发酵饲料对断奶仔猪生产性能、血液生化指标和饲料养分表观消化率的影响

选用28日龄断奶的三元杂交(杜×长×大)仔猪60头,随机分为饲喂发酵饲料的试验组和不合发酵料的对照组:每个处理3个重复,每个重复10头猪.试验结束前连续收集3天粪便,测定饲料养分的表观消化率;试验结束时前腔静脉采血,测定血清生化指标.结果:试验组比对照组显著降低了料肉比和腹泻指数(P＜0.05),日增重提高,但显著不差异(P＞0.05);血清碱性磷酸酶显著提高(P＜0.05),而血清尿素氮、总蛋白、白蛋白、谷丙转氨酶均没有显著变化(P＞0.05).饲料养分的表观消化率(CTTAD)试验组日粮磷的消化率显著提高(P＜0.05),粗脂肪消化率显著下降(P＜0.05),粗蛋白和钙的消化率提高,但无显著差异(P＞0.05).结果表明,发酵饲料有利于提高仔猪的生长性能和饲料养分的表观消化率,对降低仔猪断奶应激性腹泻有较好效果.     

天然植物提取物对猪肉品质的影响及机理探讨

80头70kg杜长大三元杂交猪分成对照和试验2个处理组,每个处理设4个重复栏,每栏10头猪.对照组饲喂含常用市售抗生素的饲粮,试验组饲喂含300mg/kg天然植物提取物的饲粮.结果表明,与对照组相比,饲粮中添加300m/kg天然植物提取物使试验组猪的胴体脂肪率降低了20.85%(P＜0.05),胴体瘦肉率提高了4.20%(P＜0.05);使试验组猪背最长肌中肌红蛋白、肌内脂肪和肌苷酸含量分别提高了15.48%(P＜0.05)、52.77%(P＜0.01)和16.72%(P＜0.05);使试验组猪背最长肌中磷酸肌酸激酶(CPK)和磷酸葡萄糖异构酶(GPI)的活力分别提高了30.54%(P＜0.01)和20.04%(P＜0.01);使试验组猪背最长肌肌纤维的直径降低了7.98%(P＜0.05),而密度增加了4.70%(P＜0.05).     

微生物发酵配合饲料对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

试验选用25日龄体重相近、健康度良好的杜长大三元杂交断奶仔猪120头,随机分为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复8头猪(公母各半)。对照组为基础日粮+抗生素+酸化剂,试验1组为基础日粮+发酵剂A(1 kg/t)发酵,试验2组为基础日粮+发酵剂B(1 kg/t)发酵,旨在研究微生物发酵配合饲料对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响。结果表明,配合饲料添加微生态制剂发酵后,饲料pH值分别降低0.77和0.68(P0.01)。与对照组相比,饲喂发酵配合饲料的2个试验组仔猪采食量有提高的趋势,腹泻率有降低的趋势,料重比有增加的趋势,但差异均未达到显著水平(P0.05)。     

低聚木糖和酸化剂对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

试验通过在仔猪日粮中添加低聚木糖和酸化剂,来研究其对早期断奶仔猪增重、料重比以及腹泻率的影响,并探讨低聚木糖与酸化剂是否具有协同作用.按体重和性别分成4个处理组:对照组(饲喂玉米-豆粕基础日粮)、低聚木糖(200 mg/kg)组、酸化剂(8 g/kg)组、合用组(添加低聚木糖(200 mg/kg)和酸化剂(8 g/kg)).结果表明,试验组平均日增重、料重比得到改善(P＜0.05),腹泻率显著下降(P＜0.01).研究认为低聚木糖和酸化剂合用可在一定程度上提高断奶仔猪的生产性能.     

脱氢醋酸钠对断奶仔猪抗氧化能力的影响

研究食品添加剂脱氢醋酸钠对动物抗氧化能力的影响。以仔猪作为实验动物模型,选用10 日龄哺乳仔猪（杜×长×大）192 头,随机分成4 组（每组4 个重复,每重复12 头）,饲喂不含脱氢醋酸钠的基础日粮（对照组）、基础日粮中分别添加脱氢醋酸钠0.02%（实验组Ⅰ）、0.1%（实验组Ⅱ）和0.2%（实验组Ⅲ）的日粮,实验期42 d。结果表明：与对照组相比,1）仔猪51 d体质量,Ⅲ组显著降低13.26%（P＜0.05）,Ⅰ、Ⅱ组无显著差异（P＞0.05）;2）Ⅲ组仔猪血清超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase,SOD）活力极显著降低（P＜0.01）,总抗氧化能力（total antioxidant capacity,T-AOC）显著降低（P＜0.05）,而Ⅰ、Ⅱ组仔猪血清抗氧化指标均无显著差异（P＞0.05）;3）仔猪肝脏丙二醛（malondialdehyde,MDA）含量,除Ⅲ组外,Ⅰ（P＜0.01）、Ⅱ（P＜0.05）组均有明显升高。因此,日粮中添加0.2%脱氢醋酸钠,明显降低仔猪的抗氧化能力,食品中使用高剂量脱氢醋酸钠存在一定的健康风险。     

益生素和低聚木糖对断奶仔猪生产性能和肠道形态学影响研究

选用(21±2)日龄PIC五元杂交配套系断奶仔猪240头,进行了益生素和低聚木糖对仔猪肠道形态学影响的研究.试验分成4个处理,每个处理3个重复,每个重复20头仔猪.试验Ⅰ组为正对照组,试验Ⅱ为负对照组,营养水平参照PIC猪营养需要设计,负对照在降低正对照组中鱼粉与乳清粉含量的条件下适当增加豆粕的含量,保证负对照组与正对照组蛋白及能量水平一致.试验Ⅲ和Ⅳ为试验组,分别在负对照的基础上添加益生素350 g/T、低聚木糖200 g/T.试验基础日粮由玉米、豆粕、乳清粉、鱼粉等常规原料组成.研究结果表明:添加益生素和低聚木糖能显著降低仔猪的料重比(P<0.05),显著提高仔猪空肠绒毛长度(P<0.05),对仔猪十二指肠和回肠绒毛长度影响不明显;日粮中添加益生素能显著缩短仔猪十二指肠和空肠隐窝深度(P<0.05);添加低聚木糖有缩短仔猪回肠隐窝深度的趋势;仔猪日粮添加益生素和低聚木糖能显著提高仔猪十二指肠和空肠绒腺比(P<0.05),对仔猪回肠绒腺比影响不显著(P0.05).     

蛋氨酸对宫内发育迟缓断奶仔猪血浆生化指标和肠道消化吸收功能的影响

目的:研究蛋氨酸对宫内发育迟缓(IUGR)断奶仔猪血浆生化指标和肠道消化吸收功能的调节作用。方法:所有仔猪于21 d龄断奶,30头正常出生体重(NBW)断奶仔猪饲喂基础日粮(NBW-CON组),60头IUGR断奶仔猪随机分成两个处理组,分别饲喂基础日粮(IUGR-CON组)和添加0.12%蛋氨酸的实验日粮(IUGR-MET组),每个处理组6个重复,每个重复5头猪,实验期为28 d。结果:与NBW-CON断奶仔猪相比,IUGR-CON断奶仔猪血浆尿素氮含量显著升高(p0.05),血浆总蛋白和D-木糖含量显著降低(p0.05)。IUGR-CON断奶仔猪粗蛋白和总能表观消化率、空肠食糜胰蛋白酶活性、黏膜碱性磷酸酶和Na+-K+-ATP酶活性均显著降低(p0.05)。与IUGR-CON断奶仔猪相比,IUGR-MET断奶仔猪血浆尿素氮含量显著降低(p0.05),血浆D-木糖含量显著升高(p0.05)。日粮添加0.12%蛋氨酸显著缓解IUGR介导断奶仔猪粗蛋白表观消化率、空肠食糜胰蛋白酶活性和黏膜Na+-K+-ATP酶活性降低(p0.05)。结论:日粮添加0.12%蛋氨酸可降低IUGR断奶仔猪血浆尿素氮含量,并在一定程度上缓解了IUGR对断奶仔猪肠道消化吸收功能的不良影响。     

pGRF基因质粒对受脂多糖刺激的断奶仔猪生长性能的影响

研究pGRF基因质粒对受脂多糖刺激的断奶仔猪生长性能的影响.结果表明:(1)pGRF LPS组生长性能显著优于LPS组(P＜0.05);但劣于pGRF组(P＜0.01).全期料重比,pGRF LPS组与LPS组相比差异不显著(P＞0.05),有下降趋势;但均显著高于pGRF组(P＜0.05).(2)pGRF LPS组仔猪的腹泻率较LPS组下降了10.32%(P＜0.05),而显著高于pGRF组(P＜0.05).     

酪蛋白磷酸肽(CPP)对肉仔鸡矿物质代谢的影响

采用2×3二因素随机试验设计,钙水平分别为0.5%和1.0%,酪蛋白磷酸肽(CPP)水平分别为0%、0.1%和0.5%.选用144只1日龄AA肉仔鸡,公母各半,随机分为6组,每组4个重复,每个重复6只鸡.试验期为4周.试验结果表明:①CPP对肉仔鸡日增重、日耗料量和料肉比影响不显著(P＞0.05).②CPP对肉仔鸡血液红细胞数、血红蛋白、红细胞压积、钙、磷、铁、铜、锌和锰含量的影响不显著(P＞0.05).③CPP能显著提高肉仔鸡胫骨中钙和铁的含量(P＜0.01),0.5%CPP显著提高胫骨灰分(P＜0.01)以及铜、锌和锰含量(P＜0.05),胫骨参数及磷含量差异不显著(P＞0.05).④CPP显著提高肝脏铁、锰(P＜0.05)以及锌含量(P＜0.01),但肝脏铜浓度差异不显著(P＞0.05).     

硫酸黏杆菌素与不同抗生素配伍对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响

为研究硫酸黏杆菌素与不同抗生素药物组合对早期断奶仔猪的应用效果,对照组饲喂"基础日粮 硫酸黏杆菌素(20 mg/kg)",试验各组分别在对照组的基础上另添加黄霉素(6 mg/kg)、杆菌肽锌(30 mg/kg)、那西肽(5 mg/kg),测定各组仔猪的平均日增重、饲料转化率和腹泻率.结果表明:试验1、2和3组平均日增重较对照组分别提高21.7%、19.6%、10.1%(P＜0.05);料肉比分别降低13.4%、12.4%、8.1%(P＜0.05);腹泻率分别降低65.2%、61.5%、47.8%(P＜0.01);且黄霉素组和杆菌肽锌组平均日增重显著高于那西肽组(P＜0.05).     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the