Ti—Ni—Fe合金的无公度相变和公度相变

本文通过对Ti-Ni-Fe合金同时进行超声测量与电阻测量,证实降温过程的第一个声速谷主要是由驱动公度(R)相变的软模引起的,第二个声速谷归于驱动马氏体(M)相变的软模。确定了这种合金的公度相变的起始点R_s和结束点R_f。     

F40高强船板钢组织中针状铁素体形成及细化机制研究

在Gleeble1500上对高强船板钢F40的热轧工艺进行了模拟研究,对晶粒细化机理进行了详细的分析.结果表明,对奥氏体进行两阶段的大压下量轧制,为随后的相变提供更多的形核点和大的形核驱动力,大形变能诱导碳氮化物析出,阻止再结晶后的晶粒长大,但会使相变时间提前,相变温度提高;适当增加冷速能使针状铁素体明显细化,从而获得以针状铁素体为主要组织的多相结构.     

Effect of hydrogenation on the microstructure of Ti-5.6Al-4.8Sn-2.0Zr alloy

The hydride phase in the Ti-5.6Al-4.8Sn-2.0Zr alloy after hydrogenation was investigated through TEM and XRD analysis. The experimen-tal results show that the phase transition temperature of the hydrogenated Ti-5.6Al-4.8Sn-2.0Zr alloy is decreased approximately by 150-200℃. XRD analysis verifies that the hydrogenation treatment accelerates the phase transition process from α phase to β phase of the Ti-5.6Al-4.8Sn-2.0Zr alloy, so as to decrease the phase transition temperature of the alloy. Meanwhile, TiH2 hydride (δ phase) with strip structure appears in α phase and β phase.     

Application of the FITSC method for characterization of PZT-type ceramics with the diffuse phase transition

In the present work the (Pb_0.84Ba_0.16)(Zr_0.54Ti_0.46)O₃ (PBZT 16/54/46) ceramics has been studied from the point of view of its electrical properties. Dielectric properties of PBZT were measured within the temperature range of the ferroelectric-paraelectric (FE-PE) phase transition region. The method of field-induced thermally stimulated currents (FITSC) was applied and thus the thermal relaxation effects were studied. The observed field dependence of thermally stimulated depolarization currents has revealed the existence of different frequency-dependent relaxation processes in the temperature range between 200 and 400 °C.Our experiment demonstrates that modification of ferroelectric materials with isovalent ions, but bigger radii than the origin atom, significantly affect its properties, particularly the PBZT real part of electrical permittivity shows the phase transition character change from ferroelectric to relaxor and finally, that electrical examination can be effectively used for drawing decisive applications conclusions considering polarization parameters distribution.     

退火Cu-W薄膜组织结构与残余应力

以不同温度真空原位退火工艺为手段，促使制备在单晶Si（100）和Al2O3基底上的Cu-W薄膜发生相变。用X射线衍射（XRD）分析晶体取向，偏振相位移技术分析薄膜残余应力。结果表明，随退火温度变化，薄膜相变呈现连续变化，由初始的非晶态晶化，出现类W的亚稳态固溶体相，以及随退火温度的进一步增加，发生Spinodal分解，亚稳固溶体完全分解为W和Cu两相。薄膜发生相变时产生拉应力作用，而在晶粒生长阶段，拉应力释放。     

二元相图中两个被疏忽的问题

目前在二元相图中普遍存在两个被疏忽的问题:一是关于二元系中许多中间相在某一温度发生晶型转变时如何表示的问题,在已发表的二元相图资料中,大部分用水平实线或虚线来表示这种晶型转变,而二元相图中水平实线或虚线通常是用来表示三相平衡的等温反应,但中间相的晶型转变不是三相平衡的等温反应,所以,不能用实线或虚线来表示;二是对某些沸点较低的组元,在温度高于其沸点温度时,靠近这些组元的端际单相区应该是气相,而许多二元相图中仍然标为液相.本文作者认为应该重视由于疏忽而产生的这两类问题,并加以改正,以免让读者产生误解.     

Effect of compact structure on phase transformation kinetics from anatase phase to rutile phase and microstructure evolution during sintering of ultrafine titania powder compacts

The effect of compact structure both on phase transition kinetics and on the densification during sintering of n-TiO₂ compacts has been investigated. The compact structures varied from loose powder pack to very high density using different compaction pressures. The compact structure is verified to significantly affect phase transition kinetics and densification during sintering. The onset temperature of anatase -> rutile phase transition decreased with the increase of the compact density. The highest density compact of 86.9% showed phase transition at the lowest temperature and no detrimental effect on densification. The compact structure, i.e., the coordination number of particles in the compacts, is considered to significantly affect both the phase transition kinetics and the subsequent densification during the sintering of n-TiO₂ compacts.     

化合物TbMn6Sn6的磁性和磁相变

采用分子场理论模型对稀土-过渡族金属间化合物的磁性、自旋重取向相变和场诱导的一级磁相变进行了研究.从理论上计算了TbMn6Sn6的易磁化方向随温度的变化以及不同温度时的磁化曲线,描述了自旋重取向相变和场诱导的一级磁相变.基于单离子模型计算了Tb离子和化合物的一阶和二阶磁晶各向异性常数及其随温度的变化,得到了和实验数据基本一致的结果.结果表明:Mn次晶格和Tb次晶格磁晶各向异性能之间的相互竞争是导致自旋重取向相变的物理机制,而稀土离子的四阶晶场项对场诱导的一级磁相变产生很大的影响.     

两相法和单相法在集团变分法中的应用

本文提出了用于集团变分法计算相平衡的两相法和计算失稳点的单相法。对于一级相变，两相法要求一种结构的对称群包含另一种结构的对称群，这样可以得到精度很高的相变点。一级相变的相变点和失稳点不同，在温度－化学热图和温度－组分图中，单相法得到的失稳点都滞后于两相法得到的相变点；随着变化步长的减小可以得到精确的失稳点。对于二级相变，相变点和失稳点相同，两种方法都可以得到相变点和失稳点。虽然在化学势变化长很小时难以用单相法确切判断二级相变的失稳点，但在变化步长不是很小时，单相法已经可以给出足够精确的相变点。     

V_8C_7有序-无序相变及衍射消光规律的研究

V8C7有序-无序相变是一类重要的相变。本文通过利用x射线衍射和差热分析研究其相变过程,并计算V8C7、VC0.875衍射消光规律。研究结果表明：V8C7在1200-1300℃之间发生有序一无序相变,相变的温度点为1242℃,（110）、（111）、（210）、（211）、（320）、（421）、（432）晶面产生的衍射超结构线消失。通过对δ-VC1-x和V8C7结构振幅的计算,得到δ-VC1-x衍射消光规律：当h、k、l全为奇数时衍射强度减弱;当h、k、l全为偶数时衍射强度加强;h、k、l为两偶一奇或两奇一偶时完全消光。V8C7衍射消光规律：由于空位有序分布,产生超结构线的晶面为（110）、（111）、（210）、（211）、（320）、（421）、（432）。     

均匀自支撑的二氧化钒纳米线的水热合成及相变特性研究

二氧化钒(VO₂)在接近室温时发生由半导体态向金属态的Mott相变,在智能窗和红外自适应伪装技术领域具有一定的应用前景。本文采用一种新颖的水热法制备均匀自支撑的VO₂纳米线。合成的纳米线的直径为150±30 nm,长度达到几十微米。通过X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱、高分辨透射电镜和选取电子衍射等手段验证了高纯单斜相VO₂纳米线的成功制备。而且,VO₂纳米线的可逆相变性能采用差示量热扫描、变温XRD和变温Raman光谱进行了探究。结果表明：VO₂纳米线升温相变点为65.2 °C,磁滞回线宽度窄至6.5 °C,具有良好的可逆相变性。这些为VO₂纳米线的金属-半导体相变研究提供基础。     

低Al含量Ti-Al合金相变行为的分子动力学模拟

利用分子动力学模拟研究了Ti-5Al和Ti-10Al两种合金的β→α相变过程。比较分析了不同Al含量下相变过程的体系内能、径向分布函数、不同晶体结构相对含量的变化以及晶体结构的演化。结果表明:Ti-10Al较Ti-5Al更快发生α相形核析出,体现出实际相变过程中Al作为α相稳定元素的作用;β→α的结构转变通过{110}β面原子层间的相互滑移发生,并伴随一定畸变,新相与母相间晶体学关系符合{0001}α//{110}β;新相中易形成层错、孪晶等晶体缺陷,以消除部分相变过程中畸变引起的应力。     

外场在材料制备和加工过程中的应用

总结了近几年来电流、磁场、振动、微重力场和超重力场等外场在金属凝固过程的应用,及其对固态相变过程的影响;从理论上分析和论述了外场影响凝固过程和固态相变的作用机理,并展望了外场技术的发展前景.     

Low-temperature phase transitions of sodium aluminate solutions

A series of low-temperature phase transitions of sodium aluminate solutions were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Raman spectroscopy. The results indicate that NaOH concentration is a primary impact factor for the binary eutectic point and ice melting temperature of sodium aluminate solutions with low NaOH concentration. In addition, the phase transition process of sodium aluminate solutions with low NaOH concentration from 123.15 to 283.15 K is divided into four steps: non-crystal to crystal, ternary eutectic reaction, binary eutectic reaction and ice melt. The projection phase diagram of NaOH-Al(OH)₃-H₂O system at low temperature was plotted, in which the ternary eutectic temperature for sodium aluminate solutions is 183.15 K.     

Novel thermal expansion of lead titanate

Lattice parameters of lead titanate were precisely re-determined in the temperature range of -150-950℃ by high precision XRPD measurements. It was clarified that there was no any evidence for a new phase transition at low tempera-tures. Tetragonal distortion strain decreases with temperature increasing. A novel thermal expansion was observed, positive thermal expansion from -150℃ to room temperature (RT) and above 490℃, and the negative thermal expansion in the temperature range of RT-490℃. A big jump of thermal expansion coefficient is attributed to the tetragonal-cubic phase transition. A rationalization for the negative thermal expansion of PbTiO3 is due to the decrease of anion-anion repulsion as polyhedra become more regular at heating. The mechanisms of positive and negative thermal expansions were elucidated as the same nature in the homogenous tetragonal phase at present case.     

共溅射氧化法制备掺钼VO_2及其相变特性

采用共溅射氧化法,在普通玻璃衬底上室温直流溅射沉积钒钼金属薄膜,再在大气环境下经热氧化处理获得掺钼VO2薄膜。通过XRD、SEM、热致相变电学特性等分析,研究制备工艺及掺杂改性对掺钼VO2薄膜的微结构、形貌、热滞回线和相变温度的影响。实验与分析结果表明,与相同厚度的纯VO2薄膜相比,钼掺杂显著改变了VO2薄膜的表面形貌特征,掺钼VO2薄膜呈多晶态且沿VO2(002)择优取向生长,结晶性和取向性明显提高,薄膜的相变温度降低至38℃,热滞回线宽度收窄约至8℃。低温共溅射氧化法制备的掺钼VO2薄膜的热阻效应明显,薄膜的金属-半导体相变特性良好。     

Effect of Trace Yttrium Oxide on High and Low Temperature Properties of 9Cr-1Mo Weld Joint for Super Critical Unit

研究了稀土元素钇对超临界发电机组用9Cr-1Mo焊缝组织和性能的影响。采用熔滴过渡的方式将氧化钇从焊条药皮中添加到焊缝金属中,通过力学性能、相变点测试、扩散氢含量测量等试验确定了最佳综合性能的钇含量,在此基础上进一步对稀土含量相对比(RRY)为1.5实际焊接接头和未含稀土元素的商用焊条进行了室温拉伸、系列冲击、高温拉伸、硬度试验。结果表明,含稀土元素组的性能均高于未含稀土元素的试样,通过金相、SEM、XDR等分析,发现了第二相粒子是提高性能,特别是低温冲击性能的主要原因。     

退火升温速率对VO2薄膜相变性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法在云母(001)衬底表面制备氧化钒薄膜,然后通过高温退火获得VO2多晶膜.利用SEM、FTIR等手段,分析不同退火升温速率条件下所制备薄膜的微观形貌、光学性能和热致相变特性.结果表明:在退火升温速率为8 ℃/min时,所制备的VO2薄膜具有最优异的热致相变特性,相变温度为65 ℃,滞后温宽为10 ℃.     

关于触媒参与下石墨变金刚石机制的讨论

触媒参与下石墨变金刚石的机制问题，国内外研究者从未间断过对其进行探索。由于各研究者所观察的实验现象不尽相同，或对同一现象在理解上的差异，提出了这样或那样的认知，过去有、现在有，将来也还会有；国内有，国外有，同一研究机构中也可能有。在同一学术问题上，出现争论是正常和自然的，没有争论反使大家不可思议。本文介绍了国内外，特别是国内众多研究者对触媒参与下石墨变金刚石机制的看法。