香蕉酒的酿造工艺研究

以香蕉全果为原料,对香蕉酒酿造过程中的香蕉护色方法、酶解条件和酒精发酵条件进行了探讨。护色方法试验比较及单因素试验和正交试验结果表明,香蕉的最佳护色方法是将香蕉(全果)95℃热烫5 min后取出,用Na2SO3(0.08‰)+0.15%Vc溶液浸泡1 h;酶解的最佳条件为温度50℃,pH4.0,酶(果胶酶+纤维素酶)用量各为0.05%(w/w,)时间2.5 h;酒精发酵最佳工艺条件为酵母接种量5%,发酵时间6 d,发酵温度28℃,初始糖度20%。在此工艺条件下,酿造出的香蕉酒颜色为浅黄色,澄清透明、有光泽、无悬浮物、无沉淀,气味香浓,口感好。香蕉酒的感官指标、理化指标和微生物指标均符合国家标准。     

仙人掌清汁生产工艺的探讨

以新鲜“米邦塔”仙人掌茎为原料,对仙人掌清汁的加工工艺进行了探讨。结果表明,用85℃热水将去皮仙人掌热烫1min,用0.10%抗坏血酸和0.05%柠檬酸浸泡护色,打浆制汁,加入α-淀粉酶酶解,使汁澄清;得出最佳酶解条件:加酶量0.03%、pH4.5、温度50℃、时间3h,在此条件下,仙人掌的出汁率较高且澄清效果良好。     

仙人掌发酵醋饮的研究

以仙人掌为原料,讨论了仙人掌制汁的工艺及护色条件,结果表明:仙人掌用0.15%的NaHCO3溶液在50℃浸泡5h、再用100℃水浸5min处理后,出汁率最高,打浆时添加0.01%EDTA和0.15%抗坏血酸护色效果良好;研究了仙人掌醋酸发酵的工艺及仙人掌醋饮的产品定型等,表明仙人掌果汁醋酸发酵的最佳工艺条件:发酵温度36℃、菌种接入量14%、发酵时间56h、初始酒精度10%,调配醋饮的最佳配方为糖10%、pH3.0、芦荟香精0.05%、白柠檬香精0.015%。     

乳酸菌发酵莲藕汁制备工艺研究北大核心

以莲藕汁为主要原料,通过接种保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌进行乳酸发酵,探讨制作莲藕汁清型乳酸饮料的加工工艺,经单因素试验与正交试验,对莲藕汁护色、糖化以及发酵的工艺参数进行优化。结果表明:0.2%的柠檬酸溶液作用30min,护色效果最佳;最佳糖化条件为p H5.6、温度50℃、淀粉酶量40U/m L的条件下作用90 min,还原糖浓度达到32.3g/kg;经过护色、水解处理后的藕汁接种1.0g/L混合菌株菌粉、添加0.75%蛋清粉,43℃发酵14h,乳酸量可达到3.5g/L。     

酶法制取百合混浊汁的工艺研究

对酶法制取百合混浊汁的工艺条件进行了研究,确定了适合的热烫工艺,即沸水中热烫2 min,最佳酶解工艺参数为0.2%α-淀粉酶(g酶/g百合)60℃酶解1 h,0.08%Protamex(g酶/g百合)45℃酶解45 min。制得的百合混浊汁的色泽以及混浊稳定性良好,具有百合的独特风味。     

枇杷调配型乳饮料加工工艺及优化研究

以枇杷、牛奶为主要原料,制成发酵乳饮料,通过正交试验对枇杷果汁提取及饮料配方进行了研究,结果表明:酶处理提取枇杷果汁的最优条件是酶解温度为45℃,加酶量为0.5%,酶解时间为5 h;发酵枇杷乳饮料的最佳配方是:枇杷果汁添加量为16%、白砂糖的添加量为7%,发酵乳添加量为35%,p H调为4.0。     

木薯针叶樱桃发酵饮料的工艺优化及品质分析

为了确定木薯针叶樱桃发酵饮料的最佳工艺,以木薯和针叶樱桃为原料,植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）HNC7和副干酪乳杆菌（Lactobacillus paracasei）YLC92为发酵菌株,采用正交试验优化木薯浆酶解条件,响应面试验优化木薯针叶樱桃发酵饮料发酵条件,并对饮料发酵前后的质量进行对比分析。结果表明,最佳木薯浆酶解条件为耐高温α-淀粉酶添加量100 U/g、酶解时间2 h、酶解温度85 ℃;木薯针叶樱桃发酵饮料最佳发酵条件为乳酸菌接种量3%,发酵时间23 h,发酵温度37 ℃。在此优化条件下,得到的木薯针叶樱桃饮料感官评分为90.2分,乳酸含量为5.38 g/L,维生素C含量为346.7 mg/100 mL。     

酶法提取长枣汁工艺条件的探讨

以宁夏灵武长枣为原料,采用复合酶进行酶解处理,并对护色工艺和酶解浸提工艺进行了探讨,通过单因素实验及正交实验,确定了护色的最佳工艺条件为:料水比1:5,护色剂为混合护色剂(抗坏血酸:柠檬酸=1:1),添加量0.5%.酶解浸提的最佳工艺条件为:酶制剂为混合酶(α-淀粉酶:果胶酶=1:1),添加量0.5%,酶解温度50℃,酶解pH4.2,酶解时间2.5h,此条件下长枣汁中可溶性固形物含量为17.3%,且长枣汁枣香浓郁、酸甜爽口、无苦味、色泽为自然的枣红色,并具有较好的稳定性.     

芦荟绿茶酸乳的研制

以绿茶、芦荟、全脂奶粉、蔗糖为主要原料．通过保加利亚乳酸杆菌和嗜热链球菌发酵，研制出一种新型的芦荟绿茶酸乳。确定了芦荟护色的最佳条件为柠檬酸浓度02g/L．护色温度90℃，时间2min。采用正交实验法筛选出最佳工艺条件：芦荟汁10％、蔗糖量6％、茶叶0．3％、接种量4%、发酵时间4h、发酵温度40℃。实验结果表明产品各项理化指标都符告国家卫生标准。     

南瓜汁混合酶解工艺研究

研究了南瓜汁混合酶解的最佳生产工艺。在单因素试验的基础上应用响应曲面法得出南瓜汁混合酶解最佳工艺条件:果胶-纤维素酶0.05%,α-淀粉酶0.65%,糖化酶0.81%,酶解温度50℃,酶解时间2 h。此工艺条件下,南瓜汁可溶性固形物含量为5.46%。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the