液压振动下板坯连铸结晶器摩擦力检测实验研究

结晶器和铸坯之间的润滑与摩擦行为是影响连铸坯质量及生产效率的重要因素.基于宝钢板坯连铸试验平台,开展了液压振动下的结晶器摩擦力检测实验研究.通过检测不同振动参数下,冷态和拉坯时振动系统输出力的变化情况,计算出结晶器与铸坯间摩擦阻力.分析了摩擦力的周期变化行为,讨论了拉坯过程中相关参数的变化特征.为探究结晶器与铸坯间摩擦行为、优化与开发连铸工艺等提供实验基础与技术支持.     

正弦振动结晶器摩擦力与负滑脱参数对比分析

结晶器摩擦力是反映结晶器与铸坯间相互作用、评价保护渣润滑性能的重要参数.由于摩擦力的检测与计算比较复杂,一般通过对振动工艺参数的理论分析来估算结晶器与铸坯间的润滑与摩擦.基于液压振动装置的板坯连铸试验平台,对结晶器摩擦力和振动速度进行了检测实验研究.通过对理论与实测计算结果的对比分析,讨论了结晶器摩擦力状态与负滑脱参数的关系及二者随拉速的变化趋势.该研究在制定适宜的振频-拉速匹配关系、定量理解结晶器与铸坯间的瞬态摩擦行为等方面具有一定的指导作用.     

宽厚板连铸结晶器摩擦行为在线测试与分析

 结晶器/铸坯摩擦行为是影响并决定铸坯表面质量的重要因素。以宽厚板坯连铸结晶器为对象,在线检测基于液压振动装置的结晶器/铸坯摩擦力,测试和分析浇铸温度、铸坯断面、拉速与结晶器振动方式等主要工艺参数对摩擦力的影响,为考察和调控结晶器/铸坯摩擦行为提供试验基础。相同工艺条件下,摩擦力随浇铸温度的升高而降低,随铸坯断面尺寸的增加而增大。正弦、非正弦振动方式与拉速-振频、振幅振动控制模型的合理匹配,能够显著改善高拉速下的结晶器/铸坯摩擦行为,结晶器振动工艺的开发和优化对于充分发挥液压振动装置设备潜力,稳定高拉速下铸坯表面质量具有积极意义。     

板坯连铸结晶器摩擦力周期行为的研究

 结晶器摩擦力是反映连铸生产状况的重要参数,研究结晶器摩擦力的周期行为特点对于理解铸坯与结晶器间的相互作用,评价保护渣的润滑特点有着重要的意义。基于液压振动装置的板坯连铸机,对结晶器摩擦力进行了瞬态检测,分析了结晶器摩擦力的周期行为特点。研究结果表明：在稳定拉坯阶段,结晶器摩擦力在两种振动模式下具有相似的周期变化过程;周期内摩擦力最值的出现位置呈现出一定的规律性和不确定性;开浇阶段摩擦力会在长时间内维持正值且波动剧烈。     

结晶器/铸坯气隙内渣膜润滑行为的数学模拟

建立了连铸保护渣润滑行为的数学模型,对不同连铸工艺参数对结晶器内铸坯摩擦力的影响进行了预测和讨论.结果表明,对于一给定的保护渣,存在一个最佳拉坯速度,低于或高于这一速度都会使摩擦力增大;增大结晶器振动的振幅、频率和结晶器倒锥度,铸坯所受到的摩擦力增大.     

高拉速连铸结晶器非正弦振动同步控制模型

 结晶器非正弦振动是实施高拉速连铸和提高铸坯质量的关键技术。提出了结晶器非正弦振动波形及振动工艺参数的确定方法和基本参数的选取原则,并结合高拉速连铸机的特点,分析了振动基本参数对工艺参数的影响规律,建立了拉速与振动基本参数间的同步控制关系,为改善工艺参数、最大限度地发挥非正弦振动技术优势、满足高效连铸生产要求提供了依据和指导。     

高拉速连铸结晶器振动参数对板坯表面裂纹形成的影响

 结晶器振动导致初凝坯壳受力和变形是产生铸坯表面裂纹的主要原因。通过计算2.0 m/min拉速时弯月面区最大液体摩擦力和最大渣道动态压力,分析了高拉速下结晶器振动参数变化对板坯表面纵裂纹和横裂纹形成的影响,并结合振动参数对结晶器润滑和振动状态的影响,阐明减少表面裂纹的振动参数控制措施。研究结果表明：提高振频和振幅均增大铸坯表面裂纹形成的可能,振频影响强于振幅;增大非正弦振动因子降低了坯壳撕裂可能性,且对润滑有利,但使振痕加深,振动冲击加剧;适当降低振频,增大振幅和非正弦振动因子可抑制表面裂纹形成。     

南钢方坯连铸结晶器振动参数优化的研究

针对南钢方坯连铸在拉速提高后,振动参数在保持原模式条件下,低拉速范围结晶器导前偏大,结晶器与铸坯间的机械作用力大;高拉速下负滑脱时间偏小,保护渣耗量低,造成铸坯振痕弯曲、外凸、严重时出现钩形振痕现象的特点,对结晶器振动参数进行了优化。实践表明,采用优化的振动参数,提高了铸坯的润滑,降低了拉坯阻力,消除了钩形振痕,振痕恢复至正常圆角凹陷形。     

连铸结晶器摩擦力的研究现状

 结晶器内部发生的热力综合作用是影响并制约连铸生产过程的主要因素，铸坯与结晶器之间的摩擦及润滑行为对铸坯质量及生产效率有着重要的影响。综述了结晶器摩擦力计算的研究现状，简要介绍了国内外就摩擦力在线监测研究方面所取得的研究成果，并对结晶器热力联合在线监控技术进行了展望。     

连铸结晶器瞬态摩擦阻力的实验研究

应用连铸结晶器凝固综合模拟装置,研究了结晶器瞬态摩擦阻力随结晶器振动的变化规律。结果显示在结晶器上部,连铸坯与结晶器之间以粘性摩擦为主,摩擦阻力的变化规律与结晶器振动的速度波形一致。应用结晶器非正弦振动,在保证负滑动期间对初始凝壳的压缩作用的同时,可以大幅度降低正滑动期间的结晶器摩擦阻力。这对防止高速连铸初始坯壳的拉裂、提高拉坯速度有重要意义。     

Friction Forces between Mould and Strand Shell during Billet Casting

During continuous casting processes lubrication between mould and strand shell is very important for reaching and maintaining a good surface quality of both the as‐cast strand and the finished product. The lubrication is influenced by the properties of the mould powder but also by the friction forces caused by the periodic movements of mould and the descending strand shell. In the present research measurements were carried out to investigate the friction forces during 150 mm sq. billet casting of different steel grades using mould powder or granules and submerged entry nozzles. The friction forces reached values up to 6 kN. Since friction forces are depending on upward and downward movements within the mould‐strand‐system, the evaluation of a rheogram shows the typical change of pressure and tension. Maximum friction forces arise during the positive strip time of the rising mould, introducing tensions and cracks in the as‐cast strand. On the other hand lowest frictions forces are generated by the descending mould within the negative strip time leading to the healing of faults in the as‐cast strand. These industrial experiments indicate a correlation between friction forces and surface quality of as‐cast strands.     

Experimental research on effect of control model on lubrication for slab continuous casting mould

Abstract

In casting the control model relation between casting speed and frequency plays an important role in the optimisation of process parameters and the improvement of lubrication condition. The mould friction between mould and strand can directly describe the powder lubrication situation in a mould. In the present research, based on the slab continuous caster equipped with hydraulic oscillators, the transient friction forces were obtained by the differences between the monitored driving forces of casting and the calculated driving forces of no casting at same oscillation parameters. According to the trends of friction force with different control models, the characteristics and disadvantages of the traditional positive control model, and the improved positive control model and the inverse control model are discussed. This experimental study contributes to studying the frictional behaviour in mould under different control models, as well as selecting reasonable control model for high speed continuous casing.     

Mould lubrication and friction behaviour with hydraulic oscillators in slab continuous casting

Abstract

It is very important to obtain reliable lubrication from casting powder both at the meniscus and in the gap between strand and mould as it affects slab surface quality and caster productivity. With knowledge of mould friction, a quantitative insight into the behaviour of powder during caster operation is possible. In the present research, the friction was studied based on a slab continuous caster equipped with hydraulic oscillators. The effects of mould oscillation and the abrupt change of casting speed on mould friction force were evaluated, and the characteristics of lubrication behaviour in a casting sequence were investigated. In particular, a comparison between the mould friction force between sinusoidal oscillation mode and non-sinusoidal oscillation mode was made. Finally, the characteristics of friction before a breakout are discussed. The experimental and analytical results may contribute to the development of mould friction online measurement and more clearly learn the lubrication behaviour in different conditions.     

Investigation of Friction Force between Mould and Strand Shell under Sinusoidal and Non‐sinusoidal Oscillation in Continuous Slab Casting

Friction force is an important parameter to evaluate powder lubrication and reflect the interaction between mould and strand shell. A non‐sinusoidal oscillation pattern emerges under high speed continuous casting, the characteristic of which is that the time of upward motion is longer than that of the downward motion within one cycle. In the present research experiments were performed on a slab continuous caster with a strand size of 1000 mm ×120 mm. The friction forces of sinusoidal and non‐sinusoidal oscillation under the same parameters were calculated and comparatively analysed. The results show that the friction forces of both oscillation patterns approximately change along with velocity, and present a trend to a trapezoid wave, but there is a phase difference between the friction force and relative velocity. Compared with sinusoidal oscillation, the non‐sinusoidal oscillation pattern exhibits some important advantages as follows; the maximal and average compressive forces and the compressive force work acting on the strand shell are all higher, the maximal tension is lower, and the actual amount of negative strip is higher. These advantages effect better healing of surface cracks and strand demoulds, and reduce the generation and expansion of cracks, consequently improve the surface quality.     

Optimization of Oscillation Model for Slab Continuous Casting Mould Based on Mould Friction Measurements in Plant Trial

Lubrication and friction between the mould and strand are strongly influenced by mould oscillation, and play an important role in slab quality and operating safety during continuous casting processes. Investigation of mould oscillation is therefore essential for getting a better online control of the mould processes. A feasible approach for the development and optimization of mould oscillation was put forward, which combined online measurement of mould friction, design of negative oscillating parameters and evaluation for powder consumption. Three different control models including sinusoidal and non-sinusoidal oscillation for mould oscillations were developed to investigate and evaluate the effects of oscillation on mould friction and powder lubrication. For the purpose of investigating mould friction between mould and strand, online measurement was carried out on a slab continuous caster equipped with a hydraulic oscillator. Also the comparison of the mould friction in sinusoidal and non-sinusoidal mould oscillation was made for subsequent analysis. The industrial experiment result shows that the combination of inverse control model and non-sinusoidal oscillation mode will contribute to the proper powder consumption, leading to a suitable effect of friction force on strand surface, especially for high speed continuous casting. The proposed method provides reliable basis for guiding and optimizing mould oscillation among control models, sinusoidal oscillation and non-sinusoidal oscillation.     

Online Measurement for Transient Mold Friction Based on the Hydraulic Oscillators of Continuous-Casting Mold

The interaction of the strand shell surface and mold copper plates has significant effects on the slab surface quality and casting productivity. This article focuses on developing a reliable approach to measure the transient friction force between the slab and the mold for the purpose of the investigation of lubrication and friction behavior inside a mold. This method is presented to monitor transient mold frictions for the slab continuous caster equipped with hydraulic oscillators. A mathematical model is also developed to calculate the empty working force of the no casting state, and a new algorithm, based on the particle swarm optimization, is proposed to predict the dynamic characteristic parameters of mold oscillation. The results have shown that the method has a sufficient sensitivity to variation, especially to the periodical variation of the mold friction, and it has been identified that the transient mold friction can be used as an effective index with regard to detecting mold oscillation and optimizing the casting parameters for process control. It may lay the practical foundation for the online detection of powder lubrication and the visualization of the continuous-casting mold process.     

板坯结晶器钢液流动传热和摩擦行为的数值模拟

结晶器摩擦力对连铸顺行非常重要,而钢液流动行为会影响铸坯温度场和保护渣分布,可能对铸坯摩擦力产生一定的影响.利用Fluent软件建立结晶器内钢液流动、传热三维数学模型,并将温度场数据导入Ansys计算铸坯应变,然后根据铸坯-保护渣-结晶器摩擦行为数学模型讨论了渣膜润滑情况,对比了不同水口底部形状下结晶器内液态、固态和总摩擦力.结果表明:不考虑水口射流时结晶器总摩擦力比考虑水口时增大约29.4％;浸入式水口底部形状分别为凸底、平底和凹底3种情况下铸坯窄面中心温度依次降低,凝固壳厚度依次增大,固态摩擦力依次增大,总摩擦力依次增大,液态摩擦力相差较小.     

Investigations on the Transient Mould Friction Force in Slab Continuous Casting based on Fast Fourier Transformation

In continuous casting, the friction forces in the mould reflect the lubrication between the mould and slab, moreover, they affect the slab surface quality and caster productivity. In the present research the friction force is calculated by measuring the difference of working forces during HOT and COLD tests, which are carried out on the slab continuous caster equipped with hydraulic oscillators. Through analysing the mould friction using the Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) method, the effects of mould oscillation mode and casting speed on the mould friction force are evaluated. The characteristics of the friction signal in the frequency domain are also investigated. Especially, the characteristics of friction force fluctuations before breakouts are discussed. The experimental and analytical results may contribute to more clearly understand the transient lubrication behaviour not only in the time domain but also in the frequency domain, which is also useful for the application of FFT in data analysis of mould processes.