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用三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)和高密度聚乙(烯HDPE)作为包覆材料,石蜡作为相变材料,通过热熔法制备了不同石蜡用量的定形相变储能材料。恒温热老化试验表明:当石蜡用量为60%时,EPDM基定形相变材料的石蜡质量损失率不超过1%,远低于HDPE基定形相变材料的9.44%。在恒温水浴试验中,随水浴时间延长,定形相变材料的质量损失率增加;而且当石蜡用量超过60%时,EPDM对石蜡的密封效果变差,质量损失率明显增加;相同条件下,EPDM基定形相变材料的密封效果优于HDPE基定形相变材料。 相似文献
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石蜡的聚烯烃定形包覆研究 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
低熔点石蜡为芯材,聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯和聚乙烯3种高分子材料作支撑材料,以加热熔融的方法制备了3种定形复合相变材料,确定了3种高分子材料对潜热为222.01 kJ/kg的17℃石蜡的最大包裹量分别为w(石蜡)=46%、51%、73%。用差示扫描量热仪对3种定形复合相变材料进行了测定,分析了所制备的定形复合相变材料的相变温度、相变潜热、热稳定性等性能。结果表明,石蜡经过高分子材料包覆之后,其相变温度有所降低,相变焓值有所提高,而且该定形相变材料可以加工成粉体材料,进一步拓展了产品的应用领域。 相似文献
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分别以低密度聚乙烯(PE-LD)、高密度聚乙烯(PE-HD) .聚丙烯(PP).聚苯乙烯(PS)为支撑材料、石蜡为相变材料,采用加热熔融法制备聚烯烃石蜡复合相变储能材料。考察了不同种类的聚烯烃材料对复合材料储能的影响,通过DSC测出PE-LD/石蜡、PE-HD/石蜡、PP/石蜡、PS/石蜡复合相变材料的相变烩分别为68.44J/g、45.52J/g、40.06J/g、1.19J/g。结果表明,PE-LD是其中最好的基体材料,具有最大的相变烩。随着石蜡含量的增加,PE-LD/石蜡复合材料的相变烩逐渐增大。此外,硅藻土和活性炭填料的加人有利于提高相变烩,增强复合材料的稳定性。 相似文献
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树脂基稻草吸附石蜡储能单元相变储能材料 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用稻草的天然空心结构,吸附包裹相变石蜡制作成储能单元,然后采用树脂将储能单元粘结成型,得到树脂基稻草吸附石蜡储能单元定形相变材料。显微分析表明,石蜡与稻草空腔结合紧密,材料在储热过程相变石蜡与稻草无界面脱离现象;热失重分析表明,该定形相变材料在多次相变过程中热失重率小于0.3%,具有很好的热稳定性。 相似文献
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分别以低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)和乙烯-辛烯共聚物(POE)为包覆材料,以石蜡为相变材料,制备了定形相变材料,采用SEM、DSC和流变性能对其进行分析表征。SEM电镜显示了两种不同的表面形貌;DSC测试表明石蜡加入量越多,潜热越大,POE/石蜡体系的潜热高于LDPE/石蜡体系;流变性能研究表明,石蜡的加入在固态时提高了基体的储能模量,对于LDPE/石蜡体系,LDPE为连续相;对于POE/石蜡体系,由于POE和石蜡熔融温度非常接近,分辨不出谁是连续相谁是分散相。 相似文献
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以80#石蜡为相变材料,利用不同粒径膨胀石墨的多孔隙结构,以多层吸附、模压法压制方式制备了80#石蜡/膨胀石墨定形复合相变材料。通过循环融冻实验分析了80#石蜡的热稳定性和循环稳定性,滴定滤纸渗漏实验确定了不同组分复合相变材料的渗漏率。采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、Hot Disk热常数分析仪等仪器对所制备复合相变材料的相变潜热、多孔基吸附结构、热导率、渗漏率等特性进行了分析。结果表明:当膨胀石墨的添加质量分数达到整体组分的8%时,复合定形相变材料的相变温度为80.86℃(吸热)和76.08℃(放热),相变潜热为130.12kJ/kg,且渗漏率小于0.3%。制备的复合定形相变材料具有形状稳定、渗漏率低、蓄热密度高的特点,且具有较长的使用寿命。 相似文献
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石蜡定形相变材料的包裹及热性能 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
利用原位聚合法,提出了对定形相变材料进行无机高分子材料再包裹,制备了硅胶封装石蜡定形相变材料的微胶囊,其石蜡的含量最高达到w(石蜡)=69.12%。用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)测定了微胶囊的热性能,并将测定粉体材料润湿性能的W ashburn方程应用于相变材料的亲油亲水性测定,评价了定形相变材料在胶囊封装前后的亲水性变化。结果表明,经硅胶封装的相变材料其相变焓为153.46 J.g-1,相变焓降低较少,而亲水性能有很大提高,确定了微胶囊产品中石蜡最佳质量分数为w(石蜡)=50%~56%。 相似文献
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Jian Liu Zhen Zhao Chunming Xu Aijun Duan Ling Zhu Xuezhong Wang 《Catalysis Today》2006,118(3-4):315-322
Vanadium oxides supported on γ-Al2O3, SiO2, TiO2, and ZrO2 were studied on their molecular structures and reactive performances for soot combustion. To investigate the effect of different alkali metals on the structures and reactivities of supported-vanadium oxide catalysts, they were doped into the V4/TiO2 catalyst which had the best intrinsic activity for soot combustion in the selected supported vanadium oxide catalysts. The experimental results demonstrated that the catalytic properties of these catalysts depended on the vanadium loading amount, support nature, and the presence or the absence of alkali metals. The spectroscopic analysis (FT-IR and UV–vis) and H2-TPR results revealed that the higher activity of alkali-promoted vanadium oxide catalysts could be related to the ability of alkali metal promoting the redox cycle of the active vanadyl species. TG results showed that adding alkali to Vm/TiO2 catalyst was beneficial to lowering their melting points. Low melting points could ensure the good surface atom migration ability, which would improve the contact between the catalyst and soot. Due to the alkali metal components promoting the redox ability and the mobility of the catalysts, alkali-modified vanadium oxide catalysts could remarkably improve their catalytic activities for soot combustion. The catalytic activity order for soot combustion followed Li > Na > K > Rb > Cs in the catalyst system of alkali-V4/TiO2, and the reason why it followed this sequence was discussed. 相似文献
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The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) was studied at carbon supported MoOx-Pt/C and TiOx-Pt nanocatalysts in 0.5 mol dm−3 HClO4 solution, at 25 °C. The MoOx-Pt/C and TiOx-Pt/C catalysts were prepared by the polyole method combined by MoOx or TiOx post-deposition. Home made catalysts were characterized by TEM and EDX techniques. It was found that catalyst nanoparticles were homogenously distributed over the carbon support with a mean particle size about 2.5 nm. Quite similar distribution and particle size was previously obtained for Pt/C catalyst. Results confirmed that MoOx and TiOx post-deposition did not lead to a significant growth of the Pt nanoparticles.The ORR kinetics was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and linear sweep voltammetry at the rotating disc electrode. These results showed the existence of two E − log j regions, usually observed with polycrystalline Pt in acid solution. It was proposed that the main path in the ORR mechanism on MoOx-Pt/C and TiOx-Pt/C catalysts was the direct four-electron process with the transfer of the first electron as the rate-determining step. The increase in catalytic activity for ORR on MoOx-Pt/C and TiOx-Pt/C catalysts, in comparison with Pt/C catalyst, was explained by synergetic effects due to the formation of the interface between the platinum and oxide materials and by spillover due to the surface diffusion of oxygen reaction intermediates. 相似文献
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Mats Carlsson Mats Johnsson Mats Nygren 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1999,82(8):1969-1976
Ta0.33 Ti0.33 Nb0.33 C and Ta0.33 Ti0.33 Nb0.33 C x N1− x whiskers were synthesized via a carbothermal vapor-liquid-solid growth mechanism in the temperature range 900°-1450°C in Ar or N2 . The optimum temperature was 1250°C. Whiskers were obtained in a yield of 70-90 vol%. The whiskers were 0.5–1 µm in diameter and 10–30 µm in length. The starting materials that produced the highest whisker yield were: TiO2 , Ta2 O5 , Nb2 O5 , C, Ni, and NaCl. C was added to reduce the oxides, and Ni to catalyze whisker growth. NaCl was used as a source of Cl for vapor-phase transportation of Ta and Nb oxochlorides and Ti chlorides to the catalyst. The catalyst metal was recycled several times during the synthesis and was transported as NiCl2 ( g ) according to thermodynamic calculations. The rate of formation and the chemical composition of the whiskers depended on the synthesis temperature, the choice of catalyst, and the atmosphere. At low temperatures, the whiskers were enriched in Nb and Ta, whereas the Ti content increased with increased synthesis temperature. 相似文献
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The phase equilibrium relations in the systems Y2 O3 -Al2 O3 and Gd2 O3 -Fe2 O3 were examined. Each system has two stable binary compounds. A 3:s molar ratio garnet-type compound exists in both systems. The 1:1 distorted perovskite structure is stable in the system Gd2 O3 -Fe2 O3 but only metastable in the system Y2 O3 -AI2 O3 . This interesting example of metastable formation and persistence of a compound with ions of high Z/r values explains the discrepancies in the literature on the structure of the composition YA1O3 . A new 2:1 molar ratio cubic phase has been found in the system Y2 O3 -A12 O3 . Since silicon can be completely substituted for aluminum in this compound, the aluminum ions are presumably in fourfold coordination. 相似文献
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Yu Su Karen S. Kabin Michael P. Harold Michael D. Amiridis 《Applied catalysis. B, Environmental》2007,71(3-4):207-215
The reduction of NO under cyclic “lean”/“rich” conditions was examined over two model 1 wt.% Pt/20 wt.% BaO/Al2O3 and 1 wt.% Pd/20 wt.% BaO/Al2O3 NOx storage reduction (NSR) catalysts. At temperatures between 250 and 350 °C, the Pd/BaO/Al2O3 catalyst exhibits higher overall NOx reduction activity. Limited amounts of N2O were formed over both catalysts. Identical cyclic studies conducted with non-BaO-containing 1 wt.% Pt/Al2O3 and Pd/Al2O3 catalysts demonstrate that under these conditions Pd exhibits a higher activity for the oxidation of both propylene and NO. Furthermore, in situ FTIR studies conducted under identical conditions suggest the formation of higher amounts of surface nitrite species on Pd/BaO/Al2O3. The IR results indicate that this species is substantially more active towards reaction with propylene. Moreover, its formation and reduction appear to represent the main pathway for the storage and reduction of NO under the conditions examined. Consequently, the higher activity of Pd can be attributed to its higher oxidation activity, leading both to a higher storage capacity (i.e., higher concentration of surface nitrites under “lean” conditions) and a higher reduction activity (i.e., higher concentration of partially oxidized active propylene species under “rich” conditions). The performance of Pt and Pd is nearly identical at temperatures above 375 °C. 相似文献
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采用共沉淀法合成镁铝及镁锌铝水滑石,并通过X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、热分析(TG/DTG)、粒度分析等手段对合成的水滑石进行表征,研究不同镁、铝、锌的投料比例对合成的水滑石结构及热性能等的影响。XRD表征结果表明,合成产物均具有水滑石特征峰。合成的镁铝水滑石随着镁铝比的增加其层板间距增大,层板上原子密度降低;合成的镁锌铝水滑石随着锌含量的提高层板间距减小,层板上原子密度降低。镁铝水滑石热分解过程有两个明显阶段,层间结晶水先脱除,随后是层间阴离子脱除及层板上部分羟基脱水;镁锌铝水滑石热分解过程只有一个明显的阶段,层板间阴离子在层板间结晶水脱除的同时也在脱除。 相似文献
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The syntheses and the results of unit-cell determinations ofBa3 V4 O13 and the two forms (low- and high-temperature) of Ba3 P4 O13 are presented. Ba3 V4 O13 crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group Cc or C2/c with unit-cell dimensions a=16.087, b=8.948, c=10.159 (x10nm), β=114.52° Low-Ba3 P4 O13 crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group P1 or P1 with unit-cell dimensions a=5.757, b=7.243, c=8.104 (x10 nm) α=82.75°, β=73.94°, γ=70.71°. Low-Ba3 P4 O13 transforms at 870°C into high-Ba3 P4 O13 which crystallizes in the orthorhombic system, space group Pbcm (No. 57) (or Pbc2, No. 29) with unit-cell dimensions a =7.107, b=13.883, c=19.219 (x10 nm). No relations have been found between the structures of the tribarium tetravanadate and the tribarium tetraphosphate. 相似文献
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Changes in Fe---Mn---SO42−/ZrO2 catalyst formulations during activation have been observed. In air or an inert gas, the added salt, such as iron and/or manganese nitrate, decomposes over a temperature range of about 200–400°C to produce nitric oxide, oxygen and iron and/or manganese oxide. The crystallization of zirconia occurs at 450°C; when the sample contains sulfate the exothermic event occurs at a temperature that is about 200°C higher. Heating in the presence of hydrogen causes the evolution of nitric oxide to occur over a narrow temperature range and at a lower temperature than when the sample is heated in helium or air. It appears that the nitrate ions associated with Fe, Mn and Zr decompose to produce nitric oxide, and presumably water, at different temperatures when the sample is heated in the presence of hydrogen. Heating samples of sulfated zirconia containing iron and/or manganese in hydrogen causes sulfur evolution at a lower temperature, and a significant fraction of it in the form of H2S. 相似文献