食品乳化剂的安全性及JECFA评价结果

FAO/WHO食品添加剂和污染物联合专家委员会(简称JECFA)是国际食品添加剂与污染物安全评价的权威机构,对世界各国所用食品添加剂的安全性进行评价。食品乳化剂是食品工业中一类重要的使用广泛的添加剂。介绍了JECFA关于食品乳化剂的主要品种及使用情况,总结了JECFA对食品乳化剂的安全性评价意见及规定标准。     

舌尖上的安全与食品添加剂

食品安全问题关系国计民生，近年来食品添加剂安全事件频发，使得人们对于食品添加剂产生恐慌和抵触情绪。从食品添加剂的概念、用途、类型以及危害等方面对其展开介绍，着重介绍了防腐剂、着色剂、甜味剂和抗氧化剂4种最为常见的食品添加剂。并结合目前一些典型食品安全事件，深入剖析食品添加剂在使用过程中所存在的问题，并提出相应解决方案，从而确保食品安全。     

我国食品添加剂现状及发展趋势

当前由于食品添加剂引起的食品安全问题已成为消费者极为关注的焦点问题。文章介绍了食品添加剂的定义和分类,综述了我国食品添加剂行业发展现状、食品添加剂使用存在的问题及对策,并对食品添加剂今后的主流研究方向进行总结归纳。     

食品添加剂与食品安全

现代食品行业的蓬勃发展,在很大程度上取决于食品添加剂的广泛应用。我国对食品添加剂的应用历史悠久,本文通过介绍食品添加剂的概念范畴、作用以及安全使用措施,探讨了对食品添加剂使用时的安全问题。     

食品添加剂的危险性评估方法分析

近几年来,我国的食品安全问题越来越多地受到人们的重视,而影响食品安全的一个重要原因就是食品添加剂的不规范使用.我国消费者在食品安全问题上容易将违规使用食品添加剂、非法使用食品添加剂与食品添加剂本身的危险性混为一谈,扩大了消费者对食品添加剂健康危害的预想,因此,我们有必要对食品添加剂的危险性评估做一个简单的介绍.本文即对...     

《食品添加剂标识通则》对加强食品添加剂管理的意义(下)

正(续接上期P19)问:《食品添加剂标识通则》有哪些主要内容?吉教授:《食品添加剂生产监督管理规定》:食品添加剂应当有标签、说明书,并在标签上载明"食品添加剂"和"零售""非零售"字样。食品添加剂标识与食品不一样,区别在于:食品添加剂标识:标签+说明书;普通食品标识:标签,没有强调要说明书;功能食品标识:标签+说明书;婴幼儿食品标识:标签。而标签、说明书包括下列事项:(一)食品添加剂产品名称、规格和净含量;(二)生产者名称、地址和联系方式;(三)成分或     

浅谈食品用化工产品的生产和应用

一、食品用化工产品的范围和作用所谓食品用化工产品包括:(一)食品用化学添加剂,(二)饮用水净水剂,(三)食品用合成包装材料;(四)食品用橡胶制品。“食品用化学添加剂”,是指在食品生产、加工、储运、销售过程中为防腐保质、     

复合食品添加剂

食品添加剂复配使用比单个使用有优越的性能。文章介绍了复合食品添加剂的复配原则和复配应用,并提出了存在问题和解决办法的建议。     

食品添加剂对食品安全的影响

本文综述了食品染料及食品添加剂的安全问题,对非食品添加剂的害处作了详细的评述,并客观地解释了食品添加剂在食品生产和生活中的作用。列出了国内外有关食品添加剂的法规文件名称,为正确使用这些产品提供了参考。     

对食品添加剂的认识误区

消费者一定要正确对待食品添加剂,认识到食品添加剂对于食品的重要性,以平常心对待含有食品添加荆的食品,走出食品添加剂的认识误区。这样,或许反而会减少非法添加物的使用。常见的食品添加剂误区有以下几种：误区一：含食品添加剂的食品不安全。在超市或商店里,我们经常会看见一些食品的包装上标有“本产品不合添加剂、不合防腐剂”的字样。实际上,包装食品几乎没有不合食品添加剂的。不合防腐剂,未必不含香精、色素等其他添加剂。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。