传统卷烟和电子烟烟气气溶胶粒径分布研究

为了解传统卷烟和电子烟烟气气溶胶粒径分布特性, 按照ISO 的抽吸模式, 分别对10 个品牌的传统卷烟和电子烟进行测试。通过在线稀释, 采用模拟循环吸烟机和快速粒径谱仪对气溶胶粒径和浓度进行了测试。结果表明:(1)在相同的抽吸条件下, 传统卷烟气溶胶的颗粒、单位体积数浓度都比电子烟大;(2)在不同抽吸口数下, 传统卷烟气溶胶粒径每口之间差异很大, 而电子烟气溶胶粒径每口之间分布比较均匀。      

UPLC-MS/MS法检测电子烟烟液和气溶胶中的8种酚类化合物

【目的】建立一种定量检测电子烟烟液和气溶胶中8种潜在有害酚类化合物的方法,应用于电子烟产品的日常品质监管中。【方法】方法学的建立以电子烟烟液为样本,电子烟烟液经50%甲醇稀释后,利用液相-串联质谱联用仪(UPLC-MS/MS)测定,考察该方法的专属性、线性、检测限和定量限、准确度、精密度、以及溶液稳定性等。【结果】本方法中苯二酚、双酚A和剩余6种酚类化合物浓度分别在10～500μg/mL(R²=0.994)、0.02～1.00μg/mL(R²=0.998)和0.2～10.0μg/mL(R²=0.995～0.999)范围内时,线性关系良好;重复性测试溶液中各成分的RSD范围为3.6%～6.7%;各浓度加标溶液回收率为80.0%～119.2%;不同存储条件下样本稳定性良好。【结论】本方法检测速度快、专属性高、稳定性强,可用于准确有效检测电子烟烟液和气溶胶中的8种酚类化合物,并能高效应用于电子烟产品的品质管控中。     

电子烟电池倍率放电特性及对气溶胶释放行为影响分析

[目的]为研究电池质量现状及分析其对气溶胶释放行为影响.[方法]选取38种小功率电子烟,对电池进行倍率放电性能测试和对电子烟进行抽吸测试.[结果](1)电子烟电池的倍率放电性能参差不齐,只有52.0％的烟弹式电子烟用电池经过400次倍率放电后容量保持率在80％以上,38.5％的一次性电子烟用电池无法正常倍率放电,测试过...     

电子烟中化学成分风险研究进展

电子烟已成为国际烟草关注的焦点和发展的热点,也是我国烟草行业新型烟草制品发展的一个重要方向。对近几年国内外关于电子烟烟液、烟具和气溶胶中化学成分的风险研究文献和相关法规的进行了收集、分类、比较和分析,从以下三个方面对电子烟中化学成分风险研究现状进行阐述,以期为电子烟安全性研究提供参考:1）烟液和气溶胶中烟碱、醛酮类化合物、挥发性化合物、烟草特有亚硝胺和金属元素等相关研究;2）电子烟气溶胶与卷烟烟气中有害成分的对比研究;3）烟具中有害成分迁移量的分析研究。      

加热丝材质和雾化温度对电子烟气溶胶主要成分释放量的影响

为探索加热丝材质和雾化温度对电子烟气溶胶主要成分释放量的影响。利用电子烟综合测试平台,以组装了静态初始阻值相同的Ti、Ni200和SS316加热丝电子烟为研究对象,考察在180℃-300℃雾化温度范围内电子烟气溶胶中烟碱、丙二醇、丙三醇的释放量变化。结果表明:1) 三种加热丝动态实时阻值与工作温度呈现较强的正相关;2）同一雾化温度下,静态初始阻值相同的Ti、Ni200和SS316加热丝雾化烟碱、丙二醇和丙三醇的效率,Ni200最大,Ti次之,SS316最小;3）电子烟气溶胶中烟碱、丙二醇和丙三醇释放量均随三种加热丝雾化温度的上升呈现增加趋势,烟碱释放量在220 - 240 ℃之间快速增加,之后增幅不大;4）随着雾化温度升高到260 ℃,丙二醇和丙三醇的相对释放量发生了十分明显的变化,丙三醇的释放量高于丙二醇释放量。      

使用气质联用法分析电子烟烟液及气溶胶中20种多溴联苯和多溴联苯醚

建立一种测定电子烟烟液及气溶胶中20种多溴联苯和多溴联苯醚的方法。样品采用纯水和正己烷（体积比2∶1）提取后氮吹浓缩,再使用气质联用仪进行检测,内标法定量。本方法的线性范围为0.01 mg/L～1.0mg/L,方法检出限范围为0.88 ng/g～7.97 ng/g,在3个添加水平的回收率分别为81.6%～117.8%,相对标准偏差为2.7%～9.8%。应用本方法对市售的10个电子烟气溶胶样品及8个电子烟烟液样品进行分析,均未检出有多溴联苯及多溴联苯醚。     

电子烟液中烟碱稳定性及其释放行为分析

对7种品牌市售电子烟及30种电子烟液,从烟液烟碱含量、单次充电最大抽吸口数、烟碱释放行为进行了分析比较,为深入研发电子烟产品提供数据参考。结果表明:①电子烟液常温放置半年,具有良好的稳定性;②电子烟液的实测值和盒标烟碱值差异较大;③不同品牌电子烟电池容量差异较大,可抽吸口数在50-420之间;④抽吸时烟弹中可释放烟液量和烟杆中电池电量对烟碱释放行为有明显影响。      

不同形态烟碱在电子烟气溶胶中的释放研究

  目的  研究游离烟碱、吸附烟碱、包合烟碱、不同比例烟碱和酒石酸调配物在电子烟气溶胶中释放规律。  方法  测定含有不同形态烟碱的电子烟烟液中烟碱含量及pH值变化,比较不同形态烟碱在电子烟气溶胶中释放情况及感官质量评价差异。  结果  相对于含游离烟碱的电子烟烟液对照,（1）添加环糊精修饰氧化石墨烯、氧化碳纳米管、羧甲基纤维素、羟丙基环糊精和酒石酸的处理,可测定烟碱浓度均有降低,酒石酸处理pH值降低,其余不变;（2）添加氧化碳纳米管的处理,气溶胶中烟碱释放稳定性降低;添加环糊精修饰氧化石墨烯、羟丙基环糊精、羧甲基纤维素和酒石酸的处理,烟碱释放稳定性较好;（3）添加羟丙基环糊精的处理,喉部冲击感降低,添加酒石酸的处理,烟碱气息较弱,喉部劲头和刺激明显降低。  结论  在含有游离烟碱的电子烟烟液中添加适量的羟丙基环糊精、羧甲基纤维素和酒石酸可以有效增加烟气气溶胶中烟碱释放的稳定性、提升电子烟的感官质量。      

模拟电子烟烟液中丙二醇和丙三醇裂解形成小分子羰基物

为模拟电子烟气溶胶中小分子羰基化合物的形成,分析了电子烟烟液的主要组成,采用裂解-气相色谱/质谱(Py-GC/MS)法考察了丙二醇和丙三醇在空气气氛下的主要裂解产物,探讨了裂解温度及含水率对丙二醇和丙三醇裂解形成小分子羰基物的影响.结果表明:①10种电子烟烟液中丙二醇、丙三醇和水的总量占烟液质量的86.5％～93.2％...     

电子烟安全性研究进展

近年来,电子烟用户群体逐渐增加,电子烟安全性受到广泛关注。为了描述电子烟的安全性研究结果,文章结合部分电子烟对吸烟者抽吸行为的影响研究,从电子烟器具、电子烟气溶胶、电子烟烟液中香原料及电子烟对人体健康安全性等角度,综述了近几年国内外研究者在电子烟安全性方面的研究进展。需进一步研究电子烟材料物质向气溶胶中的转移规律,分析不同添加物加热雾化后对人体健康的影响以及电子烟对抽吸者抽吸行为的深远影响。建议国内针对电子烟产品制定统一高效的标准及严格的监管措施。     

The effect of tobacco- and electronic cigarettes use on the olfactory function in humans

Electronic cigarettes are a recent development in tobacco harm reduction. They are marketed as a “healthier alternative” to conventional cigarettes but their health impact is unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the odor perception of smokers and vapers (e-cigarette consumers) in comparison to non-smokers. For the study 181 study participants aged 18 to 46 years were selected and divided into three groups including the control group (n = 70 non-smokers; 40 women, 30 men), as well as two investigated groups consisted of smokers (n = 66; 32 women, 34 men) and vapers (n = 45; 18 women, 27 men). The individuals were evaluated by applying the “Sniffin‘ Sticks” odor threshold (T), discrimination (D), and identification (I) test. To express the overall results a composite threshold-discrimination-identification (TDI) score was calculated. The results of the threshold test showed a significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) between non-smokers and smokers, as well as smokers and vapers. The data of odor discrimination- and odor identification, as well as the TDI-score revealed a significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) between all three evaluated groups. Furthermore, according to the Pearson test, there was a significant correlation (p ≤ 0.05) between the “pack-years” and odor threshold and the TDI-score. However, the correlation between the “pack-years” and the results of the odor discrimination and identification was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Besides, the duration of vaping (in years) and amount of consumed liquid (ml) did not correlate (p > 0.05) with the odor threshold, discrimination, identification as well as the TDI-score. Finally, it can be stated that the non-smoker group exhibited the best performance in the conducted olfactory tests, closely followed by the vapers. In contrast, the consumption of cigarettes had a negative impact on the olfactory perception of smokers.     

碳酸薄荷酯的合成及其在卷烟中的应用

以薄荷醇为原料,合成了烟用潜香物质碳酸薄荷酯.将其加入卷烟中,经评吸表明:气味阈值与薄荷醇的气味阈值相差较小的香味物质能够与薄荷醇拟合成效果较好的碳酸薄荷酯.     

Gender and ethnic differences in young adolescents' sources of cigarettes

OBJECTIVE: To identify the sources used by young adolescents to obtain cigarettes. DESIGN: In early 1994 a survey assessing usual sources of cigarettes and characteristics of the respondents was administered in homeroom classes. SETTING: A large urban, predominantly African American school system. SUBJECTS: A population-based sample of 6967 seventh graders averaging 13 years of age. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Reports of usual sources of cigarettes. RESULTS: At this age level, young smokers were more likely to get cigarettes from friends (31.2%) than buy them in stores (14.3%). However, the odds of purchasing varied for different groups of children. Regular smokers were much more likely (48.3%) to have purchased cigarettes than experimental smokers (9.6%), p < 0.001. Girls were less likely to have bought their cigarettes than boys (p < 0.001), and black smokers were less likely to have purchased cigarettes than white children (p < 0.001). Results suggested that family members who smoke may constitute a more important source of tobacco products than previously recognised, particularly for young girls. CONCLUSIONS: In this middle-school sample, peers provided the major point of cigarette distribution. However, even at this age, direct purchase was not uncommon. Sources of cigarettes varied significantly with gender, ethnicity, and smoking rate.     

The price of cigarettes in the European Union

BACKGROUND: A major factor influencing tobacco use is its price. Fiscal policies on tobacco are a key ingredient of any comprehensive control strategy, as they can be used to raise prices. The European Union (EU) developed directives to ensure some harmonisation of the fiscal pressure on tobacco across its member states. OBJECTIVES: To provide a simple comparison of tobacco prices in the EU, adjusting for the purchasing power of each currency. DESIGN: For price comparisons, a 20 units pack of Marlboro was the reference product, and data refer to April 2000. Purchasing power parities (PPP) for each member state currency have been compiled. These are currency conversion rates, which convert to a common currency and equalise the purchasing power of different currencies. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Nominal prices of a Marlboro pack for each member state, and a price index, estimated taking as reference the EU mean. Adjusted prices and an adjusted price index have been estimated using PPP. RESULTS: Nominal prices show wide variation, with the cheapest pack in Portugal (59) and the most expensive in the UK (196); the range of variation is three-fold. However, PPP adjusted prices reveal a different distribution. In three countries adjusted prices are outliers, but all other countries make two clusters, one around the average EU index of 100, the other around a lower value of 85. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that fiscal harmonisation policies in the EU do not have an even effect at reducing availability by its impact in price.     

平行排列多喷头静电纺丝机纺丝状态及纤维结构

以聚砜为溶质,DMF/丙酮(质量比9∶1)作为溶剂,从接收效率、纺丝稳定性及扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察得到的纤维的形态结构、成丝均匀性,探究了单喷和多喷时,喷头呈平行排列的静电纺丝机的纺丝状态和纺丝效果。研究结果表明:在单喷头纺丝系统下,溶液的质量分数、纺丝电压和纺丝线速度对纤维的形态结构影响较大;在多喷头情况下,电场存在一定的不均匀,导致各喷头不能同时稳定地纺丝;由于电场强度的衰减,多喷头时必须采用高于单喷头的纺丝电压才能进行正常的纺丝。     

玻纤电子纱初捻工艺的反推方法

国内外玻纤电子纱市场发展势头强劲,但产品质量参差不齐。初捻加工是影响玻纤电子纱的内在质量、成型质量和生产效率的重要环节。为了获得合理的初捻工艺,采用市售高品质玻纤电子筒纱作为标准样品进行退绕试验,测定其不同层的卷绕直径和卷绕圈距等成型参数;基于特定机型的玻纤电子纱捻线机的钢领板运动速度限制,通过反推法得到标准样品生产过程中的锭子转速和钢领板运动速度等初捻工艺参数,并利用该加捻工艺参数制备试验样品。通过比较发现,两种样品的成型质量无明显差异,纱线张力波动较小,验证了初捻工艺反推方法的可行性。     

成品卷烟霉变微生物的分离纯化与鉴定

从霉变成品卷烟中分离、纯化得到5种菌株,并采用真菌形态学和显微镜检的方法进行鉴定。结果表明,引起卷烟霉变的微生物主要为曲霉菌、青霉菌、链格孢菌和枝孢菌;通过18SrDNA-ITS序列分析及构建系统进化树,鉴定为5个种,分别为聚多曲霉、黄曲霉、极细枝孢霉、指状青霉和链格孢属霉菌;通过致霉性试验得出黄曲霉菌为导致卷烟霉变的主要菌株。     

电子级玻璃纤维布生产工艺探讨及应用

介绍电子级玻璃纤维布的性能及生产工艺过程,总结电子级玻璃纤维布在生产中容易出现的问题和解决办法,并分析电子级玻璃纤维布广阔的市场前景.     

同位素稀释-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定电子烟油中的尼古丁

目的建立快速、准确测定电子烟油中尼古丁的超高效液相色谱-电喷雾电离质谱(ultra high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry,UPLC-ESI/MS)分析方法。方法使用UPLC BEH HILIC色谱柱作为固定相,以10 mmol/L乙酸铵-甲醇为流动相,等度洗脱,在电喷雾(electronic spray ion,ESI)正离子模式下,采用选择离子监测方法进行测定,同位素D4-尼古丁稀释法定量。结果烟油中尼古丁的检出限为0.5μg/L。检测范围为2~100μg/L,样品在10、50和100 mg/kg时的加标回收率分别为84.7%、96.1%和92.7%,相对标准偏差均小于5%。结论该方法快捷、准确、灵敏度高,可用于电子烟油中尼古丁的快速准确测定。     

纤维原料聚乳酸用于食品接触产品的安全现状及监管风险控制

纤维原料聚乳酸由于使用原料为自然可再生的材料,用聚乳酸生产的产品可在后期进行生物降解,从原料到成品,生产过程都是较为绿色环保的,用途越来越广,可作为纤维原料,也可用作制造食品包装、食品接触产品的原料。由于聚乳酸制成的食品接触产品有可降解方面的优势,在与食品接触方面的应用越来越多,聚乳酸制可降解的餐具等日益成为人们日常生活的组成部分。聚乳酸制产品的日益流行,要求此类产品的质量安全方面的管控更为精准有效。本文分析了聚乳酸产品的生产现状及成品销售过程中可能存在的产品质量安全风险问题,对聚乳酸制食品接触产品的质量安全风险出现的关键环节进行分析,对产品质量安全风险项目进行风险分析,并提出对风险问题进行控制的方案方法,对相关产品的生产企业的产品经营和质量安全的管控有较好的指导作用,为产品的质量再提升有更强的警示意义,为政府监管、企业生产以及市场和消费者了解相关产品的风险内容和控制提供可行性探讨,提升产品的质量安全,助力消费者进行市场监督,提升产品的竞争力。