GEO与LEO间激光通信轨道特性仿真

为了优化GEO与LEO间激光通信系统的性能,建立了卫星通信轨道特性仿真模型。通过对一年内卫星数据的分析可知,卫星通信终端间的多普勒频移变化范围约为5109 Hz,可以使用多普勒频移补偿方法减少GEO与LEO之间的多普勒频移影响。对于相干通信,终端必须进行频移补偿;提前量角的范围大于激光束散角,因此终端需要进行提前量补偿,激光通信系统可根据提前量角对视轴进行提前修正,以减少相对速度对激光通信的影响;太阳干扰和地球遮挡的时间较长,应该进行卫星组网以改善可通率,在通信过程中应根据通信终端时间,优化两个通信终端的工作流程;GEO和LEO终端的视轴变化情况不同,因此应该为卫星设计不同结构。     

低轨卫星物联网星地距离时间同步及多普勒频偏补偿技术

针对低轨卫星（LEO）围绕地球做高速运动造成的传播距离远、多普勒频移大的特点，分析多普勒频移对星地同步和通信质量造成的影响，采用基于星历信息和网络规划等态势预测手段实现多普勒频移计算和预补偿技术，对星地多普勒频移进行粗补偿，并结合物理层波形采用的直接扩频序列特点，通过延迟锁定完成频移跟踪修正，保证卫星链路的高质量可靠连接，确保卫星物联网的高效可靠安全运行。     

LEO星地Wi-Fi方案设计与验证

低轨(LEO)卫星到地面之间的无线保真(Wi-Fi)通信系统当前已经获得了广泛关注.针对LEO卫星信道的高误码、长时延等特点,采用导频插入、选择重传、帧聚合等方法对IEEE802.11 g进行改进,并在开放式无线接入研究平台(WARP)v3上完成了改进方案的设计.对改进后方案的多普勒频偏性能、远距离传输速率以及高速移动条件下的传输速率等系统性能进行测试的结果表明,改进后方案在复杂信道环境下可以获得比商业Wi-Fi更好的系统性能.通过模拟验证改进方案的系统性能,证明了基于LEO卫星的Wi-Fi卫星通信系统的可实现性.     

Study on application of CMA to land mobile LEO satellite communication systems based on a deterministic channel model

This paper studies the application of the constant modulus algorithm (CMA) in land mobile low earth orbit (LEO) satellite communication systems. Two propagation phenomena prevail in narrow band land mobile LEO satellite channel, namely, adjacent channel interference (ACI) and frequency‐non‐selective fading. The performance of CMA for ACI cancellation and the behaviours of CMA in frequency‐non‐selective fading channels are evaluated using a digital beamforming (DBF) array antenna simulation scheme. All these evaluations are based on a simple but efficient channel model which provides a good and fast simulation method for land mobile LEO satellite channels. The restricted Jakes Doppler power spectral density (psd) function is incorporated into the model to ensure that it will be appropriate for the evaluation of a DBF antenna. Our results reveal that CMA can reject ACI and work well in frequency‐non‐selective fading channels. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于模糊规则的低轨卫星信道自适应估计算法

低轨卫星通信功率控制需要有对信道增益及时的估计,而由于低轨系统链路增益的时变特性使传统的信道估计方法性能受到限制.基于模糊滤波理论,提出一种在功率控制中使用的自适应LMS信道估计算法,根据分析模型和经验数据建立信道增益及其滑动均值大小的模糊集,利用LMS算法调整模糊隶属函数的参数,使算法具有对信道时变特性一定的适应性.仿真结果表明了算法的有效性.     

Rain Attenuation and Doppler Shift Compensation for Satellite Communications

In high‐speed multimedia satellite communication systems, it is essential to provide high‐quality, economical services by using efficient transmission schemes which can overcome channel impairments appearing in the satellite link. This paper introduces techniques to compensate for rain attenuation and the Doppler shift in the satellite communication link. An adaptive transmission technique with a control algorithm to adaptively allocate transmission schemes is used as a countermeasure to rain attenuation. We introduce a new rain attenuation modeling technique for estimating system performance and propose a novel Doppler shift compensation algorithm with reduced hardware complexity. Extensive simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can provide greatly enhanced performance compared to conventional algorithms. Simulation software and hardware which incorporate the proposed techniques are also demonstrated.     

面向低轨通信星座的导航定位方法比对研究

当前基于低轨卫星的导航定位方法研究成为国内外热点,其中基于低轨通信卫星的导航定位技术更是当前研究的重点方向。然而低轨通信星座较低的时空基准精度给导航定位带来了较大的挑战,针对弱时空基准约束的低轨卫星导航定位体制设计还处在研究的初级阶段。本文针对低轨通信星座的导航定位服务需求,基于LEO通信卫星的伪码测距信号与多普勒测频信号,开展精度因子（Dilution of Precision,DOP）及定位精度均方根误差（Root Mean Square Error,RMSE）分析,并对两类测量体制下的低轨通信星座导航定位服务性能进行分析论证。理论分析与仿真结果表明,在设定低轨通信卫星10 m～30 m弱时空基准误差的约束下,多普勒测频体制具有更优的导航定位精度,其周期平滑后的三维RMSE值为1.28 m,相比伪码测距体制下的三维RMSE值优化了86.8%;二维RMSE值为0.99 m,相比于伪码测距体制提升了52.9%。本文提出了一种较为可靠的低轨通信星座多普勒定位方案,为未来低轨通信卫星用于导航定位服务提供了有益参考。     

卫星通信中多普勒频偏的预校正

在低轨道卫星通信中，由于多普勒效应,无线电信号会产生频率偏移现象，这为接收机设计带来了一定的困难。一种新方法可用于消除多普勒频偏的影响：根据卫星与地面接收站之间的相对位置和速度，可预先计算出信号的多普勒频偏。据此实时地修正接收机中数字频率合成器输出的本振频率,以达到消除多普勒频偏的目的。     

基于分布式星群的双层星座设计

当前,陆地通信系统已无法满足日益复杂的信息需求,利用空间信息网络实现全球范围内的无缝覆盖和高效容量传输成为研究热点。现有卫星通信系统以单层星座为主,缺少高低轨卫星之间的协同。提出了一种基于分布式星群的双层星座设计,以基于分布式星群的低轨卫星作为网络架构的基础,采用星间链路实现低轨卫星之间的通信,通过高轨卫星实现中低纬度地区覆盖性能加强。仿真结果表明,所提方法在仅依靠在国内部署卫星地面站的前提下可实现全球多重覆盖。     

基于纠缠度计算的低轨道量子卫星通信切换算法

为了解决低轨道(Low Earth Orbit, LEO) 量子卫星通信的越区切换问题,提出了基于纠缠度计算的量子卫星通信切换算法。在卫星与终端距离和量子噪声的作用下,得出了环境与量子系统消相干后两粒子系统的纠缠度,并且系统始终选择与终端纠缠度最大的卫星进行切换。仿真结果表明,LEO卫星在700km和1400km轨道上在一定纠缠度下的切换成功率可达到95%以上,这很好的实现了量子卫星的平稳切换,对于构建未来全球量子通信系统及其标准的制定有着重要的技术支撑作用。     

Particle filter based automatic frequency control scheme by combining the two-step structure

In this paper a new automatic frequency control (AFC) scheme was proposed,which could be used for the receiver of low earth orbit (LEO) satellite communication system in continuous transmitting scenari...     

Performance of DS/CDMA systems with differential M-ary orthogonal modulation and RS-coding for LEO satellite communications

This paper presents a coded modulation scheme based on M-ary orthogonal modulation by means of Walsh–Hadamard (WH) sequences, suitable for low-earth-orbit (LEO) direct sequence/code division multiple access (DS/CDMA) satellite communication systems. Based on the IS-95 scheme, we consider Reed–Solomon (RS)-coded M-ary orthogonal modulation with error or erasures decoding, which presents good performance enhancement with low complexity. LEO satellite links are characterized by large Doppler frequency shifts caused by the difference in velocity between the satellite and the earth mobile terminal, which make conventional non-coherent detection ineffective. In order to overcome the phase shift variations during the symbol period, which result in orthogonality loss of the WH sequences, we applied a differential encoding process to the spreading sequences or the WH chips prior to transmission. A special diversity process suitable for the environment under consideration is also applied. Simulation results show that the proposed diversity/coding/modulation scheme attains very good performance at low transmitter/receiver complexity. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Interference considerations in frequency sharing between low earth orbit satellites and the geostationary fixed satellite and terrestrial service

Recently many companies and consortia have considered launching LEO satellites for such projects as remote sensing, transportation and mining operations. When the multiple low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites are transmitting they can interfere with existing terrestrial microwave and satellite earth-stations in the fixed and mobile service. The interference problem is related to the number of proposed LEOs and the altitude and consequently the time to orbit the earth. These systems usually consist of many small satellites, and each satellite stays in the beam of a terrestrial station for up to 72 seconds in each 222 minute orbit. Earth coverage could be obtained by 48 (LEO) satellites 1500 km above the earth in polar orbit, and hence at least one LEO would always be interfering with terrestrial networks. A technical evaluation would then be required to determine the resultant BER (bit error rate) effecting existing terrestrial services. A determination can then be made to support such a LEO system or object via official channels such as the ITU.     

Interference management for spectral coexistence in a heterogeneous satellite network

With the advent of the fifth generation of mobile radio communication by 2020, there will be many challenges such as increasing service demand with low delay in providing billions of end users called the satellite mobile users. It is expected that terrestrial communication systems will be faced with a dense network having many small cells anywhere and anytime. Therefore, there are some remote regions in the world where terrestrial systems cannot provide any services to end users. Furthermore, because of lack of spectral resources, it is very important that the spectrum is shared between satellite systems and terrestrial equipment by a suitable solution to interference management. In this paper, a heterogeneous satellite network that includes low earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellation and terrestrial equipment is proposed to provide low delay services. In this type of structure, interference management based on transmission power control between LEO satellite systems and mobile users is very important for obtaining high throughput. Moreover, in order to mitigate interference, transmission power control is shown based on noncooperative Stackelberg game under many subgames through pricing‐based algorithm and convex optimization method. Finally, the simulation results show that the performance of this study's system model will be improved through the proposed algorithm.     

可重构全息超表面辅助卫星通信关键技术

超密集低地球轨道卫星通信网络能弥补传统地面网络频谱资源稀缺、覆盖范围有限的不足,有潜力提供全球大规模接入的高速率服务。由于卫星的高速移动性,卫星通信对天线性能,如波束控制能力和天线增益等,也提出了更为严苛的要求。因此,对一种新型的超材料天线——可重构全息超表面（reconfigurable holographic surface,RHS）辅助卫星通信展开了研究。RHS采用全息原理对超材料单元进行电控,从而实现波束成形。基于 RHS 的硬件结构和全息工作原理,提出了一种 RHS 辅助多卫星通信方案,该方案同时考虑卫星跟踪和数据传输。同时,设计了全息波束成形优化算法以最大化和速率。仿真结果验证了所提方案的有效性并表明了相较于传统相控阵天线,RHS提供了一种成本效益更高的卫星通信支持方式。     

The simulation modelling and performance analysis of low earth orbit satellite communication networks for personal communications

This paper extends previous research efforts related to the simulation performance modelling and analysis of satellite communication networks. Specifically, the use of low earth orbit (LEO) satellite networks for personal communications is examined. Six different satellite constellation configurations are investigated in a packet‐switched operating environment. Performance metrics examined are the end‐to‐end packet delay and the utilization of satellite channels in the dynamic environment. Realistic and accurate models of the physical satellite network and its terrestrial transmitters require that numerous operating characteristics and assumptions be specified. These are based on proposed design requirements of commercial systems, such as Iridium. Via the use of simulation, we show the relative delay and utilization performance of differing satellite network architectures. From these simulation models, mathematical metamodels are derived for the system delays. These innovative models are used to predict the delay performance of different network architectures not previously simulated. Comparison of these metamodels with simulation results show that metamodels provide an accurate means for performance prediction. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

5G低轨卫星两步随机接入方案及其FPGA实现

为了实现低轨卫星通信系统高效率低时延的用户接入,提出了适用于低轨卫星系统的两步随机接入方案,对随机接入信道的数据发送、信道结构、前导码设计以及映射关系进行了设计,并进行了现场可编程门阵列（Field Programmable Gate Array,FPGA)实现。针对传统MAX-LOG-MPA算法FPGA处理时延长的问题,提出了一种节点并行迭代更新的FPGA接收机设计来降低处理时延。仿真结果验证了所设计的信道结构以及FPGA实现的可行性,相比传统接入方式可接入的用户数量更多,同时采用并行节点迭代更新的接收机将迭代处理时延降低为1/6。     

基于多普勒的二维切换预测算法

文中研究了在低轨卫星星座中,星上处理器利用地面移动用户终端上行信号固有的多普勒频移信息预测切换时间的算法,该算法无需用户终端额外辅助。针对DDBHP算法预测误差大、成功率低等问题,提出了二维切换预测（2-DDUHP）算法,分析了解其唯一性,并给出了低复杂度的求解过程。研究表明：该预测算法能在各种仰角和测量条件下稳定工作,并能容忍较大的多普勒测量误差,有较强的实用价值。     

一种基于低轨卫星通信的定时同步研究

定时恢复是数字接收机中的关键技术,基于某特定LEO低轨卫星通信系统应用,重点研究了异步时钟采样恢复法的工作原理,提出了一种改进的Gardner定时误差检测算法,给出了整个定时环路的具体实现方案,并针对其性能进行了分析。仿真结果表明,在大多普勒加速度的卫星信道环境下,该方案能够满足系统设计的要求,且实现结构简单、优化,可大幅降低算法复杂度,在较高信噪比的情况下,具有更加优化的性能。     

一种改进的高动态QPSK信号解调算法

正交相移键控(QPSK)调制解调方式广泛应用于深空通信、数字卫星通信等高速系统中,高动态QPSK信号具有较大的多普勒载波频偏,针对现有的解调算法对QPSK信号频偏估计范围小、精度较低等问题,提出了一种改进的高动态QPSK信号解调算法。该算法利用基于Zoom-FFT的Quinn频率估计算法对载波频偏进行估计,将频偏估计分为粗估计和精估计两个过程,对估计所得频偏进行补偿后利用Costas环完成载波同步。在MATLAB中对算法进行了仿真,仿真结果表明,该算法能够实现对高动态大频偏QPSK信号的有效捕获,与传统的解调方式相比,该算法对载波频偏的估计范围更大,且具有更高的频偏估计精度和更好的误码性能。