共凝聚法PSBR改性PVC的研究

试验研究包覆剂和超细碳酸钙对粉末丁苯橡胶（PSBR）粒径分布和PSBR／PVC共混物性能的影响。结果表明，以自制的Coron树脂[苯乙烯-马来酸酐（MA）共聚物，简称SMA]作包覆剂时，PSBR的粒径较小，PSBR／PVC共混物的拉伸强度和缺口冲击强度较大；当超细碳酸钙／丁苯胶乳质量比为3．5／6．5时，包覆剂SMA的适宜用量为0．8份，MA／苯乙烯的适宜质量比为0．56／0．24；当包覆剂SMA用量为0．5份时，加分散剂CH1-A的超细碳酸钙填充的PSBR粒径较小，对PVC的改性效果较好，超细碳酸钙的适宜用量为3．5～4份。     

PVC与纳米碳酸钙复合材料的结构与性能研究

采用拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、冲击强度等力学参数对聚氯乙烯(PVC)/纳米CaCO3复合材料进行评价,并结合热重差示扫描量热仪、扫描电镜对复合材料的热稳定性和断面结构进行表征.结果表明:采用超声分散方法,选用NDZ-311/SG-Al 821复合改性剂改性的纳米CaCO3明显提高了PVC基复合材料的缺口冲击强度、断裂伸长率和热稳定性;当纳米CaCO3填充质量分数达15%时,PVC/纳米CaCO3复合材料的缺口冲击强度达22.34 kJ/m2,比未填充纳米CaCO3的提高了60.5%;当纳米CaCO3填充质量分数不高于20%时,用超声技术改性纳米CaCO3能很好地分散在PVC基体中.     

聚合物包覆对纳米CaCO3在PVC中分散的影响

以偶联改性纳米CaCO3和甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）为原料,原位乳液聚合制得PMMA接枝包覆纳米CaCO3,以其与PVC熔融共混制备复合材料,研究了纳米CaCO3在共混体中的分散和与PVC界面的结合.与未改性纳米CaCO3相比,纳米CaCO3接枝包覆PMMA后,在PVC中的分散性能得到明显改善,粒子被分散得更加细小、均匀.PMMA接枝包覆纳米CaCO3与PVC界面间相容性能最好,比小分子改性CaCO3与PVC间的黏结作用更强.采用PMMA包覆纳米CaCO3粒子改性PVC,比未改性纳米CaCO3改性PVC有更好的冲击性能及拉伸性能.     

添加剂对超细碳酸钙改性聚丙烯的影响研究

研究了β结晶成核剂和交联剂与超细碳酸钙共用时对聚丙烯的改性效果,结果表明,用0 5%β结晶成核剂与10%超细CaCO3改性PP比超细CaCO3改性PP的冲击强度提高125%;当用2%交联剂SJ 1时,在10%含量超细CaCO3下拉伸强度最高;在5%含量超细CaCO3下冲击强度达最高,相比用单一的超细CaCO3改性PP冲击强度提高80%。将包覆聚合物的超细碳酸钙和接枝聚丙烯用于PP改性时,其最佳条件为:填料/包覆聚合物比10∶1,接枝聚丙烯含量10%,复合填料含量7 5%,相比未包覆聚合物的超细CaCO3填充PP的冲击强度提高20%,填料用量增加50%。     

CPE对纳米CaCO3增韧PVC复合材料界面和性能的影响

研究了CaCO3/CPE(氯化聚乙烯)/PVC(聚氯乙烯)纳米复合材料的结构和性能,探讨了CPE对纳米CaCO3/PVC复合材料界面作用和力学性能的影响. SEM结果显示,引入CPE可明显改善纳米CaCO3颗粒在PVC基体中的分散性和相容性,提高其界面作用. 引入界面作用参数定量表征纳米CaCO3颗粒与基体之间的界面结合作用,证实随着CPE加入量的增大,基体和颗粒之间的界面作用逐渐增大. 力学性能研究表明,相对于仅用纳米CaCO3增韧PVC,在CPE加入量为PVC的0~8%(w)范围内,用CPE和纳米CaCO3协同增韧可以更好地提高复合材料的冲击强度. 复合材料的冲击强度在CaCO3/CPE/PVC质量比为25/8/100时达到纯PVC的5.6倍,是纳米CaCO3/PVC(25/100)体系的2倍.     

CaSO_4晶须和重质CaCO_3复合改性PVC的研究

用棒状CaSO4晶须和球状重质CaCO3对聚氯乙烯(PVC)进行改性。结果表明:CaSO4晶须和重质CaCO3的质量比为2:1时,PVC复合材料的性能最佳,冲击强度达到50.8kJ/m2,比纯PVC冲击强度提高了64%。CaSO4晶须和重质CaCO3的质量比为1:1,其总用量为10份时,复合改性PVC的冲击强度明显高于单一改性达,到45.5kJ/m2,比纯PVC提高了46.8%。     

改性超细重质碳酸钙在硬质PVC中的应用

对超细重质CaCO3进行了湿法改性和复合改性,采用红外光谱图对改性后的超细重质CaCO3进行了表征,采用SEM观察了其在PVC基体中的分散情况及试样的冲击断面,测试了其对试样力学性能的影响。结果表明：对超细重质CaCO3进行表面改性后,铝酸酯接枝到了超细重质CaCO3表面,提高了超细重质CaCO3在PVC中的分散性,试样冲击断面存在着大量牵伸结构和拉丝现象,因而提高了试样的拉伸强度和冲击强度（当超细重质CaCO3用量为5份时拉伸强度最高,当超细重质CaCO.用量为15份时冲击强度最高）,且复合改性比湿法改性的效果好。     

NBR改性PVC/nano-CaCO3复合材料的研究

将NBR、PVC及纳米CaCO3熔融复合以增韧PVC/纳米CaCO3复合材料.研究了复合材料的力学性能、流变性能、热性能及微观形态.结果显示NBR对PVC/纳米CaCO3具有增韧效果,材料的断裂伸长率明显增大,PVC/NBR/nano-CaCO3为100/12/8时冲击强度最大,达到了30kJ/m2,比对应的单独纳米CaCO3增韧的PVC提高了大约27%.NBR能降低PVC/CaCO3复合材料的熔体黏度,复合材料加工性能改善.同时NBR的加入使得复合材料的玻璃化转变温度降低,热稳定性变差.扫描电镜照片显示,PVC/NBR/nano-CaCO3为100/12/8时,NBR的加入提高了CaCO3的纳米级分散程度,冲击断面出现了纤维状形变,使得复合材料的冲击强度提高.     

PVC/CaCO3复合材料的结构与性能研究

研究了表面改性微米重质CaCO3填充的聚氯乙烯（PVC）树脂所得PVC／CaCO3复合材料的结构和热力学与机械性能。结果表明，改性微米重质CaCO3的填充能明显提高PVC基复合材料的缺口冲击强度和维卡软化温度。当填充质量分数20％的改性微米重质CaCO3后，PVC／CaCO3复合材料的冲击强度为20．92kJ／m^2，比未加微米重质CaCO3的提高了49．9％。扫描电镜（SEM）观察复合材料的表面形态，发现拉伸断面有拉丝现象。热失重-差示扫描量热分析发现，微米重质CaCO3对PVC基复合材料分解有一定的抑制作用。     

有机蒙脱土/BS乳液接枝改性制备粉末橡胶及在PVC中的应用

在丁苯（BS）乳液插层有机蒙脱土（OMT）过程中加入一定量的甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）和二乙烯苯（DVB）进行反应制得接枝丁苯乳液（MMA—g—BS）,破乳后制得改性粉末丁苯胶（m-PSBR）,以质量分数为15％的OMT、25％MMA和1.2％DVB制得的m-PSBR粒径小于1mm．m—PSBR的热分解温度比粉末丁苯有明显提高。用该方法制得m—PSBR,用量为聚氯乙烯20％,共混制得m-PSBR／PVC复合材料,其拉伸强度比丁苯／OMT制得的粉末橡胶与聚氯乙烯的复合材料提高了25％、冲击强度提高了150％。     

Reinforcement of natural rubber latex film by ultrafine calcium carbonate

Using ultrafine calcium carbonate to reinforce natural rubber latex film, the effect of its content on latex properties such as surface tension, viscosity, mechanical stability, and heat stability and the physical properties of latex film before and after aging such as tear strength, modulus, and tensile strength were investigated. The results showed that the surface tension of natural rubber latex reinforced by ultrafine calcium carbonate only changed slightly; when the content of calcium carbonate was less than 20%, the change of viscosity was not obvious, but when the content was greater than 20%, the viscosity significantly lowered. Ultrafine calcium carbonate could effectively improve the tear strength, tensile strength, and modulus of the natural rubber latex film. The modulus increased with the increment of the calcium carbonate. When the content of calcium carbonate was less than 15%, the tear strength and tensile strength increased with the increments of calcium carbonate, but when the content was greater than 15%, the above‐mentioned properties decreased with the increment of calcium carbonate. By comprehensive consideration, the best reinforcing effect was obtained at a content of 15% ultrafine calcium carbonate. The particle diameters of calcium carbonate and their distribution in the calcium carbonate emulsion and in the rubber film were analyzed with SEM and a laser particle size tester, which showed that the distribution of calcium carbonate in the latex film was even and that it could effectively reinforce natural rubber latex film. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 982–985, 2003     

丁苯胶乳的包覆凝聚粉末化

以自制的阴离子表面活性剂（Ｃｏｒｏｎ树脂）为包覆剂，对丁苯胶乳粒子进行包覆，通过凝聚法制得粒径不大于１ｍｍ、外观白色、颗粒均匀的粉末丁苯橡胶。研究了Ｃｏｒｏｎ树脂用量、隔离剂用量、凝聚温度、搅拌速度及干燥条件对粉末粒径及抗粘结性能的影响，找到了最佳的工艺条件。借助透射电镜观察了粉末粒子的形态，提出了粉末化机理。     

超细丁苯粉末橡胶增韧聚丙烯的研究

采用一种新型超细丁苯粉末橡胶增韧聚丙烯(PP) ,考察了丁苯粉末橡胶用量、相容剂的种类及用量对PP性能的影响;观察了丁苯粉末橡胶在PP中的分散状态,研究了丁苯粉末橡胶对PP结晶性能的影响。结果表明:超细丁苯粉末橡胶的加入能够显著提高聚丙烯的韧性;加入相容剂B后的增韧效果更好;相容剂与超细丁苯粉末橡胶在PP中具有包藏结构;复合有成核剂的超细丁苯粉末橡胶比相容剂B有更明显的成核作用,可提高PP的结晶度,从而使PP的刚性和耐热性提高。少量相容剂B与之复合后,仍可保持这种较强的成核能力。     

粉状填充剂对橡胶复合材料拉断伸长率的影响

以不同粒径的氢氧化镁、轻质碳酸钙和炭黑N110填充SBR、EPDM、NBR和硅橡胶，探讨粉状填充剂（简称粉体）对其填充橡胶复合材料拉断伸长率的影响。结果表明，粉体的表面活性、粒径、分散性、用量以及基体橡胶的拉伸强度和拉断伸长率等因素对橡胶复合材料拉断伸长率的影响存在着竞争关系。粉体的粒径和基体橡胶的交联密度影响橡胶复合材料拉断伸长率随粉体用量增大而提高的幅度。粉体对基体橡胶表现出较强的补强作用时，使橡胶复合材料的拉断伸长率出现峰值的粉体用量较小。与传统观点不同，试验得出大多数情况下填充粉体有利于橡胶复合材料拉断伸长率提高的结论。     

硬质PVC改性用粉末丁苯橡胶的开发及应用

以丁苯胶乳1502为原料，经交联及接枝改性，用凝聚法制得了粒径不大于0.9mm的粉末丁苯橡胶（PSBR）。结果表明，用PSBR对PVC的增韧作用优于氯化聚乙烯的，并对产品进行了加工应用测试。     

粉末NBR和超细碳酸钙填充粉末NBR硫化胶力学性能的研究*

以高分子树脂膜为包覆剂,采用凝聚共沉法制备非填充型粉末ＮＢＲ和超细碳酸钙填充粉末ＮＢＲ。研究了包覆剂及超细碳酸钙的用量对产物粒径及其硫化胶力学性能的影响。结果表明,当包覆剂用量为１０份时,粒径≤０９ｍｍ的产物占９９８％,加入超细碳酸钙后可进一步减小产物的粒径;极性适宜的包覆剂及超细碳酸钙对粉末ＮＢＲ硫化胶有显著的补强作用,故非填充型粉末ＮＢＲ及超细碳酸钙填充粉末ＮＢＲ均有良好的力学性能。扫描电镜分析表明,极性适宜的包覆剂与ＮＢＲ有一定的相容性,并以粒径约０５μｍ的微粒均匀分布于ＮＢＲ基体中;超细碳酸钙则以原生粒子和粒径≤０５μｍ的团粒存在,它在粉末ＮＢＲ中的分散性比块状ＮＢＲ／超细碳酸钙混炼体系有显著改善     

纳米碳酸钙/炭黑并用对丁苯橡胶性能的影响

研究了纳米碳酸钙／N330炭黑并用比对丁苯橡胶性能的影响。结果表明，随着CaCO3／N330并用比的改变，材料的强度有了显著的提高，特别是CaCOa／N330并用比为20／30(质量份)时复合材料的拉伸强度达到了20MPa以上，同时材料具有较好的弹性和较低的硬度；两种处理剂相比，树脂酸处理的碳酸钙具有较好的性能；表面处理的纳米炭酸钙与炭黑并用，可以降低炭黑填充橡胶的动态滞后，表面处理的纳米碳酸钙的加工性能比纳米炭黑好，可以通过并用纳米碳酸钙来改善炭黑胶料的加工性能。     

NR/SBR乒乓球拍胶皮的制备研究

以天然橡胶（NR）与丁苯橡胶（SBR）并用制造乒乓球拍胶皮。研究了并用比、促进剂、碳酸钙用量对NR/SBR并用胶性能的影响。研究结果表明,NR/SBR质量比为80/20,促进剂二硫化二苯并噻唑（DM）、2-硫醇基苯并噻唑（M）、二苯胍（D）各1.25、1.25、2.5份,共用量5份,并用胶具有最大拉伸强度和扯断伸长率;碳酸钙为260份,胶皮无喷霜。     

Maleated high oleic sunflower oil‐treated cellulose fiber‐based styrene butadiene rubber composites

Surface treatment of cellulose fibers was performed with maleated high oleic sunflower oil (MSOHO). The MSOHO‐treated cellulose fibers and unmodified cellulose fibers were dispersed in styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) using a two roll mill. Vapor grown carbon nanofibers (VGCNF) were also incorporated at only one parts per hundred rubber (phr) in unmodified cellulose fibers/SBR composites. The curing characteristics, mechanical properties, and water absorption of the resulting composites were determined. MSOHO‐treated fibers completed curing at much slower rate and also decreased the cure density of composites, compared to unmodified fibers. In contrast, the combination of VGCNF and unmodified cellulose fibers accelerated the SBR curing process, but reduced the cure density. MSOHO treatment improved the dispersion of the fibers in the SBR, which resulted in improved mechanical properties of composites. The composite incorporating 1 phr VGCNF and 15 phr unmodified cellulose fibers showed the greatest increase in tensile strength as compared with neat SBR. POLYM. COMPOS. 37:1113–1121, 2016. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers     

The interplay between the fragility and mechanical properties of styrene–butadiene rubber composites with unmodified and modified sago seed shell powder

Reinforcing rubber with natural fillers from agrarian wastes is a new area of interest in developing rubber composite technologies. Lignocellulosic material from sago seed shell is one of the important promising natural fillers having 37% cellulose used to reinforce styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) for enhancing its mechanical properties. Moreover, chemically or physically modified natural fillers play a significant role in enhancing the properties of SBR like morphological, thermal, and electrical characteristics. In this investigation, the changes encountered in molecular mobility, glassy dynamics, thermal stability, flexibility, and tensile strength of SBR on reinforcing with unmodified and modified sago seed shell powder were studied using broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) in conjunction with thermogravimetric analysis, and mechanical properties. BDS has been successfully employed to investigate the relaxation phenomena and glass/rubbery transition in SBR, as well as its composites with unmodified and modified sago seed shell powder over the frequency (10⁻¹ to 10⁷ Hz) and wide temperature range (−100 to 150°C). Experimental data were analyzed in terms of electric modulus formalism and were suited well with the Havriliak Nigami equation. The incorporation of filler and its nature (unmodified or modified it with polyaniline, PANI) greatly influenced the morphological pattern, miscibility, and mode of interaction with the rubber matrix of SBR, which owed a path to diverse charge transport mechanism in the composites. The mechanical properties of all the composites were in good correlation with the steepness index obtained from BDS. The tensile strength, tear strength, and hardness of SBR increased slightly on loading with unmodified cellulose, whereas with modified cellulose causes substantial enhancement in its tensile strength.