基于连续小波变换的滚动轴承外圈故障检测

提出了用连续小波变换与傅里叶变换相结合进行轴承外圈故障识别的新方法。先通过Morlet连续小波变换对故障轴承信号进行不同尺度的分解．再对其获得的小波系数进行快速傅里叶变换来识别故障特征频率。然后对不同信号做小波系数能量谱进行对比。优点在于能够在强噪声背景下较为精确的识别外圈故障。实际测试验证了新方法的正确性。     

基于多尺度Hermitian小波包络谱的轴承故障诊断

提出了一种基于多尺度Hermitian小波包络谱的轴承故障诊断方法。该方法综合利用了Hermitian小波和包络谱分析技术的优点,首先对轴承故障振动信号进行Hermitian连续小波变换,得到小波分解的实部和虚部,然后计算振动信号的多尺度包络谱。对齿轮箱轴承故障振动信号的分析表明,该方法在强噪声环境下能有效识别轴承内圈故障和外圈故障。     

基于谐波小波奇异熵的轴承故障实时诊断

将谐波小波变换、奇异值分解理论和信息熵相结合,从揭示故障信号能量分布的复杂程度入手,提出一种轴承故障实时诊断的新方法。对轴承振动信号进行谐波小波分解,将分解得到的小波系数分别以尺度为行、时间为列构建谐波小波时频分布矩阵,并对该矩阵进行奇异值分解,以分解得到的奇异值为划分标准进行信息熵计算,通过信息的熵值来诊断轴承故障,给出了基于谐波小波奇异熵的轴承故障实时诊断的具体方法和模型。通过对轴承内圈故障、外圈故障大量的试验研究表明:该方法能有效地对轴承故障进行诊断,具有很高的实时性,能对采样频率低于68kHz的诊断系统进行实时诊断,适用性很好。     

异步电动机故障诊断的小波变换等高图方法

用Morlet小波作为小波基，对异步电动机鼠笼转子故障时的定子电流信号进行多尺度分析，将获得的小波变换系数用等高图表示，从中能清楚地识别出异步电机鼠笼转子不同断条的故障。较基于傅立叶变换的故障诊断，该方法对异步电动机故障的辩识能力有显著提高。     

基于双树复小波变换的轴承故障诊断研究

提出了一种基于双树复小波变换解调技术的轴承故障诊断新方法。该方法利用双树复小波变换具有近似平移不变性、避免频率混叠和有效降噪的优点,首先对轴承故障振动信号进行双树复小波分解和重构,将振动信号分解成实部和虚部,然后计算振动信号的双树复小波幅值包络和包络谱。齿轮箱轴承故障振动实验信号的分析表明,该方法能在强噪声环境下准确提取轴承故障产生的周期性瞬态冲击信号,能有效消除频率混叠现象和强噪声的影响,能有效识别轴承内圈和外圈故障。     

基于谐波小波包能量熵的轴承故障实时诊断

将谐波小波包变换与信息熵相结合,从揭示故障信号能量分布的复杂程度入手,提出一种轴承故障实时诊断的新方法.对故障振动信号进行谐波小波包分解,将分解的小波系数按尺度进行排列,计算不同尺度的能量,以尺度能量为划分标准,计算故障信号的能量熵,通过能量的熵值诊断轴承故障.给出谐波小波包能量熵的轴承故障的具体诊断方法和模型.对不同...     

基于改进双树复小波变换的轴承多故障诊断

针对双树复小波变换产生频率混叠的缺陷,提出了改进双树复小波变换的轴承多故障诊断方法,该方法综合利用了双树复小波包变换和经验模态分解技术。首先,利用双树复小波变换将振动信号分解成不同频带的分量;然后,将各小波分量进行经验模态分解,获得各小波分量的主频率分量信号;最后,计算各小波分量的主频率分量信号的包络谱,根据包络谱识别齿轮箱轴承的故障部位和类型。通过仿真信号和齿轮箱轴承多故障振动实验信号的研究结果表明,该方法不仅消除了频率混叠现象,提高了信噪比和频带选择的正确性,而且提高了从强噪声环境中提取瞬态冲击特征的能力,能有效识别轴承的故障类型。     

基于小波变换的滚动轴承内圈故障诊断

利用小波变换将滚动轴承故障振动加速度信号分解到不同尺度,对包含有故障特征频率的小波系数进行Hirbert变换解调,最后对解调后的信号进行频谱分析获取轴承故障特征信息.实例分析表明,利用小波变换进行滚动轴承内圈故障诊断具有良好的诊断效果.     

BSS与Morlet小波变换在轴承声学故障诊断中的研究

声音信号的测试与分析是滚动轴承故障检测与诊断的一种新方法,但其信噪比较低,因此提出了基于盲源分离技术和自适应Morlet小波变换诊断轴承声学信号故障的新方法。首先利用小波包将单通道的声音信号分离成2个虚拟通道的声音信号,再用盲源分离技术将信号进行源信号的提取,然后利用最小Shannon熵对Morlet小波的形状参数进行优化,找到与所测声音信号特征成份最匹配的小波,再对小波系数矩阵进行奇异值分解,通过奇异值与变化尺度的关系曲线得到最佳小波变换尺度,最后对滚动轴承故障信号进行Morlet小波变换进行故障特征提取。结果表明:该方法能有效地从强噪声背景下提取出轴承声学信号的故障。     

基于小波变换和ICA的滚动轴承早期故障诊断

滚动轴承早期故障诊断的关键在于如何从低信噪比混合信号中检测出显著的轴承故障特征频率。提出以连续小波变换(CWT)和独立分量分析(ICA)相结合的方法来诊断单通道信号的滚动轴承早期故障,提出按频谱等间隔选取伪中心频率的小波分解尺度,并对ICA处理后的信号进行包络频谱分析以确定故障类型。最后,利用实际的滚动轴承实验数据对该方法进行了验证。     

Analysis of photonic Doppler velocimetry data based on the continuous wavelet transform

The short time Fourier transform (STFT) cannot resolve rapid velocity changes in most photonic Doppler velocimetry (PDV) data. A practical analysis method based on the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) was presented to overcome this difficulty. The adaptability of the wavelet family predicates that the continuous wavelet transform uses an adaptive time window to estimate the instantaneous frequency of signals. The local frequencies of signal are accurately determined by finding the ridge in the spectrogram of the CWT and then are converted to target velocity according to the Doppler effects. A performance comparison between the CWT and STFT is demonstrated by a plate-impact experiment data. The results illustrate that the new method is automatic and adequate for analysis of PDV data.     

Application of Hermitian wavelet to crack fault detection in gearbox

The continuous wavelet transform enables one to look at the evolution in the time scale joint representation plane. This advantage makes it very suitable for the detection of singularity generated by localized defects in the mechanical system. However, most of the applications of the continuous wavelet transform have widely focused on the use of Morlet wavelet transform. The complex Hermitian wavelet is constructed based on the first and the second derivatives of the Gaussian function to detect signal singularities. The Fourier spectrum of Hermitian wavelet is real; therefore, Hermitian wavelet does not affect the phase of a signal in the complex domain. This gives a desirable ability to extract the singularity characteristic of a signal precisely. In this study, Hermitian wavelet is used to diagnose the gear localized crack fault. The simulative and experimental results show that Hermitian wavelet can extract the transients from strong noise signals and can effectively diagnose the localized gear fault.     

基于同步压缩小波变换的滚动轴承故障诊断

针对滚动轴承故障诊断中存在的非平稳故障信号的特征提取困难这一难题,提出利用同步压缩小波变换(SWT)对故障信号的监测数据进行处理的方法。首先对信号进行连续小波变换(CWT),其次对小波变换系数进行同步压缩变换(SST),然后对SST系数进行自适应阈值去噪,之后在有效信号数据的频率中心附近进行积分提取,最后用提取到的有效信号进行重构。对实测的滚动轴承故障信号进行处理验证,结果表明,SWT具有较高的信号提取精度以及降噪能力,同时具有较高的时频分辨率,能够将故障信号转换为高分辨率的时频谱,弥补了CWT在这方面的不足。     

Vibration analysis of rotating machinery using time-frequency analysis and wavelet techniques

Time-frequency analysis, including the wavelet transform, is one of the new and powerful tools in the important field of structural health monitoring, using vibration analysis. Commonly-used signal analysis techniques, based on spectral approaches such as the fast Fourier transform, are powerful in diagnosing a variety of vibration-related problems in rotating machinery. Although these techniques provide powerful diagnostic tools in stationary conditions, they fail to do so in several practical cases involving non-stationary data, which could result either from fast operational conditions, such as the fast start-up of an electrical motor, or from the presence of a fault causing a discontinuity in the vibration signal being monitored. Although the short-time Fourier transform compensates well for the loss of time information incurred by the fast Fourier transform, it fails to successfully resolve fast-changing signals (such as transient signals) resulting from non-stationary environments. To mitigate this situation, wavelet transform tools are considered in this paper as they are superior to both the fast and short-time Fourier transforms in effectively analyzing non-stationary signals. These wavelet tools are applied here, with a suitable choice of a mother wavelet function, to a vibration monitoring system to accurately detect and localize faults occurring in this system. Two cases producing non-stationary signals are considered: stator-to-blade rubbing, and fast start-up and coast-down of a rotor. Two powerful wavelet techniques, namely the continuous wavelet and wavelet packet transforms, are used for the analysis of the monitored vibration signals. In addition, a novel algorithm is proposed and implemented here, which combines these two techniques and the idea of windowing a signal into a number of shaft revolutions to localize faults.     

Gear fault diagnosis using active noise cancellation and adaptive wavelet transform

Acoustic signal from a gear mesh with faulty gears is in general non-stationary and noisy in nature. Present work demonstrates improvement of Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) by using an active noise cancellation (ANC) method for removing the noise. The active noise cancellation technique is designed with the help of a Finite Impulse Response (FIR) based Least Mean Square (LMS) adaptive filter. The acoustic signal from the healthy gear mesh has been used as the reference signal in the adaptive filter. Inadequacy of the continuous wavelet transform to provide good time–frequency information to identify and localize the defect has been removed by processing the denoised signal using an adaptive wavelet technique. The adaptive wavelet is designed from the signal pattern and used as mother wavelet in the continuous wavelet transform (CWT). The CWT coefficients so generated are compared with the standard wavelet based scalograms and are shown to be apposite in analyzing the acoustic signal. A synthetic signal is simulated to conceptualize and evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Synthetic signal analysis also offers vital clues about the suitability of the ANC as a denoising tool, where the error signal is the denoised signal. The experimental validation of the proposed method is presented using a customized gear drive test setup by introducing gears with seeded defects in one or more of their teeth. Measurement of the angles between two or more damaged teeth with a high level of accuracy is shown to be possible using the proposed algorithm. Experiments reveal that acoustic signal analysis can be used as a suitable contactless alternative for precise gear defect identification and gear health monitoring.     

瞬变信息提取与机器诊断

机器的二次信号往往因机器故障产生大量的冲击、摩擦以及运行转速的不稳定、负荷的变化导致非平稳信号的产生.对非平稳信号分析,付氏变换效果不佳,需要研究这类信号的局部时频特征,提取瞬变信息方能准确地诊断.本文介绍处理非平稳信号的新型工具——小波分析、短时付氏变换两种时频分析方法.最后用小波分析、短时付氏变换和付氏变换对机器的实测振动信号进行分析.说明了小波分析、短时付氏变换作为时频分析方法对处理非平稳信号比付氏变换优越.     

基于改进经验小波变换的行星齿轮箱故障诊断

行星齿轮箱振动信号具有复杂多分量和调幅-调频的特点。幅值解调和频率解调方法能够避免传统Fourier频谱中的复杂边带分析,有效识别故障特征频率。经验小波变换通过对信号Fourier频谱的分割构造一组正交滤波器组,能提取具有紧支撑Fourier频谱的单分量成分,再对单分量成分运用Hilbert变换即可实现信号的解调分析。经验小波变换能够有效分离出调幅-调频成分,不存在模态混叠现象,具有完备的理论基础,自适应性好、算法简单、计算速度快。将改进的经验小波变换应用于行星齿轮箱振动信号的解调分析;提出了一种单分量个数的估算方法,解决了经验小波变换中的Fourier频谱划分问题;给出了对故障敏感的信号分量的选取方法,提高了分析的针对性。将改进方法应用于行星齿轮箱振动仿真信号和实验信号分析,验证了该方法的有效性。     

Haar wavelet for machine fault diagnosis

Continuous wavelet transform (CWT) is a kind of time–frequency analysis method commonly used in machine fault diagnosis. Unlike Fourier transform, the wavelet in CWT can be selected flexibly. In engineering application, there is a problem of how to select a suitable wavelet. At present, the selecting method mainly depends on the waveform similarity between the signal required to extract and the wavelet. This method is imperfect. For example, Haar wavelet possesses the rectangular waveform in its supporting field and dissimilarity to any component in the machine signal. It is rarely used in machine diagnosis. However, the time–frequency periodicity of Haar wavelet continuous wavelet transform (HCWT) should be useful in revealing the features in signals. In addition, Haar wavelets under different scales have good low-pass filter characteristic in frequency domain, particularly under larger scales, and that can allow HCWT to detect the lower frequency signal. These merits are presented in this paper and applied to diagnose three types of machine faults. Furthermore, in order to verify the effect of Haar wavelet, the diagnosis information obtained by HCWT is compared with that by Morlet wavelet continuous wavelet transform (MCWT), which is popular in machine diagnosis. The results demonstrate that Haar wavelet is also a feasible wavelet in machine fault diagnosis and HCWT can provide abundant graphic features for diagnosis than MCWT.     

抗混叠Curvelet变换非高斯双变量模型图像降噪

提出了一种基于非高斯双变量模型复数Curvelet变换的图像降噪新方法.采用具有近似移不变性的复数小波变换代替原Curvelet变换中的小波变换,并用改进的Radon变换避免了原Radon变换中一维傅里叶反变换在频域中采样不足的缺陷,从而保证了新的复数Curvelet变换具有抗混叠性能.充分利用信号系数层间相关性强而噪声系数层间相关性弱的特点,采用非高斯双变量对复数Curvelet变换域系数进行建模,并通过Bayesian MAP估计器对信号系数进行估计,从而实现降噪目的.实验结果表明,本文去噪法得到的峰值信噪比(PSNR)分别比传统Curvelet去噪法和Curvelet域HMT去噪法平均提高2.9 dB和1.5 dB,且能避免重构图像中出现"划痕"和"嵌入污点",在有效去噪的同时,可较好地保护图像边缘和细节.