漂浮基双臂空间机器人系统的模糊神经网络自学习控制

讨论了载体位置、姿态均不受控制的情况下自由漂浮双臂空间机器人系统的高斯基模糊神经网络自 学习控制问题．此类空间机器人系统严格遵守动量守恒和角动量守恒,所以其动力学方程表现出强烈的非线性性 质．将神经网络与模糊控制相结合,即利用神经网络进行模糊推理, 可使模糊控制具有自学习能力．在此基础上, 设计了双臂空间机器人系统关节空间的高斯基模糊神经网络自学习控制方案．系统的数值仿真证实了该方法的有 效性．     

双臂四自由度空间机器人捕捉未知目标的参数辨识

给出了双臂四自由度空间机器人捕捉未知目标的参数辨识方法．该方法基于线动量和角动量守恒定律,推出了机械臂负载未知目标的新的末端效应器的质量、质心和转动惯量的方程组. 在线测量当机械臂运动时的本体的线速度和角速度,以求得方程组中这些未知的惯性参数．数值试验显示了该方法的有效性．     

基于遗传算法的双臂机器人模糊力/位混合控制

近年来,适用于空间站操作的冗余度双臂机器人系统技术研究得到了较多的重视．结合已有的 研究基础和研究条件,本文开展了面向空间舱内作业的冗余度双臂机器人协调控制应用研究．针对双臂机器 人协调操作过程中的受力问题,提出了一种基于遗传算法的双臂机器人模糊力/位混合控制策略．该方法把机 器人末端的力误差通过模糊控制转变为机器人位置控制器的修正值,在不改变机器人原有位置控制器的前提 下,实现力/位混合控制．利用遗传算法离线优化模糊控制规则,为了提高遗传算法的性能,总体交叉概率和 变异概率都采用了自适应控制策略．最后,以冗余度双臂机器人合力协调搬箱为例,进行了力跟踪的三维仿 真和实验,验证了所提出控制策略的有效性和可靠性．     

基于引力自适应步长RRT的双臂机器人协同路径规划

快速扩展随机树（RRT）方法的步长确定过分依赖于程序调试,而且固定的步长会导致碰撞检测失效问题．针对此问题,本文提出一种适用于双臂机器人协同路径规划的引力自适应步长RRT．首先,通过建立构型空间与工作空间的步长范数不等式,对双臂机器人在工作空间中所产生的步长进行约束,进而确保实现有效的碰撞检测;然后,提出随机树被动生长方法,在保证双臂机器人协同运动的基础上,降低规划空间的维度．最后,在随机树的节点处引入引力函数,加快算法的融合速度．仿真结果表明,引力自适应步长RRT方法可对工作空间中的步长进行有效约束,确保算法碰撞检测的有效性．在无碰撞的前提下,引力自适应步长RRT方法相比于其他算法减少了迭代次数,降低了运行时间并缩短了路径长度．将所提算法应用于双臂机器人的样机实验,结果表明双臂机器人可在保持位置协同的前提下,完成避障运动,验证了算法的可行性．     

松协调下双臂机器人的协作工作空间计算

分析了松协调下双臂机器人的协作工作空间，介绍了一种计算双臂机器人协作工作空间的数值方法。在该方法基础上，利用LINGO软件确定双臂机器人的协作工作空间的界限曲面和极限位置。     

中医按摩机器人双臂推拿过程的避碰控制

讨论了中医按摩机器人的双臂协调运动控制问题.根据机械臂的结构特点,将空间避碰问题转化为平面内的避碰问题,对按摩机器人双臂推拿过程中可能发生的碰撞情况进行了分析.利用平面几何方法,对机器人双臂协调推拿过程进行了避碰规划,设计出一套双臂协调运动控制策略.利用MATLAB对双臂的避碰情况进行了运动学仿真,仿真结果表明本文中设计的方法可以有效的实现双臂在推拿过程中的协调运动.     

灵长类仿生机器人悬臂飞跃运动控制研究

研究了双臂式灵长类仿生机器人的悬臂飞跃运动仿生控制问题.基于角动量守恒原理,针对机器人进行悬臂飞跃时目标点的位置,规划机器人的空中姿态及身体旋转.基于逆运动学分析方法,获得起飞时刻系统位姿,提出了基于分层滑模控制的悬摆姿态控制策略.仿真实验表明所述控制策略可以实现双臂悬摆机器人的悬臂飞跃运动控制.     

基于再生核理论实现多FFSR协调操作动力学控制

基于再生核理论提出了在空间微重力环境下实现多自由飞行空间机器人(FFSR)协调操作的动力学控制方法．针对多个FFSR操作同一目标的情况,对目标期望轨迹进行采样,利用多FFSR协调操作的动力学方程,基于再生核理论实现了多FFSR协调操作的动力学控制．与现有的其它方法相比,该方法不用运动方程描述目标的运动轨迹,而是按照人们的需要控制目标做任意的非线性曲线运动,没有局限性;与多项式插值、样条插值相比,每增加一个节点,逼近误差在索伯列夫范数意义下单调下降;对任意形式加密的节点系,迭代过程一致收敛;公式单一,便于计算机计算．在仿真试验中验证了该方法的有效性．     

基于Vega的双臂空间机器人飞行及捕捉目标的轨迹规划仿真

提出了一种利用Vega来实现双臂空间机器人飞行及捕捉目标的轨迹规划仿真系统．简要介绍了仿真系统的开发环境及其实现方法．该仿真系统在SGI工作站上, 利用Multigen Creator 建模工具和三维视景仿真软件Vega来实现空间机器人本体及被捕捉目标的建模和仿真, 能为机器人的轨迹规划、运动学分析和运动控制的算法设计提供重要信息, 并能对其理论和算法的可行性加以验证．     

双臂空间机器人协调操作运动控制仿真系统的设计与实现

阐述了双臂自由飞行空间机器人闭链式协调操作运动控制实验平台的建立方法。将VC 6.0、OpenGL、Matlab和Matcom四种软件融合起来,搭建FFSR(自由飞行空间机器人)系统实验平台;通过运动控制算法描述了机器人双臂协调操作目标物的动态特性,给出了机器人本体中心的位置姿态和转角的变化曲线,验证了该运动控制算法的正确性,以及编程效率的优越性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.