沥青基C/C复合材料的致密效率研究

以高温煤沥青为浸渍剂,国产PAN基炭纤维编织的轴棒法预制体为增强材料,采用浸渍炭化致密工艺制备了沥青基炭/炭(C/C)复合材料,考察不同制备步骤下预制体致密效率的变化情况,并用扫描电子显微镜观察了C/C复合材料及基体炭的微观形貌。研究表明,随循环次数的增多,材料密度逐渐增大,密度增量逐渐减小;中间石墨化处理略微降低材料的密度,但材料的最终密度可大于1.90g/cm3。通过显微镜发现沥青基C/C复合材料内部在微观上仍存在少量裂纹和孔隙,基体炭的形态主要有区域型、流线型和镶嵌型。     

沥青基C／C复合材料的致密效率研究

以高温煤沥青为浸渍剂，国产PAN基炭纤维编织的轴棒法预制体为增强材料，采用浸渍炭化致密工艺制备了沥青基炭／炭（C／C）复合材料，考察不同制备步骤下预制体致密效率的变化情况，并用扫描电子显微镜观察了C／C复合材料及基体炭的微观形貌。研究表明，随循环次数的增多，材料密度逐渐增大，密度增量逐渐减小；中间石墨化处理略微降低材料...     

先驱体转化法制备碳纤维增强碳化硅复合材料的研究

本文采用有机硅先驱体聚碳硅烷转化成碳化硅制备连续碳纤维增强的碳化硅基复合材料。对其制备工艺,如碳纤维体积分数的控制、液相浸渍聚碳硅烷热解转化成碳化硅基体的致密化等进行了研究。结果表明,该工艺对制备连续纤维增强的陶瓷基复合材料是一种有效的方法,易于实现纤维和基体的成型、复合。致密化过程不损伤纤维。对其C/SiC复合材料的性能进行了表征,C纤维具有明显增韧碳化硅的效果,其断裂机制表现为韧性特征。     

C/C泡沫预制体液相硅浸渗制备C/SiC复合材料研究

以中间相沥青浸渍整体碳毡发泡技术制备的一种新型多孔C/C泡沫复合材料为预制体,通过液相硅浸渗(LSI)工艺制备了C/SiC复合材料,研究了预制体不同孔隙率对Si浸渗及C/SiC复合材料力学性能和微观形貌的影响,分析了复合材料的物相组成和晶体结构.结果表明,采用发泡技术可以快速有效地实现C/C预制体的致密化处理.预制体孔隙率为65.41%时液相硅浸渗处理后所得复合材料性能最好,密度为2.64g/cm3,弯曲强度为137MPa,弹性模量为150GPa.纤维未作表面抗硅化涂层处理以及复合材料中存在闭孔是C/SiC复合材料性能不佳的主要原因.     

PIP法制备C/SiOC复合材料的微结构演变与力学性能EI

碳纤维增强硅树脂衍生SiOC(C/SiOC)复合材料具有高性价比的优势,是一种应用前景良好的高温结构材料。以碳纤维针刺毡作为增强体,通过先驱体浸渍裂解(precursor infiltration pyrolysis,PIP)工艺制备C/SiOC复合材料。在首周期引入热模压交联工艺,通过优化热模压温度和压力,在不破坏针刺毡结构的前提下,有效提高了纤维体积分数和复合材料致密度,使C/SiOC复合材料的室温弯曲强度和断裂韧度分别提升至331 MPa和16.0 MPa·m^(1/2)。对C/SiOC复合材料的致密化过程的结构演变进行了分析,结果表明,基体优先填充纤维束内孔隙,复合材料的孔隙大部分集中分布在Z向纤维附近。随着制备周期的增加,复合材料的孔隙率逐渐降低,孔隙由连通孔转变为孤立孔。经过8周期“浸渍-交联-裂解”工艺,复合材料基本完成致密化。     

PIP法制备C/SiOC复合材料的微结构演变与力学性能EI北大核心

碳纤维增强硅树脂衍生SiOC(C/SiOC)复合材料具有高性价比的优势,是一种应用前景良好的高温结构材料。以碳纤维针刺毡作为增强体,通过先驱体浸渍裂解(precursor infiltration pyrolysis,PIP)工艺制备C/SiOC复合材料。在首周期引入热模压交联工艺,通过优化热模压温度和压力,在不破坏针刺毡结构的前提下,有效提高了纤维体积分数和复合材料致密度,使C/SiOC复合材料的室温弯曲强度和断裂韧度分别提升至331 MPa和16.0 MPa·m^(1/2)。对C/SiOC复合材料的致密化过程的结构演变进行了分析,结果表明,基体优先填充纤维束内孔隙,复合材料的孔隙大部分集中分布在Z向纤维附近。随着制备周期的增加,复合材料的孔隙率逐渐降低,孔隙由连通孔转变为孤立孔。经过8周期“浸渍-交联-裂解”工艺,复合材料基本完成致密化。     

C/C-ZrC复合材料的微观结构和力学性能研究

采用ZrOCl₂溶液浸渍法把锆化合物引入碳纤维预制体, 经热处理、热梯度化学气相渗透致密化和高温石墨化工艺制备了C/C-ZrC复合材料。性能测试结果表明, C/C复合材料的弯曲强度和模量随ZrC含量的增加而增大, ZrC含量为12.08wt%时, 其强度和模量分别为42.5 MPa 和9.6 GPa, 比未改性试样分别提高了70.0%和43.3%。基体中结合较弱的微米级ZrC颗粒的存在不利于碳基体强度的提高, 但其对材料最终性能的影响是次要的, 碳基体中亚微米/纳米级ZrC颗粒的存在和良好的ZrC-C界面结合, 提高了碳基体的强度和模量, 进而提高了复合材料的最终性能。     

“CVI+压力PIP”混合工艺制备低成本 C/SiC复合材料

以低成本填料改性有机硅浸渍剂作为先驱体,采用"化学气相渗透法+压力先驱体浸渍裂解法"(CVI+P-PIP)混合工艺制备了低成本C/SiC陶瓷复合材料.研究了浸渍剂裂解机理,探讨了界面涂层对复合材料性能的影响.结果表明,填料改性有机硅浸渍剂裂解产物结构致密、陶瓷产率高;压力可提高填料改性有机硅浸渍剂的致密效率.混合工艺充分利用沉积SiC基体和裂解SiC基体的致密化特点,有效缩短了制备周期.C/SiC/C三层界面不仅可降低纤维/基体之间结合强度界面,提高了复合材料韧性;而且减缓了氧化性气体扩散到碳纤维表面的速度,改善了复合材料的抗氧化性能.复合材料的抗弯强度达到455MPa,断裂韧性达到15.7MPa·m-1/2.在1300℃空气中氧化3h,复合材料失重仅8.5%.     

软硬混编预制体增强沥青基4D-C/C材料的拉伸破坏行为

以X-Y平面依次铺设炭纤维束、Z向穿插炭棒的4D软硬混编为预制体,采用沥青液相常压、高压浸渍/炭化-石墨化循环致密工艺制备4D-C/C复合材料。通过该材料Z向(炭棒方向)的拉伸实验,测定其拉伸性能和力学行为,并采用SEM分析试样表面及断口形貌。结果表明:宏观上拉伸试样以炭棒整体拔出的形式破坏;细观尺度上,试样表面形成了与载荷方向垂直的贯穿性裂纹,裂纹以2 mm左右的距离呈等间距分布;材料进一步的破坏过程中,基体裂纹在X-Y向纤维束中呈线性扩展,快速分割了基体材料,使4D-C/C复合材料的拉伸破坏演变为1D-C/C复合材料的破坏模式,由于炭棒与基体炭界面结合弱,炭棒以拔出方式失效和破坏。     

CVI-PIP工艺制备C/SiC复合材料及其显微结构研究

采用化学气相渗透(CVI)与先驱体浸渍裂解(PIP)两种工艺方法联用制备C/SiC陶瓷基复合材料,通过与单纯PIP工艺的致密化效率比较,复合材料的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)分析,结果表明:采用CVI-PIP联用的方法制备C/SiC复合材料,致密化程度有明显的提高.CVI沉积SiC基体结晶性较好,为典型的β-SiC晶体结构;而PIP先驱体聚碳硅烷裂解基体为无定型结构,基体结构差异是决定材料结构与性能的关键因素.     

无应力氧化下C/SiC复合材料弹性性能模拟及验证

结合复合材料氧化质量损失率模型和混合率公式, 发展了单向C/SiC复合材料在无应力氧化下的弹性模量预测方法。对400~700 ℃和700~900 ℃两种氧化机制下C/SiC复合材料的弹性模量进行了预测, 分析了氧化温度、氧化时间和纤维体积含量对C/SiC复合材料弹性模量的影响。开展了单向C/SiC复合材料在650 ℃和800 ℃空气环境下的无应力氧化试验, 建立了复合材料质量损失率与氧化时间的变化关系, 得到了氧化后材料拉伸应力-应变曲线。同时, 将理论预测值与试验结果进行对比, 发现理论值与试验值基本吻合, 从而验证了该方法能够有效地预测无应力氧化下陶瓷基复合材料的弹性性能。     

High mechanical performance SiC/SiC composites by NITE process with tailoring of appropriate fabrication temperature to fiber volume fraction

Unidirectional SiC/SiC composites are prepared by nano-powder infiltration and transient eutectic-phase (NITE) process, using pyrolytic carbon (PyC)-coated Tyranno-SA SiC fibers as reinforcement and SiC nano-powder with sintering additives for matrix formation. The effects of two kinds of fiber volume fraction incorporating fabrication temperature were characterized on densification, microstructure and mechanical properties. Densification of the composites with low fiber volume fraction (appropriately 30 vol%) was developed even at lower fabrication temperature of 1800 °C, and then saturated at 3rd stage of matrix densification corresponding to classic liquid phase sintering. Hence, densification of the composites with high volume fraction (above 50 vol%) became restricted because the many fibers retarded the infiltration of SiC nano-powder at lower fabrication temperature of 1800 °C. When fabrication temperature increased by 1900 °C, densification of the composites was effectively enhanced in the intra-fiber-bundles and simultaneously the interaction between PyC interface and matrix was strengthened. SEM observation on the fracture surface revealed that fiber pull-out length was accordingly changed with fabrication temperature as well as fiber volume fraction, which dominated tensile fracture behaviors. Through NITE process, SiC/SiC composites with two fracture types were successfully developed by tailoring of appropriate fabrication temperature to fiber volume fraction as follows: (1) high ductility type and (2) high strength type.     

C/C复合材料等温CVI工艺Mamdani模糊系统建模

利用隶属函数表征了碳/碳(C/C)复合材料CVI工艺各主要影响因素,基于Matlab模糊逻辑工具箱,建立了C/C复合材料等温CVI工艺Mamdani模糊系统模型,分析了沉积温度、沉积时间、预制体纤维体积分数和前驱碳氢气体与稀释气体的比率对制件密度的影响。预制体纤维体积分数是直接影响材料的密度和其它性能的因素;CVI工艺受热解化学反应和前驱气体扩散两个主要过程的控制,沉积温度或前驱碳氢气体比率升高,能够加快热解化学反应速度,使沉积速率在沉积前期(t<300h)具有较高的值,但导致材料的密度梯度增大,使后期沉积极为困难。     

孔隙缺陷对三维编织C/C复合材料等效弹性性能的影响

弹性常数是工程材料结构设计的重要参数.为了研究孔隙缺陷对三维编织C/C复合材料弹性性能的影响,考虑了纤维增强相、基体相和界面相的孔隙缺陷,建立了孔隙缺陷随机分布的纤维丝尺度和纤维束尺度的双尺度单胞模型,采用均匀化方法预报了含孔隙缺陷的三维编织C/C复合材料等效弹性常数,预报结果与实验结果吻合良好.在此基础上研究了孔隙率...     

Mechanical properties of C/C composites processed by wet impregnation and P-CVI methods

Wet impregnation with phenolic resin and P-CVI methods were used to manufacture C/C composites. The influence of impregnation process of porous 2D carbon fibre substrate with resin and pyrocarbon deposited by CVD technique on mechanical properties of formed composites was studied. The results indicate that using P-CVI method large pores remain in the matrix resulting in lower mechanical strength. This fraction does not undergo any changes during thermal treatment. The flexural modulus of C/C composites depends mainly on the type of reinforcing fibres. The values of moduli measured in composites obtained by both methods do not differ significantly. Comparison of two methods of fabrication of C/C composite show that much better strengths can be achieved by forming the carbon matrix in solid state.     

The Infiltration Process and Texture Transition of 2D C/C Composites

2D needle-punched fiber felt was infiltrated by a kind of rapid isothermal chemical vapor infiltration technique. The infiltration process and texture transition of the infiltrated C/C composites were investigated. The porosity and the variations of the cumulative pore volume were determined by mercury porosimetry. The texture of matrix carbon was studied under a polarized light microscope. The results show that the relative mass gain of the sample increases directly as the infiltration time at the initial stage until 20 h, and subsequently the increasing rate of the relative mass gain decreases gradually with the prolonging of infiltration time. Three layers of pyrocarbon were formed around fibers. Low-textured pyrocarbon was obtained at the initial stage. With the densification going on, high-textured pyrocarbon was formed on the surface of low-textured pyrocarbon. Then, low-textured pyrocarbon was produced again during the final stage of densification. The texture transition is ascribed to the variation of the ratio of cumulative inner surface area to volume of pores and the gas partial pressure in pores.     

B_4C增强铝基复合材料力学性能有限元模拟

建立了颗粒增强铝基复合材料的轴对称单胞模型,并通过有限元方法模拟了B_4C颗粒增强5083铝基复合材料的力学性能和微观应力分布。结果表明,模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好,模拟椭球体颗粒增强复合材料的抗拉强度为485 MPa,而实验值为477 MPa,相对误差仅为1.7%。颗粒形状对复合材料微观应力场有很大影响:圆柱体颗粒的尖角处容易造成应力集中,而球体颗粒界面处应力分布较为均匀。在一定范围内,复合材料的弹性模量和抗拉强度随着B_4C颗粒体积分数的增加而增加。在颗粒体积分数不变的情况下,不同长径比的颗粒沿复合材料受力方向定向排列时,颗粒的长径比越大,复合材料的弹性模量、强度等力学性能也越高。     

Microstructures and mechanical behaviors of CVI-based C/C composites containing h-BN powdered additives

Hexagonal boron nitride(h-BN) powders were introduced into carbon fiber preform by powder addition and subsequent combined with chemical vapor infiltration(CVI) for densification to prepare carbon fiber reinforced/carbon and boron nitride dual matrix composites(C/C-BN). Microstructures and mechanical properties of C/C composites with three different volume contents of h-BN powders were investigated in comparison to pure C/C composites. Results indicated that the introduction of h-BN powders into C/C composites significantly reduced the size of Py C and the anisotropy of thermal contraction in matrix,leading to a gradual disappearance of ring defects as the h-BN content increased. In addition, an enhanced interfacial bonding between fiber and matrix obtained due to higher-textured Py C and rougher fiber surface. Thereby, the flexural strengths and modulus of as-prepared composites decreased firstly and then increased, while the impact toughness presented a decreasing tendency as the content of BN powders increased. Furthermore, with the increasing of h-BN content, anisotropies of compressive properties were weakened, and the compressive strength of C/C-BN composites were always higher than that of pure C/C composit. However, when C/C composites modified by 13.5 vol% content of h-BN, excessive loose BN aggregates appeared in C/C-BN composites, leading to a relatively slight reduction of compressive strength.     

数值模拟碳纳米管增强铝基复合材料的力学性能

本文根据连续介质理论,采用代表性体积元的方法计算了碳纳米管增强铝基复合材料的力学性能。使用有限元软件ABAQUS对代表性体积元模型进行分析,研究了不同碳纳米管体积分数对复合材料弹性模量、屈服强度、泊松比及剪切模量的影响。结果表明碳纳米管体积分数对复合材料力学性能有显著影响,随着碳纳米管体积分数的增加,复合材料的弹性模量、屈服强度及剪切强度都明显提高,泊松比略有下降。