乙醇电氧化的研究进展

简要地叙述了国内外乙醇电催化氧化的研究进展，着重介绍不同电极材料对乙醇电氧化的影响及目前所提山的机理，并对其可能的研究方向提出了建议。     

Nd修饰的PtSn/C催化剂对乙醇的电催化氧化性能

利用浸渍还原法,以甲酸为还原剂制备了PtSnNd/C和PtSn/C纳米催化剂。XRD测量了催化剂的粒径和晶格参数,循环伏安法和计时电流法测试了催化剂对乙醇的催化氧化性能。结果表明,添加Nd可以明显提高PtSn/C催化剂对乙醇的电催化氧化活性,峰电流密度增大了86%。     

直接乙醇燃料电池中阳极催化剂的研究进展

直接乙醇燃料电池（DEFCs）中的阳极催化剂,在电池反应中起着至关重要的作用,但也存在成本高、乙醇的氧化效率低、耐久性差、易中毒等问题,严重阻碍了DEFCs的商业化。本文综述了提高电催化剂性能的有效策略,以期为进一步探索DEFCs提供参考。     

碳载Pt-TiO2对乙醇的电催化氧化

用简单的化学沉积法制备了碳载Pt(Pt/C)和碳载Pt-TiO2(Pt-TiO2/C)催化剂。研究发现无论是25℃还是60℃与Pt/C电极相比,乙醇在Pt-TiO2/C电极上的起始氧化电位及氧化峰电位均比在Pt/C电极上负移。而在中性溶液中,乙醇在Pt-TiO2/C电极上的氧化峰电流密度比并在Pt/C催化剂有一定程度的增大。     

乙醇在SnO2掺杂的TiO2-Pt复合纳米催化剂上的电催化氧化

通过溶胶凝胶和电沉积法制备了SnO₂掺杂的钛基纳米TiO₂-Pt（nano-TiO₂-Pt）复合纳米催化剂。XRD和SEM的研究结果表明,SnO₂的掺杂改变了TiO₂的结构。通过对它们的电化学性质的比较发现,SnO₂的掺杂使nano-TiO₂-Pt复合纳米催化剂的电化学活性表面积增加,常温常压下对乙醇的电化学氧化电位负移,氧化能力明显提高。     

高性能PtNi合金催化剂构筑及其对甲醇电催化

以多壁碳纳米管（CNTs）为载体，H2PtCl6·6H2O为铂源、Ni(NO3)2·6H2O为镍源，硼氢化钠和乙二醇为还原剂，采用一锅法制备了一种PtNi/CNTs合金电催化剂。采用XRD、SEM、TEM、HR-TEM、XPS、ICP-OES和Raman对催化剂结构进行表征。采用循环伏安法（CV）、计时安培法（i-t）和CO溶出曲线法评价了催化剂的电化学活性与稳定性。结果表明，PtNi/CNTs对甲醇电催化氧化（MOR）反应具有优异的电催化性能，峰值电流和稳态电流分别是商业Pt/C的5.89倍和38.97倍，同时，PtNi/CNTs还表现出良好的稳定性，主要归因于碳纳米管独特的结构与双金属合金的协同效应。     

不同方法制备的Pt/C催化剂对乙醇的电催化氧化

选用不同方法制备Pt/C催化剂,运用循环伏安法、线性扫描法和计时电流法来检测乙醇及CO在不同方法制备的Pt/C催化剂上的电催化氧化情况。发现在酸性溶液中方法3制备的Pt/C催化剂对乙醇和COad的电氧化有良好的催化活性。     

电催化氧化技术处理农药废水的研究进展

农药废水因毒性大、污染物浓度高、成分复杂,是工业废水治理的难题之一。电催化氧化作为一种"绿色技术",能将农药废水中大分子难降解的污染物氧化为低毒或稳定的小分子有机物,大幅降低废水的COD,为后续的生化处理创造条件。本文对电催化氧化技术进行了分类,并分别介绍了各技术处理农药废水污染物的原理及研究现状,同时展望了该技术今后的研究方向。     

三种体系制备的Pt-Co/C催化剂阳极电氧化性能研究

本文主要探究在3种体系下制备Pt-Co/C催化剂,分别将这3种体系下制备的Pt-Co/C催化剂与传统的Pt/C催化剂进行性能比较。结果表明:在乙二醇体系下得到的Pt-Co/C催化剂具有更好的效果,比传统的Pt/C催化剂的电催化氧化活性要好。     

电催化氧化处理有机废水阳极材料的研究进展

水体中存在的微量有机污染物对人类及生物的正常生命活动构成了严重威胁,有效去除这些污染物已成为当务之急。电催化氧化技术因具有适应性广,氧化性强,无二次污染,反应迅速,设备及其操作简单等优点而日益成为有机废水处理领域的研究热点。阳极材料是电化学氧化法处理有机废水的关键。文章综述了贵金属电极、碳素电极、钛基金属氧化物电极和合成掺硼金刚石薄层电极等常用阳极材料的性能,并对有机废水电催化氧化阳极材料的发展趋向进行了展望。     

Electrocatalysis for the direct alcohol fuel cell

The basic principles of a direct alcohol fuel cell are first presented. Low temperature fuel cells (working between ambient temperature and 80–120 °C) need improved catalysts to reach performance levels sufficient for practical applications, particularly for the electric vehicle and for portable electronic devices. This is the case of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) and of direct alcohol fuel cells (DAFC) for which the kinetics of the electrochemical reactions involved (oxidation of reformate hydrogen containing some traces of carbon monoxide, oxidation of alcohols, reduction of oxygen) is rather slow. Basic understanding of electrocatalysis is then examined, showing how to increase the reaction rate both by the nature and the structure of the catalytic electrode and by the electrode potential. Finally the most used Pt-based electrocatalysts to activate the electrode reactions occurring in a direct ethanol fuel cell (DEFC) are discussed on the basis of electrochemical, spectro-electrochemical and fuel cell experiments.     

A Study on Process Parameters of Direct Ethanol Fuel Cell

Ethanol is one of the promising future fuels of Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells (DAFC). The electro‐oxidation of ethanol fuel on anode made of carbon‐supported Pt‐Ru electrode catalysts was carried out in a lab scale direct ethanol fuel cell (DEFC). Cathode used was Pt‐black high surface area. The membrane electrode assembly (MEA) was prepared by sandwiching the solid polymer electrolyte membrane, prepared from Nafion^® (SE‐5112, DuPont USA) dispersion, between the anode and cathode. The DEFC was fabricated using the MEA and tested at different catalyst loadings at the electrodes, temperatures and ethanol concentrations. The maximum power density of DEFC for optimized value of ethanol concentration, catalyst loading and temperature were determined. The maximum open circuit voltage (OCV) of 0.815 V, short circuit current density (SCCD) of 27.90 mA/cm² and power density of 10.30 mW/cm² were obtained for anode (Pt‐Ru/C) and cathode (Pt‐black) loading of 1 mg/cm² at a temperature of 90°C anode and 60°C cathode for 2M ethanol.     

纳米TiO2-Pt修饰电极上甲醇的电催化氧化研究

用电化学法合成前驱体Ti(OEt)4,经直接水解法制备纳米TiO2膜,通过直接在纳米TiO2膜上电沉积Pt微粒得到纳米TiO2 Pt复合催化电极。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)分析结果表明,纳米TiO2的晶形为锐钛矿型,粒径约30nm,电沉积纳米Pt粒子(平均粒径约60nm)均匀地分散在纳米TiO2膜表面。循环伏安和计时电位测试表明,纳米TiO2 Pt修饰电极对甲醇的电氧化具有高催化活性和稳定性,Pt载量为0 68mg/cm2时,室温下甲醇氧化电流达到190mA/cm2,是纯Pt电极上的7 6倍。     

Electrocatalytic oxidation of aliphatic alcohols: Application to the direct alcohol fuel cell (DAFC)

The electrooxidation of some low molecular weight alcohols, such as ethanol, ethylene glycol and n-propanol, is discussed in terms of reaction mechanisms and catalytic activity of the anode material. Some examples of a single cell, using a proton exchange membrane (PEM) as electrolyte, are given to illustrate interesting results, particularly for the direct electrooxidation of ethanol. This alcohol may replace methanol in a direct alcohol fuel cell.     

Ni-Cr-Co氧化物纳米催化剂对甲醇阳极氧化的电催化性能研究

采用了热分解法合成Ni-Cr-Co氧化物纳米粒子,并用作直接甲醇燃料电池(DMFC)的阳极电催化剂。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对催化剂进行表征,制得的纳米催化剂均匀分散,且粒径为25~50 nm。利用循环伏安法(CV)对不同金属摩尔比和焙烧温度下的催化剂在甲醇氧化反应中的活性进行了研究。结果表明,Ni-Cr-Co(摩尔比为1∶1∶1.5)的纳米氧化物对甲醇氧化反应的起始电位、峰值氧化电流密度和If/Ib分别为0.38 V,19.3 mA/cm2和1.72,表现了很好的电催化性能。     

Investigation of Ti mesh-supported anodes for direct borohydride fuel cells

The use of titanium mesh-supported gold and silver anodes in direct borohydride fuel cells (DBFCs) is reported. The anodes were prepared by either thermal decomposition or electrochemical deposition and were characterised by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses. The performance of the mesh electrodes was compared with that for carbon-supported electrodes. The mesh anodes gave current densities, for borohydride oxidation, up to 50% greater and cell power densities up to 20% greater than those obtained with carbon-supported anodes. The effects of catalyst loading and fuel cell operating conditions are also reported. Electrode stability was examined over a prolonged period.     

甲醇氧化电催化剂Pt、Ru和PtRu的性能研究

应用恒电位沉积法制得Pt、Ru和PtRu直接甲醇燃料电池阳极催化剂,并对三种催化剂的甲醇氧化活性和稳定性进行了考察。动电位和恒电位实验结果均表明,Ru的加入使PtRu的甲醇起始氧化电位相对于Pt催化剂负移,催化活性和稳定性得到明显的改善。     

Pt基直接乙醇燃料电池阳极催化剂的性能研究

采用水热法制备了高分散碳载Pt/C和Pt-SnOJC电催化剂.采用XRD、SEM、TEM和激光粒度仪等方法对制得的纳米催化剂进行了表面微观结构分析.采用电化学工作站测试循环伏安曲线(CV)等表征Pt/C和Pt-SnO2/C纳米催化剂电催化活性.测试结果表明,Pt-SnO2/C纳米催化剂的峰电流密度(131.05 mA·cm-2)是Pt/C催化剂的峰电流密度(65.48 mA·cm-2)的2倍;Pt-SnO2/C催化的电化学表面积(108.4 m2·g-1)远高于Pt/C催化剂的电化学表面积(99.14 m2· g-1);Pt-SnO2/C纳米粒子比Pt/C纳米粒子具有更强的抗CO中毒能力和更高的电催化活性.