Conjugate heat transfer in turbulent falling liquid films

Heat transfer characteristics for a falling turbulent liquid film flow over a fin are analyzed using the conjugate convection-conduction theory. Numerical results are obtained from a simultaneous solution of the energy equations of the fluid and the fin. Results are presented for the fin temperature distribution, dimensionless heat transfer coefficients, local heat fluxes, and fin efficiencies.     

Local heat transfer and heat flux distributions in finned tube heat exchangers

A detailed analysis of the effect of local heat transfer distributions, which were determined experimentally, on temperature distributions in the fins and in the fluid between two adjacent fins of finned tube heat exchangers is presented. The heat transfer distributions, obtained by a mass transfer technique, prove to be very inhomogeneous over the fin surface, leading to variable results for fin efficiency calculated by the conventional method. In addition, the effect of temperature variation in the fluid, which is usually neglected in fin analysis, is shown in many cases to exert a very strong influence on fin efficiency and total heat flux. For the optimization of fin designs, a combined analysis of local heat transfer, conduction resistance in the fin and temperature variation in the passage is indispensable.     

Optimum designs of longitudinal fins

Employing fin parameter and tip temperature, a new concept with Lagrange's multiplier method is proposed to obtain the optimum width, height, heat dissipation, and efficiency of longitudinal fins for boiling heat transfer. A power-law type heat transfer coefficient is assumed in this analysis. Longitudinal fins of rectangular, convex parabolic, triangular, and concave parabolic profiles are first investigated. It is found that the optimum dimensions of a fin depends upon fin profile area, heat transfer coefficient at the fin base, and the thermal conductivity of the fin. Then, the least material fin profile is derived for each single heat transfer mode. To facilitate the thermal design of heat transfer components, simple mathematical expressions for the optimum dimensions of fins are presented in this study.     

Optimum dimensions of longitudinal rectangular fins and cylindrical pin fins with variable heat transfer coefficient

Considering a temperature dependent heat transfer coefficient, the optimum dimensions of longitudinal rectangular fins and cylindrical pin fins have been investigated analytically. Employing the parameters of fin thickness or fin diameter and tip temperatures, the optimum dimensions, heat dissipation, and efficiency of fins are obtained by Lagrange's multiplier method. It is shown that the fin efficiency of an optimum cylindrical pin fin is higher than that of an optimum rectangular fin. To facilitate the thermal design of the heat transfer components, very simple mathematical expressions for the optimum dimensions of fins are presented in this study.     

翅片板式传热器双流道传热与流动数值模拟

焊接型板式传热器的紧凑性好、质量轻、传热性能好、初始成本低等优越性已越来越被人们所认识,因此人们纷纷对板式传热器内流动状态和传热机理展开研究。鉴于此,本文运用数值模拟软件Fluent对全焊接翅片板式传热器双流道进行模拟,在此基础上又进行了实验研究及实验数据与数值模拟的对比分析,得出不同结构参数和操作参数下翅片的传热系数和压力降,并分析翅片高度和翅片间距对翅片传热性能与流动阻力的影响。结果表明：①固定冷侧的入口速度和温度,热侧的传热系数和压降随之热侧入口速度增加而增大;②板间距一定时,翅片高度并非越高传热性能越好;③翅片间距越小,传热性能越好。     

新型金属泡沫-微柱群复合热沉内流动传热性能分析

高效热管理技术是大功率微电子设备安全运行的可靠保障。为进一步强化高功率电子器件的冷却效果,本文提出了一种新型泡沫铝-微柱群复合热沉结构。采用实验和数值模拟相结合的方法对新型水冷泡沫铝-微柱群复合热沉内的流场分布、壁面温度分布、阻力系数、换热性能及柱鳍与泡沫铝间的耦合传热规律等开展了深入分析。研究结果表明,与传统微柱群热沉相比,20PPI泡沫铝-微柱群复合热沉的壁面最高温度大幅降低,平均换热性能提升了33.9%~41.5%。然而,微柱群内填充泡沫铝却导致流动阻力增大,增加了7.9~10.5倍。泡沫铝-微柱群复合热沉的强化换热机理为：微柱群热沉内填充高热导率泡沫铝提升了热沉整体的有效导热性能,热量可通过金属泡沫固体骨架迅速传递,同时多孔界面较强的传热能力能够保证热量及时被冷却流体散除。本文相关研究成果可为高热流密度电子器件散热装置的研发提供理论指导。     

Numerical Study on Plate‐Fin Heat Exchangers with Plain Fins and Serrated Fins at Low Reynolds Number

A simpler numerical model for plate‐fin heat exchangers with plain fins and serrated fins is presented, which incorporates the characteristics of fluid flow and heat transfer. The numerical simulations for heat exchangers with two fins at low Reynolds numbers are carried out by employing the simplified model and using the CFD code FLUENT. The results of heat transfer rate and pressure drop in numerical simulations are compared with the experimental results from the literature. It is shown that the results are in good agreement and the numerical model is reasonable and appropriate. The characteristics of fluid flow and heat transfer are analyzed and compared based on the numerical results. It is concluded that by applying the average heat transfer coefficient in practice, the heat transfer rate of the primary surface is overestimated, and the heat transfer rate and efficiency of the secondary surface are underestimated. The numerical modeling and conclusions provide the method and theoretical basis for the selection, optimization and analysis of plate‐fin heat exchangers.     

LAMINAR FILM BOILING ON A VERTICAL SURFACE WITH THERMAL LEAKAGE AT ITS ENDS

The analysis presented is for laminar film boiling on a vertical surface treating the test section as a fin with the heat leakage from its ends. The formulation of the problem is accomplished as a conjugate between the thermal conduction in the test section and the phenomenon of film boiling on its lateral face. This approach revealed that the film boiling heat transfer coefficients, both local and average values, are profoundly influenced by the fin parameter. An explicit form of the equation is provided from the computer results to evaluate the film boiling heat transfer coefficient.     

经孔板形成旋转流的管壳式换热器壳程传热及流阻的研究

对螺旋折流孔板管壳式换热器壳程的传热与流体阻力做了研究 ,给出换热器壳程传热与流阻的计算关联式 ,并采用实验模型对换热器壳程流体旋转流的阻力系数与传热管的局部传热系数做了测试 ,且对光滑和菱形翅片两种管型作了对比     

间断环面槽肋片管束的传热和流动阻力

应用热 -质比拟技术 ,对间断环面槽肋片管束进行了传质与流动阻力实验 ,根据热 -质比拟关系得出传热结果 .分析了该种换热芯子在不同板间距时的传热与阻力特性 .与光板肋片管换热芯子比较 ,该种换热元件的传热与阻力都有很大提高 ,而阻力增加幅度更大 .实验结果为运用单位选用肋片管式换热器提供了依据 .     

封闭空间内纵向外翅片管结构参数对传热的影响

对封闭空间内的竖直纵向外翅片管在翅片长度、翅片夹角及基管壁温改变时的自然对流条件下的换热特性进行了三维数值研究。结果表明翅片管的单位质量散热量随翅片长度的增加而增大。在翅片长度一定时,其最大值大多出现在翅片夹角60°左右;在基管壁温升高时,对流占据比重出现极大值;在考虑翅片夹角对换热影响的基础上引入量纲1因子,依据65种算例结果拟合出竖直纵向外翅片管自然对流换热准则关系式,准则式与计算结果偏差平均为3.53%。     

The heat transfer optimization of conical fin by shape modification

In present work, a stepping optimization algorithm is proposed for the geometric optimization of conical fin, and the heat transfer rate of the fin is treated as the objective function in the optimization algorithm. The conical fin is divided into finite elements which have different generatrix slopes, and the geometry of the conical fin is finally determined by ensuring that every divided element can maintain the maximum heat transfer rate. Based on the actual condition of every element of the fin, the heat conduction equation is solved step by step. The present result shows that the optimized conical fin has more heat transfer quantity and higher fin efficiency compared with those of some typical fins. Furthermore, the theoretical feasibility and the error analysis of present optimization algorithm have been performed as well.     

平直开缝翅片和波纹翅片管换热器换热特性的数值模拟

采用FLUENT数值模拟方法,研究了平直翅片、平直开缝翅片、正弦波纹翅片和均匀倾角波纹翅片4种形式的翅片管换热器的空气侧流动和传热特性。分析出2种不同的波纹形式以及翅片开缝对翅片管换热器换热特性的影响。改变进口风速,在不同雷诺数的工况下,得到4种换热器的换热量Q、努塞尔数Nu、压降△P以及阻力因子f等与进口风速u和雷诺数Re的关系。结果表明进口风速增大,雷诺数增加,可显著提高换热器换热量,然而同样带来更多的阻力损失。翅片开缝对传热能力有明显的提升作用,波纹翅片在提高换热效率的同时阻力损失增加较小。     

纵翅片结构形式对管换热器性能的影响

提出了一种可改善换热效率的百叶窗式纵翅片换热管的结构模型,对其进行简化,采用Fluent软件对换热管烟气侧流动与传热过程进行数值模拟,对比了两种百叶窗纵翅片与普通纵翅片的换热效率与压降,结果发现：百叶窗式纵翅片传热效果比普通纵翅片高130%以上。模拟了6组不同流体入口速度下传热与压降的变化情况,分析了百叶窗翅片间距与倾斜角度对传热与压降的影响,结果表明：入口速度越大,进出口温差越小,压降越大;翅片间距越大,进出口温差和压降都越小;翅片倾斜角度越大,换热效果相差不大,压降越大。搭建了简易实验平台对模拟结果进行验证。     

高壁温条件下水平散热片的传热性能

研究了在高壁温条件下，空气为自然对流时，水平基面上的竖直矩形散热片组的传热性能，探讨了散热片的几何参数对流动和传热的影响。通过因次分析的方法，建立了以散热片间距为特征尺寸的自然对流传热准数关系式：Ｎｕ＝０１３１４（Ｇｒ’ｓＰｒ）０３７     

管壳式换热器壳程高黏度流体的传热强化

传统的管壳式高黏度流体换热器采用光滑管设计制造,其壳程传热及流动效能低,壳程传热阻力占总热阻的80％以上,且流动阻力损失较大,提高壳程流体的传热膜系数和降低流动阻力是提高高黏度流体换热器效能的技术关键．     

螺旋隔板花瓣管油冷却器的传热强化

通过实验研究 ,比较了螺旋隔板花瓣管油冷却器和螺旋隔板低肋管油冷却器的传热和压降性能 .实验结果表明 ,螺旋隔板花瓣管油冷却器与螺旋隔板低肋管油冷却器相比 ,总传热系数提高 10 %以上 ,而压降却降低 46 %左右     

空气在立式花瓣管外螺旋流动传热与流阻性能研究

试验研究了空气在5种管径相同、不同翅片高度和翅片间距的立式花瓣管外螺旋流动的传热和流阻性能,分析出在试验范围内:花瓣管翅片高度相同时存在一最适宜翅片间距,使其传热性能最优;花瓣管翅片间距相同,翅片越高,其传热性能越好,而流动阻力损失也越大;管外系统压力越高,换热效果越好,且不会增加其流动阻力,这可为设计高效立式螺旋隔板花瓣管换热器提供参考依据。     

Flow and heat transfer characteristics of finned tube with internal and external fins in air cooler for waste heat recovery of gas-fired boiler system

In this present study, attempts were made to investigate the flow and heat transfer characteristics of finned tube with internal fins and external fins by experiment and numerical simulation. The test finned tube was installed in a single smooth tube and formed a shell-and-tube heat exchanger. The experiments were conducted in heat transfer test system with hot air in the tube side and cold air in the shell side. Overall heat transfer coefficients were calculated and heat transfer coefficients in the tube side were determined. Three-dimension computation was performed to predict the flow and heat transfer performance in the finned tube. The effects of external fin height and pitch of the finned tube on shell-side flow and heat transfer were studied by numerical simulation. The numerical results agree well with the measurements. The maximum differences between the present numerical results and the experimental data are approximately 6.9% for heat transfer coefficient and 4.7% for friction factor, respectively. The velocity and temperature fields are obtained to discern the mechanisms of heat transfer enhancement. Numerical results indicate that the steady and spatially periodic growth and disruption of vortices occur in external fin to fin region.     

锯齿翅片的传热与阻力性能试验

在风洞试验台上对16种不同结构参数的板翅换热器中使用锯齿翅片进行了传热和流动阻力性能试验,分析比较了翅片间距和翅片长度对其表面对流传热系数和空气阻力性能的影响。同时通过对16种翅片的244个试验数据点进行多元回归和F显著性检验,获得了j因子和f因子的经验关联式。在Re=500～7500范围内,经验关联式的最大误差范围为±10%,绝对平均偏差分别为4.2%和5.3%。