种集成高品质因素片上电感的差分互补压控振荡器。该压控振荡器的谐振腔由片上电感和反型MOS电容并联组成。谐振腔的品质因素主要被片上电感性能所限制。通过优化设计以及采用单圈的拓扑结构,片上电感在6GHz仿真的品质因素可以达到35。本文提出的压控振荡器采用SMIC0.13微米工艺流片,芯片面积为1.0×0.8mm2。振荡器的频率范围为5.73GHz到6.35GHz。当振荡器中心频率为6.35GHz时,其功耗在1.0V电源电压时为2.55mA,1MHz频偏处相位噪声为-120.14dBc/Hz。该压控振荡器的FOM值达到-192.13dBc/Hz.     

具有电容阵列和电感阵列的1.8~2.6GHz CMOS压控振荡器

设计了一个具有开关电容阵列和开关电感阵列的1.76~2.56GHz CMOS压控振荡器。电路采用0.18µm 1P6M CMOS工艺实现。经测试,压控振荡器的频率调谐范围为37%。在频率调谐范围内及1MHz频偏处,相位噪声变化范围为-118.5dBc/Hz至 -122.8dBc/Hz。在1.8V电源电压下,功耗约为14.4mW。基于具有电容阵列和电感阵列的可重构LC谐振回路,对压控振荡器的调谐范围参数进行了分析和推导,所得结果为电路设计提供了指导。     

用于高能物理实验电子读出芯片的低噪声锁相环芯片设计

基于TSMC 180 nm工艺设计并流片测试了一款用于高能物理实验的电子读出系统的低噪声、低功耗锁相环芯片。该芯片主要由鉴频鉴相器、电荷泵、环路滤波器、压控振荡器和分频器等子模块组成,在锁相环电荷泵模块中,使用共源共栅电流镜结构精准镜像电流以减小电流失配和用运放钳位电压进一步减小相位噪声。测试结果表明,该锁相环芯片在1.8 V电源电压、输入50 MHz参考时钟条件下,可稳定输出200 MHz的差分时钟信号,时钟均方根抖动为2.26 ps(0.45 mUI),相位噪声在1 MHz频偏处为-105.83 dBc/Hz。芯片整体功耗实测为23.4 mW,锁相环核心功耗为2.02 mW。     

A Low‐Spur CMOS PLL Using Differential Compensation Scheme

This paper proposes LC voltage‐controlled oscillator (VCO) phase‐locked loop (PLL) and ring‐VCO PLL topologies with low‐phase noise. Differential control loops are used for the PLL locking through a symmetrical transformer‐resonator or bilaterally controlled varactor pair. A differential compensation mechanism suppresses out‐band spurious tones. The prototypes of the proposed PLL are implemented in a CMOS 65‐nm or 45‐nm process. The measured results of the LC‐VCO PLL show operation frequencies of 3.5 GHz to 5.6 GHz, a phase noise of –118 dBc/Hz at a 1 MHz offset, and a spur rejection of 66 dBc, while dissipating 3.2 mA at a 1 V supply. The ring‐VCO PLL shows a phase noise of –95 dBc/Hz at a 1 MHz offset, operation frequencies of 1.2 GHz to 2.04 GHz, and a spur rejection of 59 dBc, while dissipating 5.4 mA at a 1.1 V supply.     

A wideband frequency synthesizer for a receiver application at multiple frequencies

An integer-N frequency synthesizer for a receiver application at multiple frequencies was implemented in 0.18 μm IP6M CMOS technology. The synthesizer generates 2.57 GHz, 2.52 GHz, 2.4 GHz and 2.25 GHz local signals for the receiver. A wide-range voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) based on a reconfigurable LC tank with a binary-weighted switched capacitor array and a switched inductor array is employed to cover the desired frequencies with a sufficient margin. The measured tuning range of the VCO is from 1.76 to 2.59 GHz. From the carriers of 2.57 GHz,2.52 GHz, 2.4 GHz and 2.25 GHz, the measured phase noises are -122.13 dBc/Hz, -122.19 dBc/Hz, -121.8 dBc/Hz and -121.05 dBc/Hz, at 1 MHz offset, respectively. Their in-band phase noises are -80.09 dBc/Hz, -80.29 dBe/Hz,-83.05 dBc/Hz and -86.38 dBc/Hz, respectively. The frequency synthesizer including buffers consumes a total power of 70 Mw from a 2 V power supply. The chip size is 1.5 × 1 mm~2.     

A 5.7–6.0 GHz CMOS PLL with low phase noise and −68 dBc reference spur

This paper presents a 5.7–6.0 GHz Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) design using a 130 nm 2P6M CMOS process. We propose to suppress reference spur through reducing the current mismatch in charge pump (CP), controlling the delay time in phase frequency detector (PFD), and using a smaller VCO gain (KVCO). With a reference frequency of 32.768 MHz, chip measurement results show that the frequency tuning range is 5.7–6.0 GHz, the reference spur is −68 dBc, the phase noise levels are −109 dBc/Hz and −135 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz and 10 MHz offset respectively for 5.835 GHz. Compared with existing designs in the literature, this work’s reference spur is improved by at least 17% and its phase noise is the lowest. Under a 1.5 V supply voltage, the power dissipation with an output buffer of the PLL is 12 mW.     

一种基于55nmCMOS工艺，输出频率0.1G-1.5G Hz的低抖动锁相环

本文设计了一种0.1G-1.5GHz,3.07pS RMS 抖动的多相位输出锁相环。通过引入双路径电荷泵,极大的减小了锁相环中的低通滤波器的尺寸。基于指定的功耗约束,提出了一种新颖的压控振荡器、电荷泵与鉴频鉴相器的尺寸优化方法,使用该方法,每个模块输出相位噪声减小了约3-6dBc/Hz。该锁相环在55nm的工艺下流片,集成了16pF的MOM电容,占用面积仅为0.05平方毫米。输出1.5GHz信号时,功耗2.8mW,相位噪声为-102dBc/Hz@1MHz。     

A 0.8 V low power low phase-noise PLL

A low power and low phase noise phase-locked loop(PLL) design for low voltage(0.8 V) applications is presented.The voltage controlled oscillator(VCO) operates from a 0.5 V voltage supply,while the other blocks operate from a 0.8 V supply.A differential NMOS-only topology is adopted for the oscillator,a modified precharge topology is applied in the phase-frequency detector(PFD),and a new feedback structure is utilized in the charge pump(CP) for ultra-low voltage applications.The divider adopts the extende...     

一种宽频带低抖动锁相环

详细分析了自偏置锁相环(PLL)的工作原理,采用一种新颖的折叠式电荷泵(CP)结构,包含一个宽摆幅电流镜,实现了更好的电流匹配,降低了PLL的系统抖动。该PLL采用130 nm CMOS工艺进行制造。VCO的调频范围为0.43~1.54 GHz。在1.25 GHz工作频率下,频偏1 MHz处,PLL的相位噪声为-89.6 dBc/Hz,均值抖动为3.03 ps,峰峰值抖动为18.16 ps,芯片面积仅为0.34 mm²。     

A low spur, low jitter 10-GHz phase-locked loop in 0.13-μm CMOS technology

This paper presents a 10-GHz low spur and low jitter phase-locked loop (PLL).An improved low phase noise VCO and a dynamic phase frequency detector with a short delay reset time are employed to reduce the noise of the PLL.We also discuss the methodology to optimize the high frequency prescaler's noise and the charge pump's current mismatch.The chip was fabricated in a SMIC 0.13-μm RF CMOS process with a 1.2-V power supply.The measured integrated RMS jitter is 757 fs (1 kHz to 10 MHz); the phase noise is -89 and-118.1 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz and 1 MHz frequency offset,respectively; and the reference frequency spur is below -77 dBc.The chip size is 0.32 mm2 and the power consumption is 30.6 mW.     

A 0.5-1.7 GHz low phase noise ring-oscillator-based PLL for mixed-signal SoCs

This paper describes the design of a fully integrated low phase noise CMOS phase-locked loop for mixedsignal SoCs with a wide range of operating frequencies.The design proposes a multi-regulator PLL architecture,in which every noise-sensitive block from the PLL top level is biased from a dedicated linear or shunt regulator,reducing the parasitic noise and spur coupling between different PLL building blocks.Supply-induced VCO frequency sensitivity of the PLL is less than 0.07%-f_(vco)/1%-V_(DD).The design...