基于高阶滑模速度控制器的异步电机模型预测转矩控制

针对三相异步电机驱动系统,提出一种基于高阶滑模速度控制器的模型预测转矩控制策略.为了降低负载扰动对系统运行性能的影响,设计一种基于二阶Super-Twisting滑模技术的速度环控制器,以代替传统PI速度控制器,并应用Lyapunov稳定性理论对其稳定性和鲁棒性进行分析,得到使速度控制系统收敛的参数范围.为了提升转矩控制精度,基于异步电机的数学模型,采用模型预测转矩控制理论,以转矩和定子磁链为控制目标设计评价函数,得到最优输出电压矢量驱动电机运行.仿真结果表明,所提出的控制方法能有效提升系统对负载扰动的鲁棒性,并有效降低转矩波动,使电机具有良好的动态和静态运行性能.     

解耦变结构交流速度控制系统的研究

本文提出了一种新型的AC速度控制系统——解耦变结构控制系统。它利用解耦原理简化感应电动机的数学模型,然后采用变结构控制原理克服转子电阻随温度变化带来的不良影响,保证了系统的动态和静态性能。文中推导出解耦变结构速度控制系统的数学模型、滑模控制器结构,并给出仿真结果。     

基于MPC的无传感器永磁同步电机NFTSMC仿真研究

为了提高注塑机中永磁同步电机控制系统的运行可靠性,优化永磁同步电机的调速系统动态性能,提出了一种基于模型预测电流控制的无速度传感器永磁同步电机非奇异快速终端滑模控制策略.以模型预测电流控制作为电流控制内环,取代传统的PI调节器,能够有效地抑制电流纹波,提高电流的动态跟踪性能.根据非奇异终端滑模的设计原理,构造外环速度控制器,从而生成期望的q轴电流,提高了系统的稳定性.设计无速度传感器对电机运行转速进行在线辨识,实现对转速和转子位置准确地估计.并与传统的PI调节器进行对比,仿真与实验结果表明该控制策略具有较高的可靠性和快速性.     

异步电机矢量控制系统的设计及仿真研究

研究异步电机控制系统优化问题,系统要求稳定性和抗干扰性能。传统的矢量控制中速度调节器和电流调节器采用PI调节器,依据PI调节器特性,在控制过程中速度响应会出现超调。为了解决上述问题,提出了一种异步电机矢量控制中速度调节器的设计方法,以抑止异步电机矢量控制中速度响应的超调和增强抗扰性为目的。异步电机矢量控制采用转子磁场定向实现解耦,并采用速度环、电流环双环控制方法,根据内模控制原理,设计用一种速度调节器,取代常规的PI调节,成功解决了转速的超调和负载扰动对电机转速的影响。仿真结果表明,提高了响应特性,为优化设计提供了参考。     

基于Simulink仿真的电动机变结构调速

为了改善直流电动机降压调速的动态特性,减小电枢电流脉动,文中提出一种直流电动机降压调速新方法,用双滑模面变结构控制DC-DC变换器进行直流电动机降压调速,利用双滑模面分别实现直流电动机内外环控制,内环滑模面用于电流控制环,外环滑模面用于转速控制环.通过Matlab中的Simulink工具仿真和比较表明直流电动机采用这种变结构控制降压调速,可得到平滑无级调速;其响应的上升时间、调整时间均很小;对外界扰动和参数摄动有很强的鲁棒性;电枢电流和电磁转矩冲击可控制在允许值内,具有理想的调速性能.该方法具有一定的实用价值.     

基于滑模变结构的感应电动机直接转矩控制

针对感应电动机常规直接转矩控制中存在磁链、转矩脉动大,低速控制不精确等问题,在建立α-β坐标系感应电动机数学模型的基础上,提出了一种基于滑模变结构的新型直接转矩控制方法。该方法利用转速滑模变结构控制器代替常规直接转矩控制中的PI控制器,可有效减小常规直接转矩控制中的磁链和转矩脉动,增强了系统的稳定性。仿真结果证明了该方法的正确性。     

模糊滑模控制和负载转矩补偿的异步电动机直接转矩控制

针对异步电动机(IM)转矩脉动以及抗干扰能力差的问题,设计了基于模糊滑模控制(FSMC)与负载转矩补偿的新型直接转矩控制(DTC),取代传统PID速度调节器的是一种滑模控制器.为解决滑模控制器中负载转矩脉动的问题,用模糊逻辑控制器取代了传统滑模控制律中的不连续部分,可以明显降低异步电动机在低速运转时的转矩脉动.提出了一种负载转矩观测器来估计未知的负载转矩.负载转矩观测器用来估计负载转矩扰动,估计作为速度环的前馈补偿.仿真结果表明:在低速负载转矩扰动时,该设计具有更好的动态响应和速度性能、更高鲁棒性和更强的抗干扰能力.     

Vector control for induction motor drives based on adaptive variable structure control algorithm

This paper presents a new adaptive robust control for induction motor drives. The proposed control scheme is based on the so‐called field oriented control theory that allows to control the induction motor like a separately excited direct current motor drive, where the field flux (produced by the field current) and the armature flux (produced by the armature current) are decoupled. The robust control law is based on the sliding mode control theory, but unlike the traditional sliding mode control schemes, the proposed design incorporates an adaptive switching gain that avoids the need of calculating an upper limit of the system uncertainties. Moreover the proposed control law is smoothed out in order to avoid the high control activity inherent to the switching control laws. The resulting closed loop system is proven to be stable using the Lyapunov stability theory. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society     

Adaptive sensorless robust control of AC drives based on sliding mode control theory

This paper focuses in the design of a new adaptive sensorless robust control to improve the trajectory tracking performance of induction motors. The proposed design employs the so‐called vector (or field oriented) control theory for the induction motor drives, being the designed control law based on an integral sliding‐mode algorithm that overcomes the system uncertainties. This sliding‐mode control law incorporates an adaptive switching gain in order to avoid the need of calculating an upper limit for the system uncertainties. The proposed design also includes a new method in order to estimate the rotor speed. In this method, the rotor speed estimation error is presented as a first‐order simple function based on the difference between the real stator currents and the estimated stator currents. The stability analysis of the proposed controller under parameter uncertainties and load disturbances is provided using the Lyapunov stability theory. The simulated results show, on the one hand that the proposed controller with the proposed rotor speed estimator provides high‐performance dynamic characteristics, and on the other hand that this scheme is robust with respect to plant parameter variations and external load disturbances. Finally, experimental results show the performance of the proposed control scheme. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Cascade fuzzy variable structure control of induction motor based on the approach of fuzzy modelling of Ben-Ghalia

In this article, a control design concept using fuzzy sets for an induction motor is presented. The aim of the proposed modelling approach is to provide a fuzzy set-based representation of the cascade sliding mode control of an induction motor fed by PWM voltage source inverter, which operates in a fixed reference frame. For this purpose, a new decoupled and reduced model is first proposed. Then, a set of simple surfaces and associated control laws are synthesised. A piecewise smooth control function with a threshold is adopted. However, the magnitude of this function depends closely on the upper bound of uncertainties, which include parameter variations and external disturbances. This bound is difficult to obtain prior to motor operation. To solve this problem, a fuzzy modelling approach is presented to improve the design and tuning of a fuzzy logic controller using variable structure control theory. The robust fuzzy control design is made feasible without resorting to model simplification or imposing restrictive conditions on the system uncertainty. The fuzzy controller is designed in order to improve the control performances and to reduce the control energy and the chattering phenomenon. Simulation results reveal some very interesting features and show that the proposed fuzzy sliding mode controller could be considered as an alternative to the conventional sliding mode control of induction motors.     

A Quasi‐Sliding Mode Observer‐based Controller for PMSM Drives

In this paper a quasi‐sliding mode control for a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is proposed where a cascade control scheme based on a properly designed state observer provides accurate speed tracking performance. The ultimate boundedness of both the observation error and the speed tracking error is proven. The controller performance has been validated using hardware in the loop (HIL) tests on a simulator based on the model of a commercial PMSM drive. Tests show that the proposed observer‐based controller produces good speed trajectory tracking performance and it is robust in the presence of disturbances affecting the system.     

基于嵌套自适应观测器的 连铸结晶器振动位移系统有限时间容错控制

针对连铸结晶器振动位移系统存在伺服电机驱动单元等执行器故障和负载转矩扰动问题, 本文提出一种基于嵌套自适应观测器的有限时间容错策略. 首先, 设计一种嵌套自适应观测器在线估计由执行器故障和负载转矩扰动构成的综合不确定项; 其次, 采用分层设计与终端滑模相结合的方法, 分别对位移子系统和电流环子系统设计全阶滑模控制器(FOSMC)和终端滑模控制器补偿综合不确定项, 并通过引入一阶低通滤波器来提高控制信号的连续性. 理论分析表明, 本文所提容错控制策略能够保证闭环系统所有状态有限时间稳定; 最后, 通过仿真对比研究验证了本文所提控制策略的有效性.     

SLIDING‐MODE LINEARIZATION TORQUE CONTROL OF AN INDUCTION MOTOR

This paper proposes a sliding‐mode linearization torque control (SMLTC) for an induction motor (IM). An ideal feedback linearization torque control method is firstly adopted in order to decouple the torque and flux amplitude of the IM. However, the system parameters are uncertainties, which will influence the control performance of the IM in practical applications. Hence, to increase the robustness of the IM drive for high‐ performance applications, this SMLTC aims to improve the immunity of those uncertainties. We modify the flux observer of Benchaib and Edwards [15] by means of the adaptive sliding‐mode method. This not only eliminates the estimation of the uncertainty bounds, but also improves the performance of sliding control. In addition, a practical application of the proposed SMLTC, with a model reference adaptive control (MRAC) scheme incorporated as the inner and outer loop controller used for position control, is also presented. Some experiments are presented to verify the control theory and demonstrate the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed SMLTC.     

Path‐Tracking Control of a Riderless Bicycle Via Road Preview and Speed Adaptation

In this study, a genetic‐fuzzy control system is used to control a riderless bicycle where control parameters can adapt to the speed change of the bicycle. The equations of motion are developed for a bicycle with constraints of rolling‐without‐slipping contact condition between the wheels and ground. This controller consists of two loops: the inner is a roll‐angle‐tracking controller which generates steering torque to control the roll angle while guaranteeing the stability, and the outer is a path‐tracking controller which generates the reference roll angle for the inner loop. The inner loop is a sliding‐mode controller (SMC) designed on the basis of a linear model obtained from a system identification process. By defining a stable sliding surface of error dynamics and an appropriate Lyapunov function, the bicycle can reach the roll‐angle reference in a finite time and follow that reference without chattering. The outer loop determines the proper reference roll‐angle by using a fuzzy‐logic controller (FLC) in which previewing and tracking errors are taken into consideration. The robustness of the proposed controller against speed change and external disturbances is verified by simulations.     

二阶滑模控制在直流无刷电机转速调节中的应用

针对受参数不确定和负载扰动影响的直流无刷电机的鲁棒速度控制问题,采用二阶滑模控制中的超螺旋算法设计速度控制器。控制器将不连续控制作用在滑模量的二阶微分上,不但保持了传统一阶滑模的性能,而且消弱了系统抖振。仿真结果表明,算法对负载和参数的变化具有很强的鲁棒性,有效地消弱了传统滑模的抖振现象。     

基于准连续高阶滑模的可重复使用运载器再入姿态控制

针对可重复使用运载器再入段的姿态控制问题,提出一种基于准连续高阶滑模的控制方法。将姿态控制系统分为两个回路,分别为角度控制回路与角速度控制回路。角度回路作为外回路产生角速度指令,角速度回路作为内回路跟踪外回路产生的角速度控制指令。为了提高系统的鲁棒性,对两个回路分别设计滑模控制器。外回路中设计基于低通滤波的终端滑模控制方法,以获得平滑的控制量作为角速度指令。内回路设计增加系统相对阶的准连续高阶滑模方法,使控制律中不直接含有符号函数项,保证系统稳定的同时减弱控制器抖振。在具有外界干扰与参数不确定的情况下,使用本文提出的方法进行仿真试验,仿真结果证明了所提出方法的有效性。     

基于EKF和SMC的永磁同步电机无传感器矢量控制

采用扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)算法估计永磁同步电机(PMSM)转速和转子位置,构成转速、电流双闭环的无传感器矢量控制系统.针对扩展卡尔曼滤波为有偏估计、对模型误差鲁棒性差等问题,提出了基于指数趋近律的滑模转速控制器.为提高转速环抗负载转矩扰动能力,设计负载转矩观测器并将观测结果引入到电流控制器的输入端,作为速度控制器前馈补偿的控制输入.仿真实验结果表明,与传统采用PI(proportional-integral)转速控制器的系统相比,文中所提控制策略具有转速跟踪误差小、响应快、无超调、抗负载扰动能力强等优点.     

直流电机神经元PID调速系统设计与仿真

针对传统PI双闭环直流电机调速系统存在响应速度慢、超调量大、抗干扰能力及自适应能力差等问题,提出了一种双闭环直流电机调速系统的神经元PID转速调节器设计方法。该转速调节器采用神经元控制器和比例控制相结合进行设计,从而构成了一种具有自学习、自适应能力的神经元PID控制器,然后与传统单神经元PID设计的转速调节器控制效果进行了对比。结果表明,基于神经元PID转速调节器的双闭环直流电机调速系统具有较快的响应速度、良好的动态和静态稳定性、较强的自适应能力和抗干扰能力。     

Nonlinear adaptive control using the Fourier integral and itsapplication to CSTR systems

This paper presents a new nonlinear adaptive tracking controller for a class of general time-variant nonlinear systems. The control system consists of an inner loop and an outer loop. The inner loop is a fuzzy sliding mode control that is used as the feedback controller to overcome random instant disturbances. The stability of the inner loop is designed by the sliding mode control method. The other loop is a Fourier integral-based control that is used as the feedforward controller to overcome the deterministic type of uncertain disturbance. The asymptotic convergence condition of the nonlinear adaptive control system is guaranteed by the Lyapunov direct method. The effectiveness of the proposed controller is illustrated by its application to composition control in a continuously stirred tank reactor system.     

Nonlinear robust sliding mode control of a quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle based on immersion and invariance method

We present an asymptotic tracking controller for an underactuated quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle using the sliding mode control method and immersion and invariance based adaptive control strategy in this paper. The control system is divided into two loops: the inner‐loop for the attitude control and the outer‐loop for the position. The sliding mode control technology is applied in the inner‐loop to compensate the unmatched nonlinear disturbances, and the immersion and invariance approach is chosen for the outer‐loop to address the parametric uncertainties. The asymptotic tracking of the position and the yaw motion is proven with the Lyapunov based stability analysis and LaSalle's invariance theorem. Real‐time experiment results performed on a hardware‐in‐the‐loop‐simulation testbed are presented to validate the good control performance of the proposed scheme. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.