新药物作用靶点不断涌现给我国医药带来机遇

人类基因组的研究为新药的开发开创了快速、高效的新方法和新思路。     

我国页岩气面临的机遇与挑战

分析了我国页岩气开发及利用所面临的机遇和挑战。指出应坚持引进和自我创新并重的思路,开辟开采页岩气的新方法,减少对环境的影响和破坏,并加大页岩气的综合利用,提高我国石化行业的竞争力。     

中国合成树脂产业面临的机遇与挑战

近年来,我国五大合成树脂行业迎来战略机遇期,发展迅速:一方面国内外经济回暖趋好,下游产品需求增强,拉动我国合成树脂表观消费增长;另一方面由于近年来国际油价低位震荡及北美聚烯烃大量新建产能尚未投产,亚洲地区聚烯烃和石脑油价差增大,毛利提高,在一定程度上推动我国合成树脂新建项目投资。未来我国合成树脂行业将面临战略机遇与转型升级压力并存局面:一方面随着城镇化、农业现代化不断推进及"禁废令"等政策的出台,产业结构升级及消费潜力释放将持续带动树脂需求增长;另一方面我国树脂行业也将承压来自北美、中东新增廉价产品大量出口。与此同时,消费结构升级对于合成树脂高端化需求愈发提高,我国树脂行业整体偏低端化、结构不合理等问题也将愈发明显,转型升级已是刻不容缓。综合来看,我国合成树脂行业机遇与挑战并存,如何有效抓住机遇、合理应对挑战将是我国树脂行业需要思考的重要课题。     

会计工作面临的机遇和挑战

本文对现代会计内涵及特点和现代会计的现状进行了分析,并对加强会计工作提出了几点建议。     

水泥助磨剂行业面临的机遇与挑战

中国水泥工业正在出现全国性的产能过剩和增加集中度,这将会深刻影响下游助磨剂行业的生存与发展。提高产品质量和提升技术服务水平是迎接未来挑战的两把重要的钥匙。着眼长远发展的企业,建立适应新格局变化的技术和服务实力,以满足顾客需求为己任,以新产品研发为核心竞争力,不断进入空白市场,提升企业品牌实力与影响力,最终达到实现顾客忠诚的目的,是助磨剂企业未来的重要应对措施。助磨剂行业应该以产品持续创新为切入点,建立完善的质量管理体系,建立以顾客满意的质量方针和质量目标,优化现有产品结构,注重产品可靠性与产品有效性的持续改进,提升企业技术服务水平和产品创新能力。     

水泥助磨剂行业面临的机遇与挑战

通过对水泥行业发展趋势的判断,指明水泥行业发生的新变化,包括全国性产能过剩,水泥产量增速放缓,水泥企业数量减少,设备大型化,助磨剂产品升级缓慢,助磨剂生产成本快速上涨等,这些都对水泥助磨剂行业的生存和发展提出了严峻挑战.同时全面分析了助磨剂行业面临节能减排等大好机遇,最后提出了助磨剂企业应该采取的应对措施.     

我国氧化锌行业面临的机遇与挑战

对我国氧化锌行业的现状进行了分析,指出氧化锌行业近10年来发展较快。并阐述了氧化锌行业面临的发展机遇及挑战。     

抗生素菌渣中蛋白质的提取工艺优化

抗生素菌渣由于含有残留抗生素变得难以处理,而抗生素菌渣中蛋白质含量较高使其被资源化利用成为可能。文章首先考察了碱溶液类型和提取方法对抗生素菌渣蛋白质的提取效果,采用碱-胶体磨方法,在单因素试验的基础上设计三因素三水平的响应面试验,以蛋白质溶出率为指标,对试验结果进行方差分析以确定最佳提取工艺。研究结果表明：抗生素菌渣提取蛋白质的工艺条件中,对蛋白质溶出率影响大小排序为：提取时间>料液比>pH;蛋白质提取最佳工艺条件为：料液比1︰12,提取时间58 min,pH=10,在此条件下蛋白质溶出率最高达到54.69%。碱-胶体磨方法提取蛋白质能耗低,蛋白质溶出率高,为抗生素菌渣资源化利用提供了新的思路方法。     

科研院所面临的挑战和机遇

Following the long-lasting depression of the domestic coatings industry, all domestic coatings research institutes also meet with strong challenges and groping the way to fight out one after another. The author believes that once we rnake up our mind to decidedly deepen the reformation, we may find that so-called challenges may all become chances.     

水泥助磨剂行业面临的机遇与挑战

水泥助磨剂作为一种化学添加剂,自1930年获得专利以来已经有超过80年的发展历程.其中,欧美等发达国家的助磨剂使用率在90％以上,而中欧与亚太地区水泥助磨剂使用率也超过30％,水泥助磨剂的快速普及带动了水泥助磨剂企业数量的快速增加,以及化工企业向精细化等细分市场的转变,由此产生了该领域内许多著名的世界跨国公司.     

Mutation in Elongation Factor G Confers Resistance to the Antibiotic Argyrin in the Opportunistic Pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa

The natural myxobacterial product argyrin is a cyclic peptide exhibiting immunosuppressive activity as well as antibacterial activity directed against the highly intrinsically resistant opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In this study, we used whole‐genome sequencing technology as a powerful tool to determine the mode of action of argyrin. Sequencing of argyrin‐resistant P. aeruginosa isolates selected in vitro uncovered six point mutations that distinguished the resistant mutants from their susceptible parental strain. All six mutations were localized within one gene: fusA1, which encodes for the elongation factor EF‐G. After the reintroduction of selected mutations into the susceptible wild type, the strain became resistant to argyrin. Surface plasmon resonance experiments confirmed the interaction of argyrin A with FusA1. Interestingly, EF‐G has been previously shown to be the target of the anti‐Staphylococcus antibiotic fusidic acid. Mapping of the mutations onto a structural model of EF‐G revealed that the mutations conveying resistance against argyrin were clustered within domain III on the side opposite to that involved in fusidic acid binding, thus indicating that argyrin exhibits a new mode of protein synthesis inhibition. Although no mutations causing argyrin resistance have been found in other genes of P. aeruginosa, analysis of the sequence identity in EF‐G and its correlation with argyrin resistance in different bacteria imply that additional factors such as uptake of argyrin play a role in the argyrin resistance of other organisms.     

我国微生物源杀菌抗生素的研究开发

我国是全球从事农用抗生素研究的主要国家之一,尤其是杀菌农用抗生素。主要介绍了我国新开发和正在研发的微生物源杀菌抗生素以及主要生产的品种。还探讨了农用抗生素研发中的问题。     

The Potential of Antibiotics and Nanomaterial Combinations as Therapeutic Strategies in the Management of Multidrug-Resistant Infections: A Review

Antibiotic resistance has become a major public health concern around the world. This is exacerbated by the non-discovery of novel drugs, the development of resistance mechanisms in most of the clinical isolates of bacteria, as well as recurring infections, hindering disease treatment efficacy. In vitro data has shown that antibiotic combinations can be effective when microorganisms are resistant to individual drugs. Recently, advances in the direction of combination therapy for the treatment of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections have embraced antibiotic combinations and the use of nanoparticles conjugated with antibiotics. Nanoparticles (NPs) can penetrate the cellular membrane of disease-causing organisms and obstruct essential molecular pathways, showing unique antibacterial mechanisms. Combined with the optimal drugs, NPs have established synergy and may assist in regulating the general threat of emergent bacterial resistance. This review comprises a general overview of antibiotic combinations strategies for the treatment of microbial infections. The potential of antibiotic combinations with NPs as new entrants in the antimicrobial therapy domain is discussed.     

抗生素类药物与血清蛋白相互作用的研究进展

概述了近年来药物的分析方法及抗生素药物与血清蛋白相互作用的机理,利用荧光分光光度法找到抗生素与血清蛋白相互作用的作用机理及抗生素与血清蛋白的结合点距离r,为今后研究抗生素的研究提供了依据。     

Silk for Drug Delivery Applications: Opportunities and Challenges

Silk fibers have been used in textiles for more than 5,000 years and as a suturing material for many centuries. The recent development of new applications for silks include drug delivery. An overview of this new field is provided, summarizing the development of emerging drug delivery applications which include silk-based nanomedicines and transdermal delivery systems We also highlight some of the challenges in developing silk-based drug delivery systems.     

Challenges in Biomaterial-Based Drug Delivery Approach for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases: Opportunities for Extracellular Vesicles

Biomaterials have been the subject of numerous studies to pursue potential therapeutic interventions for a wide variety of disorders and diseases. The physical and chemical properties of various materials have been explored to develop natural, synthetic, or semi-synthetic materials with distinct advantages for use as drug delivery systems for the central nervous system (CNS) and non-CNS diseases. In this review, an overview of popular biomaterials as drug delivery systems for neurogenerative diseases is provided, balancing the potential and challenges associated with the CNS drug delivery. As an effective drug delivery system, desired properties of biomaterials are discussed, addressing the persistent challenges such as targeted drug delivery, stimuli responsiveness, and controlled drug release in vivo. Finally, we discuss the prospects and limitations of incorporating extracellular vesicles (EVs) as a drug delivery system and their use for biocompatible, stable, and targeted delivery with limited immunogenicity, as well as their ability to be delivered via a non-invasive approach for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.     

抗生素在给水厂中的去除及其对水质的影响研究综述

抗生素污染对饮用水水源安全造成了严重的威胁,文中对近几年给水厂各工艺对抗生素的处理效果和抗生素对给水厂的影响进行了综述。在传统工艺中,混凝沉淀是去除抗生素的主要工艺,对喹诺酮类、磺胺类、四环素类抗生素去除率可达到50%～60%,且可通过调节混凝剂投量、添加助凝剂PAM等方式增强混凝效果;紫外与氯消毒联合使用时,对易光解抗生素的去除效率可达到30%～50%。臭氧氧化和活性炭池等深度处理工艺亦会促进抗生素的去除,但受臭氧投量、接触时间等因素影响显著,且抗生素会增强炭滤池和管网中微生物的抗药性及耐氯性;在采用NaClO作为消毒剂时,可能会促进毒性较高的氯代/溴代消毒副产物生成。此外,残留抗生素会消耗管网中余氯,还会促进机会性病原体出现,增加饮用水安全风险。     

细菌的耐药性

抗菌药物有效治疗了各种细菌感染,保障了人类的健康。但伴生的细菌耐药性问题也逐渐显现。细菌耐药源于自然界耐药基因的存在及传递和抗生素滥用对此情况的促进作用。严谨合理地应用抗菌药物以最大限度地减少细菌耐药性发生、延长抗菌药物的疗效周期,是人类所面临的长期挑战。     

cryoEM-Guided Development of Antibiotics for Drug-Resistant Bacteria

While the ribosome is a common target for antibiotics, challenges with crystallography can impede the development of new bioactives using structure-based drug design approaches. In this study we exploit common structural features present in linezolid-resistant forms of both methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) to redesign the antibiotic. Enabled by rapid and facile cryoEM structures, this process has identified (S)-2,2-dichloro-N-((3-(3-fluoro-4-morpholinophenyl)-2-oxooxazolidin-5-yl)methyl)acetamide (LZD- 5 ) and (S)-2-chloro-N-((3-(3-fluoro-4-morpholinophenyl)-2-oxooxazolidin-5-yl)methyl) acetamide (LZD- 6 ), which inhibit the ribosomal function and growth of linezolid-resistant MRSA and VRE. The strategy discussed highlights the potential for cryoEM to facilitate the development of novel bioactive materials.