一种原位集成冲击片组件的制备及飞片驱动性能

为研究冲击片集成组件制造方法及其性能,采用化学气相沉积法(CVD)在爆炸箔基底上沉积制备了聚氯代对二甲苯(PC)飞片层,并且利用光刻方法原位集成了Su8-2150光刻胶加速膛,获得的加速膛厚度大于300μm且壁面垂直度良好。利用光子多普勒速度(PDV)测量技术获得了该冲击片组件电爆炸驱动飞片的加速历程。对比了常规方法制造的冲击片组件(聚酰亚胺飞片)与相同参数集成冲击片组件的飞片加速历程。结果表明,两组加速历程基本一致。聚酰亚胺飞片与PC飞片在前80 ns内分别达到了最大速度的77%与80%,加速膛出口处飞片速度分别为3970 m·s~(-1)和3906 m·s~(-1),两种冲击片组件驱动性能接近,飞片和加速膛的材料的改变对电爆炸驱动飞片过程未产生明显影响。     

爆炸桥箔加速贮存前后的电爆特性

为了获得爆炸桥箔贮存后的电爆特性,对爆炸桥箔开展了高温(90℃)和高温高湿(80℃,RH95%)条件下的加速寿命试验。利用照相、扫描电镜分析、发火试验和光子多普勒测速(PDV)方法,研究了加速贮存试验前后爆炸桥箔的形貌、电爆特性和飞片速度。结果表明,加速贮存后桥箔的表面均发生了氧化,高温高湿条件下,杂质元素污染及湿度造成桥箔的颜色变化显著,电阻均值由贮存前的30.3 mΩ上升至66.8 mΩ。高温对桥箔的爆发电流、爆发电压和爆发时间没有显著影响。高温高湿贮存后桥箔的爆发电压显著降低。加速贮存后爆炸桥箔在聚酰亚胺基底的附着能力变差。PDV测速结果表明,随着加速贮存时间的延长,飞片速度由3600 m·s~(-1)降至2100 m·s~(-1)(高温)和1200 m·s~(-1)(高温高湿),加速贮存会影响桥箔驱动飞片的能力,高温高湿条件对飞片速度影响更严重。     

基于FPC工艺的集成冲击片换能元性能分析（英文）

为了提高爆炸箔起爆器的制造效率和产品一致性,设计和制造了一种基于柔性电路板(简称FPC或软板)制造工艺的集成冲击片换能元,并对该集成换能元的电爆炸性能、驱动飞片能力和起爆六硝基茋的能力等基础性能进行了研究。采用高压探头测量了爆炸箔两端的电压曲线,采用罗果夫斯基线圈测量了放电回路的电流曲线,通过光学多普勒测试手段(PDV)测量了电爆炸过程驱动飞片速度历程曲线。结果表明,放电回路峰值电流和桥箔的爆发电流随着电容两端电压的增加而线性增加,其中桥箔的爆发电流从2080 A增加到2680 A。桥箔的爆发时间随着电容两端电压的增加而线性地从232 ns减小至156 ns。随着充电电压的增加,飞片速度从4056 m·s~(-1)增加到4589 m·s~(-1),速度标准偏差为38~48。该冲击片换能元可在放电回路电流峰值约2.04 kA时可靠起爆HNS?Ⅳ,而基于传统制造方式冲击片换能元的起爆电流峰值为2.340 kA。     

爆炸箔起爆器作用机理研究进展

从金属桥箔电爆炸、电爆炸驱动飞片和飞片冲击起爆炸药三个方面,综述了爆炸箔起爆器作用机理的研究进展。认为:爆炸箔起爆器在分段式电阻率模型、先进飞片测速技术、基于能量转化系数的电爆炸驱动飞片速度计算模型和基于临界起爆判据的感度预测等方面取得了重要进展,获得了一些规律性认识,一定程度上促进了其低能化设计。指出:小尺寸条件下电爆炸驱动飞片过程中的能量耗散及飞片烧蚀的定量描述、飞片在飞行中的瞬时形态、爆炸箔起爆器小尺寸装药的非理性爆轰性能预测、波阵面后微流场观测技术将成为爆炸箔起爆器未来研究的重点。     

RDX驱动台阶式飞片的速度试验研究

为提高RDX驱动台阶式飞片的可靠性，基于光子多普勒测速技术(Photonic Doppler Velocimetry,PDV)搭建了激光点火RDX驱动台阶式钛合金飞片的速度测试系统，试验研究了RDX装药量、飞片剪切厚度及飞片厚度对飞片速度的影响。结果表明：当装药量从40 mg增加至85 mg，飞片峰值速度由494.46 m·s^-1线性增加至591.86 m·s^-1；当飞片剪切厚度从0.2 mm增加至0.8 mm，飞片峰值速度由508.98 m·s^-1线性增加至557.53 m·s^-1；当飞片厚度从1.0 mm增加至2.5 mm，飞片峰值速度由561.32 m·s^-1指数衰减至397.34 m·s^-1，同时飞片动能由1.347J线性增加至1.688 J。因此，通过增加RDX装药量、飞片剪切厚度或飞片厚度可以提高RDX驱动飞片冲击起爆的可靠性。     

飞片材料对电爆驱动飞片速度的影响

采用任意反射面激光位移干涉测试技术(Displacement Interferometer System for Any Reflector,DISAR)分别获得了聚酯薄膜飞片、铝/聚酯薄膜飞片及铜/聚酯薄膜飞片在金属箔电爆驱动下的速度历程。结果表明,在充电电压为25.4 kV时,聚酯薄膜飞片在加速腔中的有效加速时间为1.6μs,最高速度约4.4 km·s-1;铝/聚酯薄膜飞片和铜/聚酯薄膜飞片在加速腔中的有效加速时间均大于3.0μs,最高速度均小于4.0 km·s-1。电爆驱动时,飞片材料对其运动特性有较大影响。金属/聚酯薄膜飞片相对于聚酯薄膜飞片更利于保持飞片的运行姿态,但飞行同样距离时其速度要低。     

爆炸箔尺寸对飞片速度的影响

爆炸箔是冲击片雷管的关键部件,为了获得爆炸箔的厚度和桥区尺寸对冲击片雷管飞片速度的影响,通过光纤台阶法测试了不同厚度和桥区尺寸的爆炸箔驱动飞片的情况。结果表明:在电压3.4 kV、电流3.5 kA的起爆条件下,最佳的爆炸箔厚度为3.67μm,可以驱动飞片产生2 307 m/s的速度;随着爆炸箔桥区尺寸的减小,飞片速度逐渐提高。因此,可以看出在一定的起爆能量下,驱动飞片达到最大速度的爆炸箔存在一个最佳厚度值;在爆炸箔厚度一定的情况下,减小爆炸箔的桥区尺寸,可以提高爆炸箔驱动飞片的能力,从而可以达到降低冲击片雷管起爆能量阈值的目的。     

加速膛对激光驱动飞片速度及形貌的影响规律

为揭示加速膛对激光驱动飞片速度及形貌的影响规律,采用光子多普勒测速(PDV)技术、阴影成像技术和显微分析方法研究了厚度20μm单层Al飞片在不同加速膛孔径和长度下的速度和形貌演化历程。结果表明,加速膛孔径与Al飞片被激光烧蚀的孔径大小相当时,即孔径在800μm时飞片可获得3100 m·s^-1的最大速度;加速膛孔径大于800μm时对飞片无法起到有效约束作用,飞片速度有所下降,其中加速膛孔径为1500μm时飞片速度最小,为2700 m·s^-1;加速膛孔径为600μm小于激光烧蚀孔径时,造成周围部分能量的浪费,飞片速度也偏低,为2900 m·s^-1。固定加速膛孔径为1000μm,长度在200~700μm时,飞片速度随加速膛长度增加而明显降低,并且Al飞片在飞出加速膛后均破裂成碎片状并迅速向周围扩散,无法保持完整,飞片碎片总体向外扩散速度随加速膛长度的增加而降低,与PDV获得的飞片速度规律基本一致。     

基于FPC工艺的集成冲击片换能元性能分析（英）

为了提高爆炸箔起爆器的制造效率和产品一致性,设计和制造了一种基于柔性电路板（简称FPC或软板）制造工艺的集成冲击片换能元,并对该集成换能元的电爆炸性能、驱动飞片能力和起爆六硝基茋的能力等基础性能进行了研究。采用高压探头测量了爆炸箔两端的电压曲线,采用罗果夫斯基线圈测量了放电回路的电流曲线,通过光学多普勒测试手段（PDV）测量了电爆炸过程驱动飞片速度历程曲线。结果表明,放电回路峰值电流和桥箔的爆发电流随着电容两端电压的增加而线性增加,其中桥箔的爆发电流从2080 A增加到2680 A。桥箔的爆发时间随着电容两端电压的增加而线性地从232 ns减小至156 ns。随着充电电压的增加,飞片速度从4056 m·s^-1增加到4589 m·s^-1,速度标准偏差为38~48。该冲击片换能元可在放电回路电流峰值约2.04 kA时可靠起爆HNS-Ⅳ,而基于传统制造方式冲击片换能元的起爆电流峰值为2.340 kA。     

激光冲击片雷管中飞片的结构优化及性能测试

为有效提升激光冲击片雷管的能量利用率,需对雷管中的飞片结构进行设计和优化。在对飞片进行结构设计的基础上,采用磁控溅射和扫描电镜(SEM)的方法完成了C/Al/Al2O3/Al飞片的制备和表征,获得了飞片各层的制备速率和表面形貌;采用光子多普勒测速系统(PDV)测试了不同参数C/Al/Al2O3/Al飞片的加速历程,发现在相同激光入射能量下,不同参数飞片的加速历程有所不同,设计制备的0.05/0.7/0.7/20.0μm复合飞片(Φ1.0mm)能量利用率最高,飞片速度达到2301 m·s-1。结合飞片各层材料的物理特性分析得到,石墨吸收层的反光系数、汽化能与导热性能,及Al2O3隔热层的表观致密度、电离势能和导热性能直接影响飞片的速度,而飞片加速时间与石墨吸收层较高的导热率相关。     

Nitrosation and Nitration of Tetraacetyldibenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane

Tetraacetyldibenzylhitane (TADBIW) was subjected to debenzylation by nitrosating with inorganic materials available commercially to synthesize tetraacetyldinitrosohexaazaisowurtzitane (TADNSIW). TADNSIW was purified, and its structure was determined by FTIR, 1H NMR, MS and element analysis. The debenzylation reaction of TADBIW gave quantitative benzaldehyde as a by-product. This indicates that the reaction produces an imine cation as an intermediate. Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) was prepared from unpurified TADNSIW with the yield over 96.0 % and the purity more than 98.0 %. And the mechanism of the reaction from TADNSIW to HNIW is proposed to be oxidation of nitroso and nitration of acetyl on the molecule of TADNSIW, This reaction system involved is simple, and the reaction can complete within a short time and under mild conditions. The product can be easily to separate and the waste disposed readily.     

A Robust Algorithm for Watermarking 2D Vector Maps with Low Shape-Distortions

The technique of watermarking has been introduced into 2D vector maps for many potential applications such as protecting the copyright of important GIS （geographical information system） data and tracing the data source of military maps. In most previous works, although the validity of the map data could be preserved during the embedding procedure, the shape-distortions of the map elements are usually neglected which would tend to degrade the invisibility of the watermarking schemes. A shape-preserving algorithm for watermarking 2D vector maps is presented in this paper. A 1D distance sequence extracted from the original map is adopted as the cover data instead of 2D coordinates. A watermark bit is represented by changing the distributions of the cover data. The embedding procedure induces lower shape-distortions than in former works. Experimental results indicate better invisibility of the proposed scheme, as well as its robustness to certain attacks such as map simplification, interpolation, additive noise and most geometric transforms.     

Open Rule-setting System Applied to Conceptual Design of Engines

Open rule-setting method advanced in this paper concentrates on providing designers of engines with a convenient way to express their design innovations and develop the expected prototypes in the early CAD stage, and constitute effective models for the following analysis process of CAE and CAPP. The problems arisen in the process of conceptual design with the traditional experience-based development method are analyzed. Based on those analyses, open rule-setting method is presented and some associated technical problems are discussed. The functional framework of open rule-setting system was built as software engineering methods. The speciality of the engine product as a kind of complex product and the requirement of the engine product based on its structural particularity to rule-setting system are considered carefully. A demonstration is supplied to illustrate how the open rule-setting method enhances the efficiency and quality of the engine conceptual design.     

Research on Linux Network Device Driver

By analyzing the working principle of Linux network device driver, discussing the Linux network driver structure and its key technologies, the general network driver structure and its design methodologies in Linux system are summarized. Through modifying the network device driver of Linux device driver 3rd version snull, c and improving the COW technology, the Zero-Copy technology in Linux （kernel version 2.6.11 ） is implemented. In the end, the success test tells us that the thorough analysis of network device driver is the foundation of many applications, and it also provides a certain improvement to a lot of real applications, even to military application development.     

Method for Measuring Velocity of Warhead Fragments Based on Photoelectric Detection

For measuring velocity and impacting position of single fragment of warhead, a non-contact measuring method is proposed, in which a six-light-screen array, a position indicator, a multi-channel chronograph and a computer are used.The principle of measurement is described. The key device of the system is a light screen array sensor which consists of six light screens allocated with certain geometrical parameters. When the fragment flies through the light screen array, the time of passing through each of the screens is recorded by the multi-channel chronograph. According to the time data and the geometrical parameters of the array, the velocity vector and the location of the fragment can be calculated immediately. The presented method can be used to locate the fragment and to measure the real velocity on its flying direction. It can also be used to measure the velocity of a fragment swarm after the system is engineered further.     

Improvement and Experiment of the Reamer in Vibra Cutter Against Wave Edge of Titanium Sheet Alloy Parts

By analyzing the influencing factors of part quality making of sheet alloy of titanium by vibra cutter, the shape of upper reamer is set as cylinder and wedge-shaped form, and the lower reamer as plain and hemicycle form, and its main structural parameters are defined as well. Then it is validated further that such improved vibra cutter reamer can be used to process curve-edged parts of titanium alloy sheet. The experimental result shows that the titanium alloy sheet parts processed by above equipment have no sharpen angles for convex parts and evident crevasse of concave-edged part. In summary, such improvement can eliminate the free-waved edge and improve the manufacture quality of titanium alloy sheet parts greatly.     

数码电子雷管中影响点火头性能因素分析

阐述了数码电子雷管中,点火药剂细结晶三硝基间苯二酚铅（LTNR）的制备工艺;从点火药剂的种类、加入黏合剂的质量分数、桥丝直径、点火头的电阻值、防潮漆的蘸涂等方面对点火头性能的影响因素进行了探讨;通过震动试验、并联起爆试验、延期精度检测与考核,试验结果表明：一次性合成的细结晶LTNR是制造数码电子雷管点火头较为理想的点火药剂,按技术要求生产的点火头性能指标能够满足行业标准要求。     

Experimental Study on the Small Flyer Initiating Behavior of Fine-grained Explosives

The initiating behavior of fine-grained explosives by small flyer is studied. The diameter of small flyer in this device is 1 ram. The test results indicate that the granularity of explosives has great effect on its flyer initiating sensitivity.The flyer initiating sensitivity of the fine-grained explosives is higher and the critical initiating energy is lower than that of common explosives. For common explosive, the flyer initiating sensitivity increases as the density is reduced. But for the fine-grained explosive, the test results are exactly opposite.     

Algorithm for Multi-laser-target Tracking Based on Clustering Fusion

Multi-laser-target tracking is an important subject in the field of signal processing of laser warners. A clustering method is applied to the measurement of laser warner, and the space-time fusion for measurements in the same cluster is accomplished. Real-time tracking of multi-laser-target and real-time picking of multi-laser-signal are introduced using data fusion of the measurements. A prototype device of the algorithm is built up. The results of experiments show that the algorithm is very effective.     

Influence of Installing Error on the Surface Shape Precision of the Axial Symmetry Aspheric Workpiece in Lapping

A method to calculate the surface shape error, which is caused by the installing error between the workpiece and the lapping tool in the process of form lapping, is proposed. The mathematical model which the installing translation error influences on the workpiece surface shape error is established. The changing rule of the error is simulated through the calculating example of the paraboloid workpiece. The results indicate that the surface shape error of the workpiece is increasing with the increase of the installing translation error, it is also increasing gradually along the center point of the curve surface to the edge, and the influence is severer to the curve surface with great curvature than that of the small curvature when the translation error is the same.