ZnO-P2O5-Sb2O3-B2O3系统玻璃的形成与性能优化研究

采用熔体冷却的方法制备了xZnO-yP2O5-zSb2O3-20B2O3(x=10～30 mol%,y=10～45 mol%,z=10～50 mol%)系统无铅玻璃,研究了该体系玻璃的形成区。采用热膨胀仪、失重法等研究了xZnO-yP2O5-zSb2O3-20B2O3系统玻璃的性能和含有MnO2的20ZnO-40Sb2O3-20P2O5-20B2O3体系玻璃的性能。结果表明,随着Sb2O3含量的增加,xZnO-yP2O5-zSb2O3-20B2O3系统玻璃的转变温度降低。xZnO-yP2O5-zSb2O3-20B2O3系统玻璃的失重随P2O5含量的增加而增加。MnO2的引入降低了20ZnO-40Sb2O3-20P2O5-20B2O3系统玻璃的热膨胀系数和失重。     

铅纳米晶掺杂Na2O–B2O3–SiO2玻璃的三阶光学非线性

采用溶胶–凝胶法制备了铅纳米晶掺杂的Na2O–B2O3–SiO2玻璃。利用X射线衍射仪、透射电子显微镜、选区电子衍射结合X射线能谱对纳米晶的微结构、尺寸大小及组成进行分析。用紫外–可见–近红外分光光度法和Z-扫描技术分析了该玻璃的线性和非线性光学性质。结果表明:铅纳米晶在玻璃中呈球形,结晶性较好并表现出良好的分散性,属于立方晶系,颗粒尺寸大小基本分布在10~31nm范围内;在整个测试波长范围内没有明显的吸收峰,光学透过率高;Z-扫描测试结果表明,样品的非线性光学性能优良,其中三阶非线性性能参数为:γ=1.67×10–16m2/W,β=7.02×10–11m/W,χ(3)=2.61×10–17m2/W2。     

Bi2O3-B2O3-BaO系玻璃的光学折射率与带隙

研究了Bi2O3-B2O3-BaO三元系统的玻璃形成区,给出了该三元系统玻璃形成范围.采用熔融淬冷法制备了60Bi2O3-(40-x)B2O3-xBaO(x=5,10,15,20)和65Bi2O3-25B2O3-10BaO(以摩尔计)的5组高Bi2O3含量的Bi2O3-B2O3-BaO玻璃样品.测试了玻璃样品的折射率和吸收光谱,根据经典的Tauc方程计算了间接允许光学带隙和直接允许光学带隙,计算了样品的能量带隙,并估算了它们之间的关系.研究结果表明;随着BaO含量的增加,玻璃样品折射率逐渐增大,但Ba2 对玻璃折射率的影响要远小于Bi3 ;玻璃样品的紫外吸收增强,光学带隙和能量带隙逐渐减小,光学带隙和能量带隙的比值约为1:1.2.     

Bi2O3-Ga2O3-CdO系统玻璃的Raman光谱和X射线光电子能谱研究

用X射线光电子能谱和Raman光谱研究了Bi2O3-Ga2O3-CdO系统玻璃的结构，Raman光谱曲线被分离成6个谱带，4条谱带分属于不同键长的Bi-O振动，一条谱带属于Ga-O振动，Bi2O3-Ga2O3二元系统玻璃的Raman散射最强峰位于400－420cm^-1,当Ga^3 被Cd^2 离子取代后，Raman散射最强峰移向595－630cm^-1，随着Ga2O3含量的增加，位于高波数属于Bi-O振动的2条谱带强度降低并朝低波数移动，位于低波数属于Bi-O振动的2条谱带强度增加并朝高波数移动，添加CdO则出现相反的效应，X射线光电子能谱显示出非常低的O1s电子结合能，甚至低于碱硅酸盐玻璃中非桥氧的O1s电子结合能，并且不可能分为桥氧和非桥氧，O1s和Bi4f的电子结合能都随Ga2O3和C dO含量增加而增加。     

Eu2O3掺加硼磷酸锂发光玻璃的性能研究

以氧化硼、磷酸二氢铵、碳酸锂、氧化铕为原料,通过高温熔融法制备了发光硼磷酸锂玻璃,确定了Li2O-B2O3-P2O5基础玻璃系统组成;在不同组成系统中掺加Eu2O3,确定发光强度最大的硼磷酸锂系统组成。荧光测试结果表明,Li2O-B2O3-P2O5∶Eu体系中,Eu发光既有613nm的窄带光谱(Eu3+),也有380～550nm的宽带光谱(Eu2+),Eu2+发光强度高于Eu3+发光强度,表明主要以Eu2+形式存在。在Li2O-B2O3-P2O5∶Eu体系中,0.4Li2O-0.4B2O3-0.2P2O5∶Eu体系的Eu2+发光最强。证明Eu2O3在硼磷酸锂玻璃主要以Eu2+存在。     

BaF2/BaO替代对钡镓锗酸盐玻璃结构的影响

用Raman光谱技术研究了Ga2O3/GaF3GeO2二元玻璃的结构,并用XRD技术和Raman光谱技术研究了BaF2/BaOGa2O3GeO2系统玻璃的结构。讨论了BaF2替代BaO对玻璃结构的影响。结果表明:摩尔组成为20BaO15Ga2O365GeO2玻璃的主要亚稳相是BaGa2·Ge2O8,而以BaF2替代玻璃中的全部BaO后,玻璃的主要亚稳相转变为BaGe2O5。玻璃中引入氟化物后,其中频段强Raman散射峰宽化,主峰值向高频方向移动,表明在玻璃中形成一些较大的四面体环。同时玻璃高频段最强的振动峰同样移向高频,高频带低频侧的肩明显减弱。这些变化可解释为玻璃中Q2振动模的减少和Ga,Ge四面体的对称性降低,使Raman光谱中的高频成分增加。     

含复合晶核剂CaO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2微晶玻璃析晶与性能

采用高温熔制法制备了含复合晶核剂的CaO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2(CMAS)微晶玻璃,并借助差热分析、X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜分析了复合晶核剂组成对CMAS微晶玻璃的析晶和性能的影响规律。结果表明:复合晶核剂CaF2+TiO2能使CMAS玻璃的析晶活化能E降至329.2kJ/mol,且促进晶体快速生长;CaF2+P2O5可促进大量晶核生成,使晶体生长指数n增至2.87,从而实现CMAS玻璃整体析晶;CMAS微晶玻璃的主晶相为钙长石和透辉石,形状为长条状,TiO2和ZrO2的加入对主晶相种类和形状没有影响,但P2O5加入后玻璃不能析出透辉石晶相,而是辉石晶相,并产生许多细小晶粒;含复合晶核剂的微晶玻璃均具有较高Vicker硬度(7.0GPa以上),但引入CaF2+TiO2+P2O5时,微晶玻璃的Vicker硬度较低,这主要是晶粒排列不致密所致。     

Bi2O3–AlPO4–SiO2溶胶–凝胶玻璃的制备及固体核磁共振结构解析

针对铋掺杂玻璃发光机理不明确的问题,以Bi2O3–AlPO4–SiO2玻璃为研究对象,对其开展结构研究.采用硝酸铋、乳酸铝、磷酸三乙酯和正硅酸四乙酯作为前驱体,通过溶胶–凝胶法制备了xBi2O3–AlPO4–SiO2(0≤x≤0.15)的三元体系玻璃,并使用固态核磁共振(NMR)技术及X射线光电子能谱系统解析了xBi2...     

CaNb2O6:Bi3+体系荧光粉的制备及荧光性能研究

采用高温固相法合成了CaNb2O6∶Bi3+以及K+,Na+,Li+掺杂CaNb2O6∶Bi3+荧光粉,并用荧光光谱、XRD、场发射扫描电镜分析了材料的结构以及发光性能和机理。相对于纯CaNb2O6,Bi3+以及K+、Na+的引入极大的提升了荧光粉的发光强度,发光效果最好的材料为CaNb2O6∶1%Bi3+,15%K+。     

Bi2O3对K2O–B2O3–SrO–Al2O3–Nb2O5–SiO2玻璃陶瓷介电储能性能的影响

随着电力电子系统的不断发展,高功率脉冲电容器的需求增多。电介质电容器因具有放电功率大、充放电速度快及性能稳定等优点,在电力系统、电子器件、脉冲电源等方面发挥着重要作用,广泛应用于民用领域及军事领域。通过熔融压延制备玻璃基体,采用可控结晶工艺研究了不同含量的Bi₂O₃ (x=0.0%、1.0%、2.0%、4.0%,摩尔分数)对K₂O–B₂O₃–Sr O–Al₂O₃–Nb₂O₅–SiO₂玻璃陶瓷物相演化、微观结构、介电和储能性能的影响。在该玻璃陶瓷中,KSr₂Nb₅O₁₅为主要析出晶相,当Bi₂O₃的加入量为x=2.0%(摩尔分数)时,热处理温度为950℃时,玻璃陶瓷样品的储能密度最大可达到1.27 J/cm³,室温下介电常数可达342,是热处...     

钕-铝系稀土色料的研制

通过钕-铝系列色料合成实验,分析不同配比及不同矿化剂等对色料呈色效果的影响,确定最佳工艺方法。对实验结果进行XRD及色度分析,确定其主晶相为钕酸铝,试样的明度均在70以上,色彩鲜艳亮丽。     

Polycrystalline In2O3 and In2O3/Y2O3 photoanodes

Single crystal In₂O₃ shows promise as a photoanode for the decomposition of water. Because of various difficulties in the preparation of the single crystal material, two simple techniques were developed for the preparation of polycrystalline In₂O₃ anodes. One method involves the thermal decomposition of the nitrate while the other utilizes the chemical vapour deposition technique. Voltammograms and photoresponse spectra of these anodes are compared to the single crystal material. Among other observations, it is noted that the quantum efficiencies of the thermally decomposed films are comparable to the single crystal material. It is also shown that the on-set potential can be shifted to more negative values by forming the mixed oxide In₂O₃/Y₂O₃.     

Phase equilibrium in binary La2O3-Dy2O3 and ternary CeO2-La2O3-Dy2O3 systems

Cerium oxide doped with oxides of rare earth elements is a multifunctional material, a wide range of uses which is associated with its unique physicochemical properties. Phase diagrams of multicomponent systems are the physicochemical basis for the creation of new materials with improved characteristics.In this work, phase equilibria in ternary CeO₂–La₂O₃–Dy₂O₃ and binary La₂O₃–Dy₂O₃ systems in the whole concentration range were studied. No new phases have been identified in these systems. An isothermal section of the phase diagram of the CeO₂–La₂O₃–Dy₂O₃ system at a temperature of 1500 °С is constructed. No new phases have been detected in the system. It was found that in the studied ternary system solid solutions are formed on the basis of (F) modification of CeO₂ with structure of fluorite type, monoclinic (B), cubic (C) and hexagonal (A) modifications of Ln₂O₃.In the La₂O₃–Dy₂O₃ binary system (1500–1100 °С) three types of solid solutions are formed: based on hexagonal modification A-La₂O₃, monoclinic modification B-Dy₂O₃ and cubic modification C-Dy₂O₃ separated by two-phase fields (A+B) and (B+C), respectively. The boundaries of the regions of homogeneity of solid solutions based on A-La₂O₃ are determined by compositions containing 35–40, 20–25, 15–20 mol% Dy₂O₃ at 1500, 1250, 1100 °C, respectively. From the obtained data it follows that the solubility of Dy₂O₃ in the hexagonal modification of lanthanum oxide is 39 mol% at 1500 °C, 23 mol. % at 1250 °C and 16 mol% at 1100 °C. The limits of existence of solid solutions based on monoclinic B-modification are determined by compositions containing 30–35, 65–60 (1250 °С), 35–40, 55–60 (1100 °С) 40–45, 70–75 (1500 °C) mol% Dy₂O₃.In the studied system, with a decrease in temperature from 1500° to 1100°C, there is a decrease in the solubility of La₂O₃ in the crystal lattice of cubic solid solutions of C-type from 16 to 10 mol%.     

Na2O-Al2O3-Fe2O3系烧结过程中铝、铁的反应行为

以Al2O3, Fe2O3和Na2CO3为原料,对Na2O-Al2O3-Fe2O3系烧结过程中的反应行为进行了详细研究. 基于溶出率与时间、温度的关系,证明Na2O×Al2O3和Na2O×Fe2O3的生成反应动力学都服从Zhuralev-Lesokin-Tempelman模型,表观活化能分别为186.59和80.92 kJ/mol,表明Na2O×Fe2O3比Na2O×Al2O3在动力学上更易形成;Al2O3易与Na2O×Fe2O3反应形成Na2O×Al2O3和Fe2O3,在1273 K烧结30 min,所得熟料Al2O3溶出率达98.51%;Fe2O3对Na2O×Al2O3的形成有双重作用,在1273 K下可加速Na2O×Al2O3的形成,超过1323 K,促使Na2O×Al2O3分解成Na2O和b-Al2O3,且随着温度升高或时间延长,分解程度增高,从而导致熟料中Al2O3溶出率显著降低.     

Fe2O3-MnO-Cr2O3-La2O3系统紫色颜料的制备及表征

采用溶胶均匀共沉淀法于低温下合成了含少量稀土氧化物La2O3的紫色颜料，并采用颜色测定、SEM、XRD等手段对颜料的颜色、检度及结晶构造等进行了表征。     

Separation of Phases by Spinodal Decomposition in the Systems Al2O3−Cr2O3 and Al2O3−Cr2O3−Fe2O3

Separation of phases was investigated in the hexagonal (rhombohedral) systems Al₂O₃−Cr₂O₃ and Al₂O₃−Cr₂O₃−Fe₂O₃. The binary system shows a miscibility gap with a T_c of 950°C; the miscibility gap for the ternary system was determined for a constant Cr₂O₃ content of 16.6 mol%. Dark field transmission electron microscopy of solid solutions annealed within the miscibility gap showed dark and light lamellas ∼50 to 200 Å thick. X-ray diffraction results for the solid solutions in the ternary system indicated that, in the early stages of annealing, broadening occurred only on (hkl) reflections where l≠0. There was no major change in the X-ray diffraction patterns of the annealed solid solutions in the binary system. Electron diffraction results indicated, however, that phase separation in both systems proceeded in the [001] direction. Solid solutions in the binary system separated very slowly; the separation could be enhanced hydrothermally. The mechanism of the separation of phases in both systems is spinodal and proceeds as follows: solid solution→intermediate modulated phase→equilibrium phases.     

ß-Al2O3 synthesis from m-Al2O3

-Al₂O₃ formation fromm-Al₂O₃ was found by a new convenient technique. By thermal decomposition of a complex compound, trioxalatoaluminate Na _x (NH₄)_3–x [Al(C₂O₄)₃]yH₂O(0.091 x 0.333;y= 3), a very fine powder ofm-Al₂O₃ was formed. The decomposition process was examined by thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction and the phase relation of the system Na₂O-Al₂O₃ in the midtemperature region between 600 and 1200° C is discussed briefly. The tablet ofm-Al₂O₃ was fired at 1600° C for 30 min to prepare dense-Al₂O₃ ceramics, the apparent density of which was greater than 95% of the theoretical value. The sintered tablet was examined from the structural point of view and the electrical conductivity was measured by an a.c. method to verify that the procedure of the complex decomposition is a suitable technique for-Al₂O₃ synthesis.     

Oxide/oxide composites in the system Cr2O3-Y2O3-Al2O3

Ceramic compacts in the systems Al₂O₃–Y₂O₃, Cr₂O₃–Y₂O₃ and Y₃(Cr_yAl_1-y)₅O₁₂ (Cr-doped YAG) were prepared by solid state reaction in calcined co-precipitated powder mixtures of appropriate compositions. Various solid-solution phases were formed, e.g. Y₃(Al_1-xCr_x)₅O₁₂, YAl_yCr_1-yO₃ and Al_2-xCr_xO₃. Composite materials in the pseudo-binary or ternary systems Al₂O₃–Y₃Al₅O₁₂, Cr₂O₃–Y₂O₃ and Y₃(Al_1–xCr_x)₅O₁₂–YAl_yCr_1–yO₃–(Al_zCr_1−z)₂O₃ were obtained by hot-pressing appropriate powder precursors at 1600–1650°C for 1 h. The microstructure of the prepared materials was studied in a scanning electron microscope with element analysis facilities. X-ray diffraction was used to reveal the phases present and their lattice parameters. The chemical compatibility of these phases was investigated. The results are discussed with a special emphasis on the solubility of Cr in the YAG structure, and on the compatibility relationship between Cr-doped YAG and its neighbouring phases. A gel-coating process for preparing Al₂O₃–YAG composites with tailored microstructures is also described.     

Bactericidal Effectiveness of O3, O3/H2O2 and O3/TiO2 on Clostridium perfringens

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the bactericidal capacity of different Advanced Oxidation Treatments (AOTs) based on ozone: ozone, ozone/hydrogen peroxide and ozone/titanium dioxide on a wild strain of Clostridium perfringens, a fecal bacterial indicator in drinking water. The dose of ozone consumed ranges from 0.6 mg L^?1 min^?1 to 5.13 mg L^?1 min^?1 depending on the process and on the sample. In the treatments combined with O₃, H₂O₂ dose utilized is 0.04 mM and TiO₂ dose, 1 g L^?1. In order to evaluate the influence of natural organic matter and suspension solids over the disinfection rate, treatments are performed with two types of water – natural water from Ebro River (Zaragoza, Spain) and NaCl solution 0.9%. To achieve 4 log units of inactivation, 3.6 mg O₃ L^?1 is necessary in O₃ treatment, 4.25 mg O₃ L^?1 in O₃/TiO₂ system and 2.7 mg O₃ L^?1 in O₃/H₂O₂ after processing the natural water. In NaCl solution, to get the same inactivation, 0.42 mg O₃ L^?1 is necessary in O₃ treatment, 1.15 mg O₃ L^?1 in O₃/TiO₂ system and 0.06 mg O₃ L^?1 in O₃/H₂O₂ process. Even though the three treatments studied have a high bactericidal activity due to the number of surviving bacteria decreases to non-detectable levels, O₃/H₂O₂ is the most effective system for eliminating C. perfringens cells in a lower contact time, followed by O₃ and finally O₃/TiO₂ system.