CNT-MF/硅橡胶泡沫复合材料的制备及介电性能

以碳纳米管(CNT)作为核,密胺树脂(MF)作为壳,苯乙烯马来酸酐共聚物(SMA)为乳化剂,原位聚合制备微胶囊化碳纳米管(CNT-MF),并将包覆后的碳纳米管作为填料添加到硅橡胶泡沫中,制备了CNT-MF/硅橡胶泡沫复合材料。探讨了核/壳质量比对微胶囊化碳纳米管的包覆效果的影响,同时研究了微胶囊化碳纳米管用量对硅橡胶泡沫泡孔结构和介电性能的影响。结果表明,微胶囊化碳纳米管的加入有利于提高复合材料的泡孔结构,大泡孔的存在和泡孔面积有利于材料介电性能的提高。当核/壳质量比为1∶10的微胶囊化碳纳米管添加量为15 phr时,复合材料介电性能表现最佳,此时复合材料在1 kHz的介电常数为26.34,介电损耗仅为0.013 6。     

棕榈酸/二氧化硅相变微胶囊的制备及性能研究

采用乳液模板自组装法通过界面缩聚制备了以棕榈酸（PA）相变材料为核、二氧化硅（SiO2）为壳的相变微胶囊,研究了不同核／壳质量比对PA/SiO2相变微胶囊的表面形貌、微观结构、相变储能性能、热稳定性和热循环性能的影响规律。结果表明:随着核／壳质量比增加,PA/SiO2相变微胶囊呈现更完整的核／壳结构和更均匀的球形外观,其最佳核／壳质量比为60:40;所形成的微胶囊的最高相变储热能力可达98.78%;研究显示,致密SiO2包覆层的形成能够有效阻止相变芯材融化后的泄露和流失,同时也提升了相变微胶囊的热稳定性能,该相变微胶囊在快速热冲击下仍保持良好的形态稳定性,并展示了良好的相变可逆性和相变耐久性,该相变微胶囊可广泛应用于工业及民用各领域的潜热储存和热管理。     

有机硅低表面能/自抛光海洋防污涂料的制备

采用接枝共聚的方法,即环氧和丙烯酸反应,环氧开环的同时生成带有羟基的丙烯酸单体,加入引发剂结合另外2种丙烯酸单体,在催化剂的作用下接入有机硅,制得有机硅环氧丙烯酸树脂。讨论了环氧树脂的用量对涂膜性能的影响、涂料的水解特性,并进行了实海挂板实验。结果表明:当环氧的用量为10%时,制备的防污涂料与水的接触角达到133°,附着力1级;有机硅/环氧改性丙烯酸树脂制得的防污涂料在海水中能够稳定地水解,兼具低表面能和自抛光的特性,实海挂板实验结果表明,涂料具有良好的防污性能。     

防污涂料

200801116 海洋涂料发展趋势和前景·船底用环保型防污涂料的发展和应用实例;200801117 含作为防污有效组分的三苯基硼烷-胺混合物的防污涂料组合物;200801118 黏度稳定性好的防污涂料组合物及其涂覆的鱼网;200801119 含微胶囊化辣椒素的防污涂料及其制备方法;200801120 水性固化型防污涂料组合物、防污性涂膜及水中结构物……     

硅油微胶囊的制备及其仿生防污性能的研究

以甲基硅油为芯材、脲醛树脂为壁材,通过细乳液聚合法制备脲醛树脂(PUF)/硅油微胶囊,探究了微胶囊的形成机理及乳化剂、搅拌速度对微胶囊的影响。通过光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、热重分析(TGA)、红外光谱(FT-IR)等手段表征了微胶囊的形貌、热力学及价键结构等性能。结果表明:用细乳液聚合法成功制备了表面光滑、粒径分布均匀的微胶囊;微胶囊包覆率达到91%,且具有良好的缓释效果。将制得的微胶囊掺杂到丙烯酸锌树脂中制备防污涂层,研究了防污涂层的防污性能。采用SEM分析了防污涂层的形貌,并通过接触角测试及防污试验考察了防污涂层的疏水性及抑菌抑藻效果。结果表明:防污涂层表面形成类似荷叶表面的微纳米结构,涂层的疏水性增加,接触角由98.2°增加到123.9°;在抗藻抗菌类试验中显示出良好的防污性能。     

应用于自愈合涂料中微胶囊制备工艺的研究

以聚三聚氰胺-甲醛树脂（PMF）为囊壁,自千型成膜物质为囊芯,成功制备出粒径较小具有自愈合功能的微胶囊。试验考察了乳化剂种类、乳化剂用量和搅拌速率等因素对微胶囊粒径及其外貌的影响。并采用傅里叶红外光谱仪和偏光显微镜对微胶囊的结构、粒径和形貌进行表征。结果表明：比较合适的乳化剂是苯乙烯马来酸酐聚合物（SMA）,搅拌速率和乳化剂的添加量对微胶囊粒径有明显影响,并且制备的微胶囊加入涂料中有一定的自愈合能力。     

舰船防污涂料的历史、现状及未来

舰船防污涂料的发展分为三个阶段,即传统的常规防污漆、现代有机锡共聚物自抛光防污漆和无锡自抛光及无毒防污涂料。我国目前处于第二阶段的初期水平。作者通过回顾历史、分析现状,对今后舰船防污涂料的发展作了展望。     

新型保温建筑涂料用微胶囊仿瓷乳液的制备

采用微胶囊技术制备空囊材料,以减少材料的导热性能,从而达到保温、节能降耗和提高材料性能的目的.以三聚氰胺为壁材,空气(或二氧化碳气体)为芯材,司盘-60为乳化剂,采用锐孔法和乳化缩聚技术制备涂料用微胶囊仿瓷乳液.以涂料用微胶囊的外形、粒径大小,涂料用微胶囊仿瓷乳液稳定性、导热系数为评价指标,对涂料用微胶囊仿瓷乳液制备方...     

长效防污涂料低温环境下的工程化应用研究

主要开展了低温环境下长效防污涂料在水中和空气中固化相关性能的研究。在大连某船厂船舶水线下外板维修中采用了环氧防锈涂料、环氧连接涂料和长效防污涂料的配套。在冬季低温环境下,受船舶坞修周期影响,在涂膜表面干燥后船舶下水对涂膜力学性能进行研究。结果表明,防污涂料能够在水中实现正常固化,防污涂料涂膜表观状态良好,力学性能与空气固化无明显差别,此结论为低温环境下坞修周期短的维修工程提供了较好的施工建议。     

绿色环保近海渔船防污涂料的制备

介绍了绿色环保近海渔船防污涂料的特点。采用自由基聚合制备了丙烯酸锌聚合物,经级差和方差分析后,确定了单体的浓度、反应温度、滴加时间、引发剂用量。经海水溶解性实验、海水干湿交替试验,确定了混合单体比例。制备了两类绿色环保近海渔船防污涂料,对防污涂料的影响因素进行了考察,确定了防污涂料浅海浸泡实验条件。防污涂料浅海浸泡实验结果表明,所制备的绿色环保近海渔船防污涂料34个月防污效果良好。防污涂料涂船试验表明,所制备的防污涂料可满足近海渔船的使用需求。     

Preparation and characterization of novel waterborne antifouling coating

In this article, a waterborne antifouling coating was prepared using novel synthesized silicone-acrylate emulsion and 2,3-epoxy-2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone. The silicone-acrylate emulsion was synthesized using polymerizable co-emulsifiers (4-propyl-1-(1-propenyl) sulfosuccinate (M-10S) and allyl octylphenyl polyoxyethylene glycol ether (AE-200)), and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and transmission electron microscopy micrograph. The particles in the emulsion are all spherical with an average particle size of 66.5?nm. The adhesion of the coating film reaches 1 grade and its impact resistance is over 50?cm?kg. The antifouling activity of the coating film is excellent when the concentration of ME is 6.77?wt%.     

6-(4-甲基-3-戊烯基)-2,3-环氧基-2,3-二氢萘-1,4-二醌的合成

6-(4-甲基-3-戊烯基)-2,3-环氧基-2,3-二氢萘-1,4-二醌对肿瘤细胞有一定的抑制作用,研究其新的合成方法具有较重要的理论和实践意义。本文以6-(4-甲基-3-戊烯基)萘-1,4-二醌为原料,过氧化氢为氧化剂,通过环氧化反应制备了目标产物6-(4-甲基-3-戊烯基)-2,3-环氧基-2,3-二氢萘-1,4-二醌。采用FT-IR、GC-MS和¹H NMR等手段对产物进行了表征,确定了产物结构。探讨了氧化剂用量、反应时间、溶剂种类和无水碳酸钠用量对反应转化率和得率的影响,得到适宜的工艺条件为:以过氧化氢为氧化剂,n(萘二醌):n(过氧化氢):n(无水碳酸钠)=1:8:0.5,溶剂为乙醇,反应温度为30℃,反应时间为2h。在上述条件下,产物得率为83.9%。     

Iron(III)-induced activation of hydrogen peroxide for oxidation of 2-methylnaphthalene in glacial acetic acid

Simple iron(III) salts activate hydrogen peroxide to oxidize 2-methylnaphthalene to 2-methyl-1-naphthol in glacial acetic acid. 2-Methyl-1-naphthol is then oxidized to 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone by hydrogen peroxide without influence of the catalyst. This is in contrast to the previous reports, which excluded the formation of 2-methyl-1-naphthol as an intermediate product in the process of 2-methylnaphthalene oxidation to 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone. The process, however, mimics the microbial conversion of 2-methylnaphthalene to 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone. The presence of chloride in the system causes exclusively the formation of 2-methyl-1-chloronaphthalene.     

Naphthoquinones and Anthraquinones from Scent Glands of a Dyspnoid Harvestman, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Paranemastoma quadripunctatum</Emphasis>

Extracts of Paranemastoma quadripunctatum (Opiliones, Dyspnoi, Nemastomatidae) contained seven components, all of which likely originated from the secretion of well-developed prosomal scent glands. The two main components (together accounting for more than 90% of the secretion) were identified as 1,4-naphthoquinone and 6-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone. The minor components were 1,4-naphthalenediol, two methoxy-naphthoquinones (2-methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, and 2-methoxy-6-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone) and two anthraquinones (2-methyl-9,10-anthraquinone and a dimethyl-9,10-anthraquinone). While some chemical data on scent gland secretions of the other suborders of Opiliones (Cyphophthalmi, palpatorean Eupnoi, and Laniatores) already exist, this is the first report on the scent gland chemistry in the Dyspnoi. Naphthoquinones are known scent gland exudates of Cyphophthalmi and certain Eupnoi, methoxy-naphthoquinones and anthraquinones are new for opilionid scent gland secretions.     

β-甲基萘合成2-甲基-1,4-萘醌绿色氧化反应工艺

2-甲基-1,4-萘醌(2-MNQ)是K族维生素的重要中间体,广泛应用于医药、农药、饲料添加剂等领域。本工作以2-甲基萘(2-MN)为原料,(NH₄)₂S₂O₈为引发剂,用30%H₂O₂与冰醋酸在硫酸催化下制备过氧乙酸并滴加至反应液中,氧化合成2-甲基-1,4-萘醌(2-MNQ),通过ICIR,GC-MS,LCMS对其结构进行表征,并验证氧化反应机理及中间产物。考察了催化剂、反应温度、反应时间、氧化剂与引发剂用量对产品2-MNQ收率、转化率的影响,采用HPLC (外标法)测定产品2-MNQ的转化率和收率,得到最佳工艺条件为反应温度65℃、反应时间5 h、n(H₂O₂):n(2-MN)=26:1,此时,2-甲基萘的转化率为99%,产品收率为34%。本工作的创新点是使用原位红外技术验证反应机理和中间过程,即原料2-甲基萘经过氧乙酸氧化,发生环氧化反应生成中间体,之后重排生成2-甲基羟醌,继续氧化生成目标产物2-甲基-...     

Reaction of 5-Amino-2,3-dicyano-1,4-naphthoquinone with Arylamines

The reaction of 5-amino-2,3-dicyano-1,4-naphthoquinone (1) with arylamines gave 5-amino-8-arylamino- (2), 5,8-bis(arylamino)- (3), and 5-hydroxy-8-arylamino-2,3-dicyano-1,4-naphthoquinone (4) together with 5-amino-2-arylamino-3-cyano- (5) and 5-amino-2-cyano-3-aryl-amino-1,4-naphthoquinone (6). It is proposed that the initial quinone-quinoneimine tautomerism of 1 to 4-hydroxy-2,3-dicyano-5-imino-1,5-naphthoquinone 7 facilitates the 8-arylamination. Some derivatives of 2 have good properties as dyes for optical information-recording media for semiconductor lasers.     

Electrochemical oxidation of 2-methylnaphthalene-1,4-diacetate

Cyclic-voltammetric measurements show that 2-methylnaphthalene-1,4-diacetate is electrochemically oxidized on glassy-carbon electrode in glacial acetic acid at +1.45V vs SCE. The process is irreversible and diffusion controlled. Preparative controlled-potential electrolysis indicates that 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone is a sole product. The material and current yields of the process are 94 and 99%, respectively.     

β-甲基萘醌合成的催化研究进展

β-甲基萘醌(2-甲基-1,4-萘醌)在医学方面应用广泛,是合成K系维生素的重要中间体,合成这种物质的反应工艺要求较高。本文综述了近年来合成K系维生素中间体β-甲基萘醌(2-甲基-1,4-萘醌)以及相似机理的同环氧化反应所使用的催化剂以及这一类反应在催化领域的研究进展。结合现有问题,提出了适宜的发展方向。     

Syntheses of deep coloured aminonaphthoquinonoid dyes. Reaction of dichloronaphthazarins with 2-aminobenzenethiol and related compounds

The reaction of 2,3-dichloronaphthazarin 1a with potassium 2-amino-benzenethiolate gives the ring-closure product 10,11-dithia-5H,16H-5, 16-diazadinaphtho[2,3a],[2,3c]-1,4-naphthoquinone 9 in 86.2% yield together with small amounts of 5-hydroxy-6-chloro-7-thia-12H-12-azanaphtho[2,3a]-1,4-naphthoquinone 8. Dye 9 is green in colour and absorbs infrared light at 727 nm. Oxidation of 9 by hydrogen peroxide gives 10,11-dithia-5H,16H-5,16-diazadinaphtho[2,3a],[2,3c]-1,4-naphtho-quinone-10,11-dioxide 14 which absorbs infrared light at 827nm. The reaction of 1a with 2-aminoethanethiol gives 5-hydroxy-6-chloro-7-thia-10-aza-8, 9,10-trihydrobenzo[2,3a]-1,4-naphthoquinone 4 and 2,3-di-chloro-5-hydroxy-7-thia-10-aza-8, 9,10-trihydrobenzo[2,3a]-1,4-naphtho-quinone 5 in yields of 14.2 % and 3.2 %, respectively.     

Chemical Profiles of Scent Gland Secretions in the Cyphophthalmid Opilionid Harvestmen, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Siro duricorius</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">S. exilis</Emphasis>

Gas chromatographic–mass spectrometric analyses of the scent gland secretions of Siro duricorius and S. exilis (Opiliones, Cyphophthalmi, Sironidae) revealed a set of 24 components, comprising a series of saturated and unsaturated methyl ketones (C11–C15) and four naphthoquinones. Whereas the scent gland secretions of S. duricorius, collected in Austria, and S. exilis from USA were qualitatively nearly indistinguishable (with the exception of acetophenone that was specific to S. duricorius), they distinctly differed in their relative quantitative compositions: major components of the secretion of S. duricorius were 7-tridecen-2-one, tridecan-2-one, undecan-2-one, 1,4-naphthoquinone, 6-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (tentatively identified only), and 4-chloro-1,2-naphthoquinone. In contrast, in S. exilis a compound tentatively identified as 6-methyl-4-chloro-1,2-naphthoquinone was present in large amounts (in S. duricorius a trace component), whereas undecan-2-one only occurred in minor quantities. Secretion profiles of juveniles and adults (both sexes) of each species showed high correspondence.This is the first report on the chemistry of scent gland secretions of the opilionid suborder Cyphophthalmi. 4-Chloro-1,2-naphthoquinone was identified as a new exocrine product of arthropods, whereas 1,4-naphthoquinone and the tentatively identified 6-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone are known constituents of exocrine secretions from one species of palpatorid opilionids, Phalangium opilio. In contrast, all ketones identified were new for opilionid scent glands, although similar ketones are characteristic of scent gland secretions of palpatorid genera Leiobunum and Hadrobunus. With regard to the near-basic position of Cyphophthalmi in currently proposed phylogenetic trees of Opiliones, naphthoquinones and ketones from Siro may represent the condition ancestral to the (derived) naphthoquinone- and ketone-rich secretions in phalangid Palpatores.