近液相线法铸造非枝晶A356合金组织与成形性能

用近液相线半连续铸造法制备出具有等轴晶粒的半固态A356合金坯料，合适的铸造工艺为铸造温度615℃，保温20min,铸造温度120mm/min，冷却水流量0.086m^3/min，在电阻炉加热的条件下，半固态A356合金坯料的重熔加热温度场均匀，合适的加热温度为580-590℃，在模具温度400-600℃的条件下，触变成形汽车发动机用轴瓦盖热处理后的σ值达到290.2MPa，δ5达到12.9%。     

6061合金半固态电磁半连续铸造与模锻成型组织及性能研究

采用金相显微镜和电子拉伸机,研究了6061合金半固态坯料的电磁半连续铸造、二次加热、触变模锻成形以及成形件热处理。结果表明:采用近液相线电磁半连续铸造技术制备的6061合金半固态坯料微观组织为均匀、细小非枝晶组织;低过热度浇铸时,临界晶核半径减小,此时在电磁场作用下,降低了熔体的温度梯度,促进了准固相原子团簇在熔体中形成,形核率增大;二次加热时,初生α-Al不断球化,淬火组织也呈圆整状,620±5℃、保温15 min,模具温度250~300℃,留模时间10~15 s,触变成形出表面光洁的成形件;经T5处理后,抗拉强度达到328 MPa,延伸率达到8%,大大高于压铸成形件的性能。半固态压铸成形由于成形速度高,溶体高速充型,造成成形件气孔率高,使成形件组织致密度不如半固态模锻成形件,这是半固态压铸件强度低、模锻件强度高的主要原因。     

触变成形AlSi7Mg合金的组织与性能

AlSi7Mg合金半固态浆料经触变成形及热处理后,其性能得到显著提高。试验采用电子显微镜、扫描电镜及电子拉伸机,研究了液相半连续铸造法制备的AlSi7Mg合金半固态浆料的组织、二次加热的合金组织、经触变成形及T6处理后的组织与性能。结果表明,触变成形并经热处理后的AlSi7Mg合金,其组织中析出相为Al3Si和AlSi化合物,σb达到290.2MPa,δ5达到12.9%,此结果为液相线半连续铸造AlSi7Mg合金触变成形的深入研究奠定了基础。     

液相线半连续铸造A356铝合金触变成形的组织与性能

研究了液相线半连续铸造法制备A356铝合金半固态浆触变成形并经固溶时效处理后的组织与性能，结果表明，触变成形与热处理后的A356件，其σb值达到238MPa,δ5达到17％，此结果为液相线半连续铸造A356铝合金触变成形的深入研究奠定了基础。     

7075铝合金半固态触变-塑变复合成形的试验研究

采用三段式感应加热研究了半固态7075铝合金挤压棒材的组织演变规律。以某型号尾翼结构件为研究对象,设计了尾翼半固态触变成形模具,研究了7075高强铝合金尾翼半固态触变-塑变复合近净成形的组织。当平均加热速度为4℃/s时,坯料上端最高加热温度为620℃,保温5min,制件复杂薄壁部位成形完整,尺寸精度高,其纵截面的微观组织为半固态到固态的梯度分布状态。     

半固态Y112铝合金成形组织与性能

采用近液相线半连续多模铸造法制备出Y112铝合金半固态坯料。分别考察了半固态合金流变成形件、触变成形件和常规压铸件的组织与性能。结果表明：Y112铝合金的半固态流变成形件的组织细小、均匀，硬度为112HV，优于触变成形件和常规压铸件的。     

7075Al合金液相线半连续铸造组织及形成机理

研究了液相线半连续铸造法制备7075Al合金半固态浆料的组织，合金熔体在常规铸造温度（720℃）下浇注获得的锭坯边部是粗大的枝晶，中间部位组织极不均匀；在接近液相线温度（642℃）保温30min后的铸造组织较好，中心部位和边部组织的差异较小，在液相线温度附近（638℃）保温后进行半连续铸造获得的锭坯中心和边部组织均是均匀、细小的近球形组织。一次冷却强度的降低、二次冷却强度的增大和铸造速度的减小有利于均匀、细小的近球形组织的形成，熔体中大量内生形核和固-液界面成分过冷的降低有利于上述组织的形成，结果表明，液相线半连续铸造是一种有效的半固态浆料的制备方法。     

压头温度对挤压铸造7075半固态组织均匀性的影响

应用DEFORM-3D软件对7075铝合金半固态挤压铸造充型过程进行了模拟,研究了压头预热温度对7075铝合金杯形件充型过程的影响。在模拟的基础上,利用压力机及杯形试验模具,进行了半固态7075铝合金流变挤压铸造成形,分析了压头预热温度对7075铝合金杯形件半固态挤压铸造组织均匀性的影响。模拟和试验结果表明,压头预热温度越高,充型越平稳;在合金温度为628℃,成形比压为50 MPa,成形速度为3.5mm/s的条件下,随着压头预热温度的增加,杯形件的液相偏析度减小,组织更加均匀。当压头温度为400℃时,杯形件的液相偏析度最小,为14.02%。     

ZL201合金半固态触变压铸的组织与性能

研究了ZL201合金半固态触变压铸组织与性能,包括半固态坯料的制备、二次加热、压铸成形和成形件的热处理.结果表明:采用低频电磁搅拌半连续铸造制备的ZL201合金半固态坯料的微观组织为均匀、细小的非枝晶,在630℃下保温20 min可获得均匀的近球形二次加热组织.半固态压铸件的组织为较大的棒状、近球状的初生固相和由细小枝晶、等轴晶组成的二次固相,而且组织致密、内部无气孔.半固态压铸件经过535℃固溶9h和175℃时效6h处理后,硬度最大为HV 116.6.     

合金温度对7075半固态模锻液相偏析的影响

应用DEFORM-3D软件对7075铝合金半固态模锻充型过程进行了模拟,研究了合金温度对7075铝合金杯形件充型过程的影响规律。在模拟的基础上,利用压力机及杯形实验模具,进行了半固态7075铝合金流变模锻成形,研究了合金温度对7075铝合金杯形件半固态模锻液相偏析的影响,模拟和实验结果表明:合金温度越高,充型越不平稳;在压头温度400℃、成形速度3.5 mm/s、成形比压50 MPa的条件下,随着合金温度的增加,杯形件的液相偏析度增加,组织越不均匀,当合金温度为628℃时,杯形件的液相偏析度为14.02%。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.