生物强化活性炭滤床处理造纸过程水的参数优化研究

通过模型试验考察了生物强化活性炭工艺对造纸过程水除污染效能的影响因素。结果表明:温度降低对生物活性炭去除造纸过程水中的悬浮物、胶体物质和溶解性有机物有较大影响,温度为35℃时,生物活性炭对浊度、UV280吸光度的下降率分别为78.9%和79.2%;生物活性炭工艺采用底部曝气与顶部曝气运行方式对浊度、UV280吸光度、电导率的降低影响不大,但采用两种曝气运行方式的生物活性炭工艺对浊度和UV280吸光度下降率均高于无曝气时生物活性炭的下降率;试验表明空床接触时间为24 min时,生物活性炭工艺对造纸过程水中污染物质的去除能力明显。     

生物强化活性炭滤床深度处理造纸过程水的实验研究

以生物活性炭滤床装置对某造纸集团造纸过程水溶解氧气浮池出水的上清液进行回用深度处理试验。经过近100d运行的试验结果表明:在装置稳定运行时,生物活性炭工艺对造纸过程水的浊度、UV280、电导率的去除率达分别达到77.6%、78.1%、45.7%,出水浊度、UV280、电导率分别低至2.3NTU、0.7、1850μs/cm,证明生物活性炭滤床工艺在造纸过程水回用深度处理中能取得较好的处理效果。     

新闻纸造纸过程水回用处理工艺初探(Ⅰ)--絮凝处理工艺参数的优化研究

本文根据絮凝基本理论知识,以我国南方某造纸厂造纸车间DAF出口处的过程水作为试验原水进行了絮凝预处理试验.结果表明:在一定试验条件下,当混合药剂(PAC PAM)的投加量为(2 0.5)mg/L时,对浊度较低的造纸过程水,其浊度去除率达到43.65%以上,絮凝处理后的出水浊度在12NTU左右,且处理时原水的pH值不需要调整,为后续的处理打下了良好基础.     

pH值对海水混凝处理过程中絮凝效能的影响

以海水为试验对象,协同使用天然高分子絮凝剂壳聚糖(CTS)与无机絮凝剂FeCl3,通过烧杯试验,考察pH值对浊度等污染物去除效果的影响。试验结果表明:pH值对混凝效果有较大影响,污染物最佳去除效果的pH值范围并不同步。在pH=7.0～9.0时,浊度和CODMn去除率最高;而TP和UV254去除率随pH值的升高而呈下降趋势。相对于海水(pH≈7.5)而言,降低pH值,可以使UV254,总磷(TP)的去除率分别提高6.1%1,6.5%;升高pH值,化学需氧量(CODMn)去除率可提高4.4%,因此调节pH值是一种经济有效的强化混凝手段。     

矿井污水在不同工艺下的出水浊度去除率分析

某公司2个矿井污水处理站均采用三级处理工艺处理矿井污水。本文通过将2个矿井污水处理站连续监测14 d的出水浊度值进行对比,得出以下结论：A矿矿井污水处理站二级处理工艺出水浊度值在0.40～3.00 NTU之间,三级处理工艺出水浊度值较平稳地维持在0.05～0.10 NTU之间,其三级处理工艺出水浊度去除率均达到90%以上;B矿矿井污水处理站的二级、三级处理工艺出水浊度值在1.00～2.00 NTU左右,二三级处理工艺出水浊度值变化差值较小,故三级处理出水浊度去除率较低,最低至4.59%。     

聚醚酮膜超滤深度处理造纸过程水的试验

对聚醚酮膜超滤法深度处理造纸过程水进行了试验研究。结果表明,超滤操作条件为:压力0.25MPa,水温30℃,搅拌速度60r·min-1时,聚醚酮超滤膜(PEK-20000)超滤出水的浊度为0.153NTU,UV280为1.17,去除率分别为96.8%和63.4%,满足造纸过程水回用对悬浮物和胶体物质的要求,且膜通量较高,为92.3L·(m2·h)-1。     

棉织物"UV特"整理工艺

"UV特"织物具有显著屏蔽UVB(波长280～310nm)辐射的功能.介绍了"UV特"织物的加工工艺、工艺参数和主要试制关键.试验结果表明,经抗紫外整理后,棉织物的透射比明显下降,其下降率达70%～90%,且具有耐洗性.     

复合铁镁絮凝剂制备及海水净化试验研究

氧化法制备聚合硫酸铁镁絮凝剂(PFMS),对PFMS的结构和Fe(Ⅲ)活性分布进行分析,并将PFMS用于近岸海水净化处理,考察了投药量、海水pH值对絮凝效果的影响,并与自制聚合硫酸铁絮凝剂(PFS)进行对比。试验结果表明,PFMS在制备过程中生成了新的聚合物形态,能有效去除污染物;对海水中浊度、UV254去除率可分别达到95%和52%;PFMS对pH值有较宽的适用范围,但在酸性条件下,更利于UV254的去除;PFMS处理海水的絮凝效果优于PFS。     

新产品、新技术

造纸工艺中检测可溶性胶黏物的方法介绍了一种检测造纸过程中纸浆、过程水和废水中的可溶性胶黏物的方法。该方法包括以下几步:a)提取纸浆、过程水或废水中的馏分;b)检测该馏分的浊度得到第一浊度值;c)检测完浊度后,降低该水的pH值至一特定值;d)测定特定pH值条件下该水的浊度作为第二浊度值;e)计算前述两个浊度值之间的差额,该差额和纸浆、过程水及废水中的可溶性胶黏物含量相关。另外,还包括一种去除造纸工艺中可溶性胶黏物的方法。酶产品DIVERSA公司开发出了LUMINASE酶,该产品能够100%生物降解,把它用到制浆造纸中,能提高浆料质量…     

染整用水的处理工艺及应用

利用临近河水资源通过处理，可大大降低生产成本。阐述印染用水浊度、色度、pH值、硬度、铁锰离子、耗氧量和总固体等指标对染色的影响，介绍河水处理的解决方案和染色用水常用处理工艺流程。     

Chemical profiles and hypoglycemic activities of mulberry leaf extracts vary with ethanol concentration

Collagen is an abundant extracellular matrix protein that is widely used in the biomaterial, food, and medical fields. Most extracted collagen is soluble in acids and assembles into fibrils under neutral pH conditions. In order to study the effect of UV irradiation on the stability of collagen with consideration of hydratation and fibrillogenesis, UV irradiation of collagen under acid and neutral pH conditions was investigated using electrophoresis, turbidity analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The relationship between the collagen structure and sensitivity to UV radiation was assessed by studying the effect of UV on collagen under different pH conditions. Results showed that structural changes in collagen caused by UV depend on the degree of hydratation. Soluble collagen completely loses fibrillogeneic ability after exposure to UV for 40 min. Fibrillogenesis of collagen can relieve the UV effect to some degree.     

大豆中生物物质的分离与分析的研究（Ⅱ）──紫外分光光度法测定大豆中总皂苷

本文用紫外分光光度法测定大豆粉中的总皂苷。样品经脱脂、甲醇提取、正丁醇萃取分离后，在２８０ｎｍ处测定硫酸水解物的吸光度。实验表明，本法的回收率为９５～９９％。四次测定结果的相对标准偏差为６．６％。     

应用硅胶提高啤酒保质期的试验

论述了硅胶的特性,对亮爽Ｂ２８０硅胶的过滤性能以及改进啤酒光泽和浊度、提高保质期等方面进行了试验。结果表明,Ｂ２８０硅胶添加量３００ｇ／ｍ＾３啤酒,过滤时进出口压差仅为０．０４ＭＰａ,过滤性能好;啤酒清亮度和泡持性提高,两个月后,啤酒仍保持清亮。     

Photochemical behaviour of hydrolysed keratin

An investigation into the influence of UV irradiation on keratin hydrolysates was carried out using UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and fluorescence spectroscopy. It was found that the absorption of keratin hydrolysates in solution increased during irradiation of the sample, most notably between 250-280 and 320-410 nm. The increase in absorbance in the region 320-410 was because of the new photoproducts formed during UV irradiation of keratin hydrolysates. The fluorescence of keratin hydrolysates was observed at 328 nm after excitation at 270 nm. UV irradiation caused fluorescence fading at 328 nm, and after 60 min of irradiation, a new broad weak band of fluorescence, attributable to new photoproducts, emerged in the UV wavelength region with emission maximum between 400 and 500 nm. FTIR spectroscopy results showed degradation of keratin under UV irradiation. A slight increase in oxidized sulphur species was also observed. The results obtained suggest that UV irradiation can be used as modifying agent for preparation of keratin hydrolysates for cosmetic applications.     

纳米ZnO整理对蚕丝织物抗紫外线性能的影响

为提高蚕丝织物防紫外线性能,采用钛酸酯偶联剂制备纳米ZnO水溶胶,对织物进行防紫外线整理。使用Lambda900紫外分光光度计,测试波长280～400 nm范围的紫外线透过率,以织物的紫外线透过率和UPF值作为其防紫外线性能的评价指标,采用正交试验设计方法,探讨纳米ZnO整理蚕丝织物的最优整理工艺。试验结果表明：纳米ZnO质量浓度对整理后织物的UPF值影响最大,其次是偶联剂质量浓度、超声振荡时间。优化工艺条件为：纳米ZnO质量浓度18 g／L、偶联剂质量浓度12 g／L、超声分散时间20 min。整理前后织物的平均紫外线透过率由27?09％降低到2?46％,UPF值从2?624增加到35?428;纳米ZnO整理织物具有较优的抗紫外线持久性。     

Investigation of TiO2 nanoparticle efficiency on decolourisation of industrial date syrup

The TiO₂ nanoparticle photocatalyst was used to decolourise industrial date syrup. The effect of TiO₂ concentration (1 and 4% w/v), UV power (15 and 30 w) and processing time (12 and 48 h) on date syrup characteristics was investigated using a factorial design. The colour, turbidity, sugar content, total phenolic compounds, ash content and mineral (K, Na, Ca, Mg and Fe) of date syrup were analysed. The results demonstrated that using TiO₂ nanoparticle as a photocatalyst for the decolourisation of date syrup is an effective and promising method. Colour in all treatments was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced between 30 and 53% in comparison with the initial date syrup (491 000 IU), and the reduction was even higher for date syrup turbidity (between 47 and 75%). The result showed that the process condition significantly affected the colour and turbidity reduction. On the basis of the result, the best treatment was TiO₂ 4%, 15 w and 48 h. Under this condition, date syrup colour, turbidity, ash content, sugar content reduced by 52%, 61%, 13% and 9%, respectively.     

Spectral sensitivity of Bacillus subtilis spores and MS2 coliphage for validation testing of ultraviolet reactors for water disinfection

The microbicidal UV fluence under polychromatic radiation from UV lamps is typically measured using the DNA absorbance spectrum as a weighting factor for the relative wavelength effectiveness. However, this DNA-based weighting does not necessarily match the spectral sensitivity of the microorganism being tested. Bacillus subtilis spores are often used for UV reactor validation in Europe, while MS2 coliphage is typically used for validation testing in the United States. These organisms were exposed to quasi-monochromatic UV irradiation across the microbicidal spectrum at wavelengths of 214, 230, 240, 254, 265, 280, and 293 nm. MS2 was three times more sensitive to wavelengths near 214 nm compared to the 254 nm output of low-pressure lamps, while B. subtilis spores were most sensitive to wavelengths around 265 nm. Use of these action spectra, compared to the DNA-based weighting, resulted in differences in the calculated polychromatic UV fluence. Consequently, the action spectrum, which is specific for each microorganism, has implications on the uncertainty of UV fluence determination during validation of reactors with polychromatic UV lamps.     

Decontamination of irrigation water using a combined sand filtration and UV-C light treatment

Surface irrigation water is a food safety risk due to susceptibility to contamination and varying turbidity that affects chlorination efficacy. Effectiveness of a combined high-throughput, commercially available sand filter and UV-C system to inactivate Escherichia coli (K12, and attenuated O157:H7) in simulated irrigation water of varying turbidity and actual irrigation water was investigated. Sand filtration reduced the water turbidity from ~600 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU) to ~200 NTU but did not effectively filter out E. coli (K12) [<1 log colony forming units (CFU)/ml]. UV-C-induced inactivation of E. coli (attenuated O157:H7) was modeled for various levels of turbidity (0–500 NTU), and the relationship between the D value for inactivation and turbidity was found to be linear (R² > .97). Predicted UV treatment time to achieve 5 log reduction in water with turbidities of 100 and 300 NTU was 110 and 370 s, respectively. Validation performed with irrigation water (turbidity of 330 ± 82 NTU) showed that sand filtration reduced turbidity to 180 ± 57 NTU. Based on this, the duration of UV treatment required for 5 log reduction of E. coli O157:H7 was calculated (average of 237 s). Observed levels of inactivation, 4.7 ± 0.31 log CFU/ml, were not significantly different (p > .05) from the predicted level, 5 log CFU/ml, indicating a good model fit.     

发酵工艺对食醋浑浊影响的研究

食醋浑浊与沉淀严重影响了食醋的商品性。该文对改良发酵工艺控制食醋浑浊与沉淀进行了研究。试验表明：黑曲霉用量2．5％，糖化与酒精发酵180h，后熟9d，可以大幅度减少食醋浑浊与沉淀。     

Simultaneous determination of phenolic compounds and tocopherols in virgin olive oil using HPLC and UV detection

A simple procedure is described for the simultaneous extraction and HPLC determination of phenols and tocopherols in virgin olive oil. The extraction was carried out using methanol and an isopropanol- methanol mixture. Separation was achieved on a reversed phase C₁₈ column with acetic acid/water-methanol-acetonitrile-isopropanol mixture under gradient elution. Detection was accomplished with UV detection at λ=280 nm. Using this method, simple and complex phenols as well as α-tocopherol can be determined in one run. Phenolic compounds were totally extracted whereas an average recovery of 80% was achieved for α-tocopherol. Validation of method is reported for olive oil samples with varying concentrations of α-tocopherol and phenolic compounds.