Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment in Meat Production Practice in Russian Federation

Animals are carriers of biohazards including foodborne pathogens Clostridium perfringens, Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella, enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli. Chemical and physical hazards can be present in meat and ingredients or occur during processing. Food safety management system is of particular importance with implementation of the Customs Union documents, TR CU - 021/2011, 022/2001 and 034/2013. HACCP is obligatory in Russia since July 2014. The meat industry is the most prepared for HACCP implementation because scientific research on hazard analysis and risk assessment have been conducted since 2005. The results of assessments for chemical hazard, PAHs, and microbiological hazard, S. aureus, are presented.     

Why HACCP Might Sometimes Become Weak or Even Fail

All producers must apply HACCP and they should have mutual trust. In individual HACCP shouldn’t be any gaps in hazard control; likewise, there shouldn’t be gaps between neighboring producers. However, gaps do exist, mostly due to lack of motivation. After initial HACCP establishing the motivation drops and the system(s) may deteriorate to a GMP level. It's vital to monitor status of HACCP(s) implementation and motivation level(s) on local and national level(s) to analyze changes and draw conclusions about their impact on the food safety management system at the national level, thus providing feedback for the national food protection system.     

基于食品防护的出口河豚鱼加工过程控制的研究

基于食品防护和HACCP原理对出口河豚鱼加工过程控制的研究,为出口河豚鱼加工企业科学化控制加工过程提供借鉴。应用危害分析的方法,对出口河豚鱼加工过程中的生物性、化学性和物理性的食品安全危害进行识别和分析,应用关键控制点判断树的方法确定关键控制点并制定控制措施。出口河豚鱼加工过程中的关键控制点如原料验收、挑选、排盘、金属探测可以通过实施HACCP计划加以控制;而对于人为蓄意破坏而引起的危害则通过实施食品防护计划包括企业内外部安全、加工过程安全、贮存和运输过程安全等11个方面加以控制。通过实施HACCP计划和食品防护计划,可对出口河豚鱼加工过程中食品安全危害进行有效地控制,从而确保出口河豚鱼的质量。     

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE HAZARD ANALYSIS CRITICAL CONTROL POINT (HACCP) SYSTEM IN A FAST FOOD BUSINESS

The hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) system, created to prevent disease hazards caused by food and to provide food safety, has gained increasing importance in food and beverage businesses (FBBs). This part of the food industry can benefit at economic and human levels from the establishment and the effective management of such a system.

The contribution first reviews the concepts and explains the methodology underlying the HACCP system. The different stages necessary to establish an efficient HACCP system in FBBs are outlined. In the concluding part, an exemplary implementation of the system in a fast food business is described.     

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE HAZARD ANALYSIS CRITICAL CONTROL POINT (HACCP) SYSTEM IN A FAST FOOD BUSINESS

The hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) system, created to prevent disease hazards caused by food and to provide food safety, has gained increasing importance in food and beverage businesses (FBBs). This part of the food industry can benefit at economic and human levels from the establishment and the effective management of such a system.

The contribution first reviews the concepts and explains the methodology underlying the HACCP system. The different stages necessary to establish an efficient HACCP system in FBBs are outlined. In the concluding part, an exemplary implementation of the system in a fast food business is described.     

Application of hazard analysis critical control points (HACCP) to organic chemical contaminants in food

Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP) is a systematic approach to the identification, assessment, and control of hazards that was developed as an effective alternative to conventional end-point analysis to control food safety. It has been described as the most effective means of controlling foodborne diseases, and its application to the control of microbiological hazards has been accepted internationally. By contrast, relatively little has been reported relating to the potential use of HACCP, or HACCP-like procedures, to control chemical contaminants of food. This article presents an overview of the implementation of HACCP and discusses its application to the control of organic chemical contaminants in the food chain. Although this is likely to result in many of the advantages previously identified for microbiological HACCP, that is, more effective, efficient, and economical hazard management, a number of areas are identified that require further research and development. These include: (1) a need to refine the methods of chemical contaminant identification and risk assessment employed, (2) develop more cost-effective monitoring and control methods for routine chemical contaminant surveillance of food, and (3) improve the effectiveness of process optimization for the control of chemical contaminants in food.     

基于危害分析与关键控制点原理的进出口冷链食品生产加工企业新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情防控应用研究

基于危害分析与关键控制点(hazard analysis critical control point,HACCP)原理,将新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)作为一种非传统的食品安全风险加以分析研究,并将食品生产企业员工的活动纳入整个冷链食品生产的全流程进行危害分析,确定疫情防控形势下从业人员免受感染和产品免受污染的...     

危害分析关键控制点体系(HACCP)原理在罐装巴氏杀菌保鲜蟹肉生产中的运用

目的 在罐装巴氏杀菌保鲜蟹肉的生产管理中提高安全卫生水平。 方法 根据危害分析关键控制点体系(HACCP)的质量管理原理, 通过对其生产流程的每道工序进行危害分析, 确定相关措施。结果 确定了冷却、添加食品添加剂、封口、巴氏杀菌、冰水冷却、冷藏6个关键控制点, 制定了HACCP工作计划表, 确定了关键限值和纠偏措施, 构建了罐装巴氏杀菌保鲜蟹肉的HACCP管理体系模式。结论 将该管理体系运用于罐装蟹肉的生产实践, 结果表明其显著提高了该产品质量安全卫生水平, 取得良好的效果。     

速溶茶生产中的质量控制及HACCP的应用

论述了速溶茶生产中HACCP的应用和为保证产品质量对生产流程中的各道工艺进行危害分析与有效的监控。     

HACCP在孝感米酒生产中的应用研究

HACCP是一个保证食品安全的预防性管理系统。孝感米酒生产过程的危害分析包括原辅料、加工工艺和外界环境；潜在危害包括生物性、化学性和物理性；关键控制点有：原料、选曲、浸泡、蒸煮、发酵、添加功能性材料与调配、灌装与封罐、杀菌与冷却、包装和成品贮存；利用HACCP系统，加强质量管理评估，持续改进。将使米酒企业取得良好的效果。     

我国目前HACCP应用存在的问题和对策

危害分析与关键控制点(hazard analysis and critical control point,HACCP)体系是一种科学、合理、针对性很强且对食品安全进行过程控制的预防性管理体系。本文对中国目前HACCP研究和应用存在的问题,从宏观的角度,对如何推动HACCP体系的建立,如何规范第三方培训、咨询和认证机构的行为,食品生产企业如何建立HACCP体系,如何从源头上控制食品的安全,如何在运输、销售和消费环节引入HACCP管理体系等问题进行了分析,并提出了较科学的、合理的和具有可操作性的建议,对促进HACCP体系在我国食品行业的推广和应用具有重要指导意义,也为进一步促进HACCP体系在中国食品生产中发挥重要作用奠定了良好的基础。     

HACCP体系在蜂蜜生产质量控制中的应用

目的通过介绍HACCP体系在本公司蜂蜜实际生产中的运用,以期能为其他蜂产品企业提供参考,共同为人类健康事业添砖增瓦。方法通过分析从蜂蜜原料到蜂蜜终产品整个食品工艺流程,寻找关键控制点(CCP),并确定关键控制点,在发生食品安全危害之前将其危害消除或达到可以接受的水平。结果在蜂蜜生产过程中制定了2个CCP,分别为原料收购时氯霉素限量的控制和化蜜、巴氏杀菌时的微生物数量的控制。结论 HACCP体系是一项保证食品安全的预防性技术管理体系。通过引入HACCP体系,对蜂蜜产品进行有效地食品安全控制,从而确保生产出健康的蜂产品,为广大消费者提供有益健康的蜂蜜。     

HACCP系统在三文鱼丸生产中的应用

HACCP系统即危害分析与关键控制点,是一种在国内外均获得广泛认可的食品安全管理体系。为控制三文鱼丸的生产质量,提高产品质量的稳定性,根据三文鱼丸的实际生产情况,利用HACCP体系对三文鱼丸生产过程进行危害分析,确定关键控制点,并提出相应控制解决措施。     

Successful hazard analysis critical control point implementation in the United Kingdom: understanding the barriers through the use of a behavioral adherence model

Hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP), a system of risk management designed to control food safety, has emerged over the last decade as the primary approach to securing the safety of the food supply. It is thus an important tool in combatting the worldwide escalation of foodborne disease. Yet despite wide dissemination and scientific support of its principles, successful HACCP implementation has been limited. This report takes a psychological approach to this problem by examining processes and factors that could impede adherence to the internationally accepted HACCP Guidelines and subsequent successful implementation of HACCP. Utilizing knowledge of medical clinical guideline adherence models and practical experience of HACCP implementation problems, the potential advantages of applying a behavioral model to food safety management are highlighted. The models' applicability was investigated using telephone interviews from over 200 businesses in the United Kingdom. Eleven key barriers to HACCP guideline adherence were identified. In-depth narrative interviews with food business proprietors then confirmed these findings and demonstrated the subsequent negative effect(s) on HACCP implementation. A resultant HACCP awareness to adherence model is proposed that demonstrates the complex range of potential knowledge, attitude, and behavior-related barriers involved in failures of HACCP guideline adherence. The model's specificity and detail provide a tool whereby problems can be identified and located and in this way facilitate tailored and constructive intervention. It is suggested that further investigation into the barriers involved and how to overcome them would be of substantial benefit to successful HACCP implementation and thereby contribute to an overall improvement in public health.     

中小型企业如何面对HACCP挑战

<正> 不管现代科技先进到何种程度,食品安全仍然是世界范围内的公众健康问题。有数据证明,大多数因在食品供应链中对食品处理不当所导致的疾病都可以通过恰当的管理加以预防。目前,通过运用风险管理系统如 HACCP(危害分析与关键控制点)来保障食品安全的方式已经得到了广泛的赞同。HACCP 被描述为系统化运作、进行防范控制的内部管理体     

HACCP原理在速冻炸猪扒生产中的应用

目的针对速冻炸猪扒,建立一套科学合理的HACCP计划,更好地保障生产过程中食品安全。方法通过文献查阅和工厂实地调研,收集建立HACCP体系的预备信息并建立科学合理的HACCP计划。结果对速冻炸猪扒所涉及的14种原辅料、内外包装材料以及终成品进行描述,并绘制了总流程图与分解流程图,对21个工艺步骤进行描述,并基于物料、生产过程、公共设施(服务)以及过敏原进行危害分析。通过科学的危害评估方法,最终确定3个关键控制点(CCP),分别为挂糊、X光机和金属探测工艺,制定了HACCP计划,并对其有效性进行验证。结论采用HACCP体系对速冻炸猪排的生产过程进行控制,更好地保障了食品安全,且为企业降低了管理成本。     

HACCP在纯生啤酒中的应用

HACCP是控制食品安全危害的一种经济、有效和科学的预防控制技术，是一种重要的管理体系。纯生啤酒HACCP的应用关键控制点是微生物的控制、避免杂菌污染、无氧酿造以及使用技术装备较高的包装设备等。纯生啤酒HACCP纠偏措施执行表内容主要有CCP、显著危害、监控对象、控制标准、纠偏措施、记录和验收等项目。HACCP的档案记录包括原料质量、菌种质量、设备清洗、啤酒发酵、啤酒过滤、啤酒包装等。（孙悟）     

The HACCP concept: identification of potentially hazardous micro-organisms

The hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) concept is becoming an increasingly important aspect of Good Manufacturing Practices in safe food production. HACCP is a systematic means of controlling any microbiological hazard that may arise in a food processing or handling operation and aims to identify problems before they occur. The first step is to establish the hazardous organisms associated with a particular food product. An approach is presented here that permits identification of potentially hazardous bacteria. It is based on a list of all those bacteria that are known to cause foodborne disease in man. Following an evaluation of raw materials, the production process, possibilities for contamination etc., deletions from or additions to the list are made. For the organisms that are retained, it is necessary to determine whether or not they have caused foodborne disease involving identical or related food products. Where this is not the case, the organism can be deleted. In cases of doubts, an organism should not be deleted from the list of potentially hazardous agents. A more evaluation of the hazards will be made during the identification of critical control points (CCPs) and the setting of control criteria at each CCP.     

基于HACCP的麦片生产食品安全管理研究

随着人们生活水平的提高,对食品质量要求也越来越高。HACCP计划的实施与推行对食品安全管理起到了规范性的作用,为工厂开发、生产过程和HACCP体系产品规范提供了准则和指南。通过对麦片生产过程的食品安全管理问题进行初步探讨,并提出相应的解决措施和建议,给麦片生产的相关企业提供参考。     

低盐蜂蜜青梅蜜饯中微生物控制及HACCP 体系的建立

目的研究低盐调味青梅蜜饯中微生物的控制及危害分析与关键控制点(hazard analysis critical control point,HACCP)体系的应用。方法研究低盐蜂蜜青梅蜜饯生产过程各环节物料盐分与微生物变化的关系,确定加盐腌制、脱盐、调味腌制工序微生物控制的关键参数;确定原/辅料验收、加盐腌制、脱盐、调味腌制、X光异物检测为5个关键控制点,并制定HACCP计划,建立相应的监控程序和纠偏措施。结果与实施HACCP计划前相比,各工序青梅物料菌落总数明显下降,加盐腌制、脱盐、调味腌制及成品菌落总数的降幅分别为60%、92%、93%和91%,结果表明产品的品质明显得到提高。结论实施HACCP体系可有效控制低盐蜂蜜青梅蜜饯中的微生物,并为同类产品HACCP体系的建立提供参考。