ER70S-6焊丝钢可浇性研究

通过对ER70S-6焊丝钢浇铸过程中的水口结瘤物成分的分析,找出了水口结瘤的机理。通过控制钢水中的Al2O3含量、LF精炼渣碱度1.3~1.6、精炼渣氧化性1.0%~1.2%等工艺优化,有效地解决了水口结瘤问题。同时,提高了钢水的洁净度,钢中含铝夹杂物等级由B2.0级降至B0.5级。     

非钙处理对高等级齿轮钢夹杂物的影响

 为解决水口堵塞、B类夹杂物超标及控制Ds类夹杂物,通过热力学计算和工业试验研究了SCr420H齿轮钢钙处理与非钙处理对中间包夹杂物的影响。研究发现,非钙处理炉次中间包夹杂物数量低于钙处理炉次。非钙处理炉次中间包夹杂物主要为棱角状镁铝尖晶石;钙处理炉次夹杂物主要为Al₂O₃-CaO-MgO与CaS复合球状夹杂物。优化工艺后非钙处理炉次中间包高熔点尖晶石类夹杂物数量大幅降低,水口堵塞及B类夹杂物问题得到解决。非钙处理圆钢夹杂物评级结果为,A类不大于0.5,B类不大于0.5级,C类为0,D(细)类不大于1.0级,D(粗)类不大于0.5级,Ds类不大于1.0级。     

ASP工艺生产Ti-IF钢水口堵塞原因分析及改进

利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜及能谱分析对超低碳Ti-IF钢ASP连铸过程浸入式水口结瘤物取样分析表明,结瘤物中铁和夹杂物交互存在,夹杂物包括二铝酸钙、Al2O3、ZrO2和RO相等。水口堵塞主要是由于钢液中高熔点脱氧产物Al2O3和钙铝酸盐沉积粘附在水口内壁结瘤造成,Ti使水口结瘤现象严重。通过将RH单联法优化为LF+RH双联法,优化钙处理效果并控制过剩[Ti]0.02%,改善了钢水可浇性,实现了8炉以上连续浇铸。     

BOF→RH→CSP工艺生产含钛IF钢浸入式水口结瘤机理研究

针对BOF→RH→CSP工艺生产含钛IF钢浸入式水口结瘤问题,采用扫描电镜、能谱分析等方法,分析了IF钢浇铸过程水口结瘤物的组成,结合中间包夹杂物的特性,阐明了水口结瘤的机理。结果表明:钛元素的存在一方面使钢水中Al_2O_3夹杂物不易碰撞长大,另一方面减小了钢液、耐材和夹杂物之间的润湿角,容易造成水口结瘤;结瘤物初始沉积层主要为钢水与水口耐材反应生成的以Al_2O_3为主的复合氧化物;而结瘤物主体层主要来源于钢水中的夹杂物,为低变性的MgO·Al_2O_3尖晶石或Al_2O_3,且含有钢滴;夹杂物沉积进而烧结成疏松的网状层,使钢水更易粘附从而加剧了水口结瘤速度。研究结果可为优化工艺参数、提高BOF→RH→CSP工艺连浇炉数和产品质量提供可靠的理论指导。     

板坯连铸水口结瘤机理研究

通过对CAS-OB精炼钢水板坯连铸水口结瘤物的物相分析和钢中夹杂物的类型分析,研究了中间包浸入式水口、钢包下水口滑板处结瘤的机理,发现浸入式水口结瘤物是CaO·Al2O3和CaS;钢包下水口和滑板处结瘤物主要是CaO-2Al2O3;通过同炉钢中夹杂物检验,证明结瘤是钢水中相同类型的夹杂物沉积粘附在水口内壁造成的.讨论了m(Ca)/m(Al)和钢中S、Al含量对水口结瘤的影响,为了防止水口结瘤,钢中的S、Al含量应控制在12CaO·7Al2O3生成曲线的下方,并保持m(Ca)/m(Al)》0.13.     

中碳钢连铸过程中碳质水口结瘤现象的研究

研究了中碳钢连铸方坯生产过程中浸入式水口发生结瘤现象的原因和防止结瘤的方法.用SEM对水口结瘤物成分进行了分析,对采集的钢包、中间包及铸坯的钢样中夹杂物进行了观察,并对整个铸坯断面进行了定氧分析及对水口结瘤情况进行了数字模拟.结果表明,水口处结瘤物的来源主要是钢中Al2O3夹杂物和钢液对钢包和中间包内衬的侵蚀,并提出了解决中碳钢连铸水口结瘤问题的办法.     

38CrMoAl钢浸入式水口结瘤机理研究

通过对高铝钢38CrMoAl连铸方坯生产过程中钙处理前后水口结瘤物的物相测定和钢中夹杂物的类型分析,研究高铝钢中间包浸入式水口处结瘤机理。分析结果显示,Al_2O_3、MgO·Al_2O_3和CaS是堵塞中间包水口的主要物质,水口堵塞的原因是钢液中的高熔点夹杂物在水口内壁聚集、粘结。钢中较高的S含量、精炼渣系控制不当、钙处理过度是引起水口堵塞的主要原因。针对上述原因,结合实际生产提出了高铝钢水口结瘤改进措施。     

C245钢生产工艺优化与实践

针对C245钢连铸过程中出现的水口结瘤、拉速降低等问题展开分析研究,结果表明:造成水口结瘤的主要原因是Ti微合金化回收率低,产生的TiO2不能充分去除;浇注过程中随着温度的不断降低,夹杂物析出聚集在水口内壁,导致拉速降低。通过稳定转炉冶炼终点氧化性、优化精炼过程Ti微合金化工艺,强化连铸全程保护浇注效果,C245钢连铸过程水口结瘤问题得到解决,并实现恒拉速浇注,使铸坯质量得到进一步提升。     

Fe-Si-B非晶合金制备过程中的水口结瘤分析

利用扫描电镜和能谱仪对采用不同坩埚制备Fe-Si-B非晶合金薄带过程中的水口结瘤物进行了物相分析,研究了水口结瘤物的来源及形成机制.通过热力学计算,验证了钢液中Al、Si氧化物夹杂产生的必然性.结果表明:水口结瘤中的物相主要有Al、Si、Mg的氧化物,以及少量Na、Fe、B等元素的氧化物.结瘤物中存在的MgO来源于坩埚材料,可通过选择适当的坩埚材质来避免.     

实现低过热度浇铸的关键以及与之配套的技术

<正>实现低过热度浇铸的关键是:a.控制钢中夹杂物,防止低过热度浇铸过程的水口结瘤。b.准确控制连铸过程中间包钢水温度稳定。c.炼钢-连铸生产节奏的稳定控制。为控制钢中夹杂物的组成,普遍采用钙处理技术,但当钢中硫含量较高时,易形成Ca S夹杂物导致水口结瘤,并且钙处理形成的点状夹杂物对某些钢十分有害。而采用低铝洁净钢技术可实现提高洁净度和优化夹杂物     

铝镇静冷镦钢CaS结瘤机理及改进

 对铝镇静冷镦钢在浇铸过程中出现的浸入式水口结瘤问题进行了系统研究,结瘤物中主要为C12A7(12CaO·7Al₂O₃)、CaS以及少量的MgO、TFe等,CaS所占比例达到36.91%,CaS含量过高,是造成水口结瘤的主要原因。结合生产过程分析发现,当钙处理时钢水中硫含量偏高,或喂入钙含量过多时,则生成大量的CaS夹杂,促使水口结瘤。通过改进脱氧造渣工艺、优化钙处理工艺等一系列措施,将钙处理前钢水中硫质量分数控制在0.005 0%以下,钙处理后钢水中钙质量分数控制在0.001 4%～0.002 6%,使钢水中Al₂O₃夹杂改性充分,同时避免生成CaS夹杂造成水口结瘤,有效解决了CaS夹杂引起的水口结瘤问题,提高了铝镇静冷镦钢钢水浇注性能,使连浇炉数由最低的10炉/中间包提高至16炉/中间包以上。     

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Abstract

A pilot scale bottom teemed high frequency furnace with a nominal capacity of 600?kg and an adjustable nozzle temperature was used to study clogging of rare earth metal (REM) treated stainless steels. The influence of the following variables on the clogging was studied: amount of REM, fraction of oxide clusters, total oxygen content in the steel, reoxidation, aluminium additions before REM additions and silicon additions during casting. Overall, the results show that, during the present experimental conditions, mainly two typical clogging rates could be identified, fast and slow clogging. Two main differences could be detected between the fast and slow clogging rates. Steel containing mainly small single inclusions clogged faster than steel containing mainly large inclusion clusters. The reason was believed to be that the small inclusions could stick to the nozzle wall at narrow passages where the steel flow velocity was high while the larger ones could not. The source of the small inclusions was believed to be reoxidation. It was also found that the main part of the nozzle accretion was caused by agglomeration of inclusions and inclusion clusters, while only a thin oxide film along the nozzle wall was caused by oxide precipitation at the nozzle wall.     

汽车齿轮钢8620RH的洁净度

以抚顺特殊钢股份有限公司一炼钢厂的生产数据为实践依据,以改善汽车齿轮钢8620RH的夹杂物和氧质量分数两个洁净度指标为目的,使用扫描电镜分析冶炼过程中LF炉(钢包精炼炉)初期、LF炉末期、VD（真空脱气）处理前以及软吹后4个节点的钢液中夹杂物形貌和成分,明确钢中夹杂物的演变过程。通过降低电炉终点氧质量分数分析LF精炼炉渣成分,强化LF炉白渣精炼操作以及控制VD处理后的软吹效果等措施,达到汽车齿轮钢8620RH氧质量分数平均值为0.001 17%,B类夹杂物中B细不高于1.5级、B粗不高于0.5级的冶炼控制水平。     

酸溶铝含量对硅镇静钢夹杂物特征及水口堵塞的影响

通过500 g MoSi₂电阻炉熔炼试验考察了酸溶铝Als含量对硅镇静钢中夹杂物形貌、组成、数量及熔点的影响,并对KR铁水预处理-BOF-吹Ar-LF-CC流程现场水口残留物进行微观观察,探讨了夹杂物堵塞水口的机理,提出了硅镇静钢中铝含量的合理控制范围。结果表明,随Als含量增加硅镇静钢的夹杂物熔点升高,夹杂物数量减少;观察水口残留物为低熔点夹杂物镶嵌高熔点夹杂物,高Als钢中固态夹杂物以熔融态夹杂物为粘结剂聚集而粘附水口;钢液中Als含量控制在0.0030%~0.007 5%不会生成皮下气孔、不易水口堵塞。     

防止含钛焊丝钢GF50-G水口结瘤的生产实践

含钛焊丝钢GF50-G（/%:0.08C,0.83Si,1.55Mn,0.014P,0.012S,0.19Ti）生产流程为80 t顶底复吹转炉-LF-160 mm×160mm方坯连铸,在浇注过程中经常出现水口结瘤现象。扫描电镜和能谱仪对水口结瘤物的分析得出,结瘤物主要物相为TiO₂。水口结瘤的热力学计算表明,为避免钛脱氧产物被[Al]还原形成铝钛系夹杂物,应控制[Als]在0.008%以下。根据生产实践,将中间包钢水温度从1542℃提高至1 550℃控制[Alt]≤0.010%、加钛铁前使[O]≤15×10^-6、减少钢水的二次氧化能够防止水口结瘤、连浇炉次从3～4炉提高到8～10炉。     

CSP连铸浸入式水口结瘤案例研究

研究了CSP连铸浸入式水口结瘤两种案例。案例曲线表明,塞棒开度和结晶器液面波动是钢水浇铸过程中最重要的特征参数。薄板坯连铸铝镇静钢中间包水口结瘤是高熔点夹杂在水口内壁的聚集。生产不稳,积压钢水在LF多次处理,产生细小的高熔点夹杂难以去除;软吹钢水“露眼”和开浇烧氧再生高熔点夹杂来不及去除都会导致水口结瘤。钙处理主要是球化夹杂,改善钢水可浇性。即使Ca／Als（钙／酸溶铝）和Ca／Alin（钙／酸不溶铝）都合适,夹杂物绝对量大,钢水可浇性仍较差,水口容易结瘤。     

中薄板坯流程生产IF钢中包水口结瘤控制

采用扫描电镜、能谱分析等方法,对BOF-RH-CC中薄板坯流程生产含钛IF钢浸入式水口结瘤的原因进行了分析。结果表明,含钛IF钢水口结瘤的原因为水口本体内部的C与SiO2发生反应产生氧化性气体,氧化性气体和钢水中的[Al]、[Ti]反应在水口内壁上形成反应层,反应层促进了钢水中原有的Al2O3和Al-Ti-O复合夹杂物快速向水口内壁沉积。Ti的存在加重了水口结瘤的发生。以全流程氧位控制为目标,通过转炉终点控制、RH精炼、顶渣改质、中薄板坯连铸等工艺优化,使RH出站钢水T[O]质量分数控制在35×10^-6以下,中包钢水T[O]质量分数控制在30×10^-6以下,水口结瘤现象得到明显改善,单支水口平均连浇炉数由1.2炉提高至3炉,单支水口连浇时间提高到177 min。     

Characterization of Inclusions and Countermeasures to Reduce Nozzle Clogging

Total oxygen analysis, chemical or electrolytic extraction and optical microscope with image analyzer are common methods to measure the cleanliness of steel. A re-melting technique was developed to float out inclusions and be examined under SEM or Cathodoluminescence microscopy. Evaluation of inclusions by optical emission spectrometer, ultrasonic tests after hot rolling, slab milling and defect mapping as well as a computer-controlled SEM analysis are described. As a result, the source causes of defects may be identified and countermeasures developed. Tundish nozzle clogging is quantified by a nozzle clogging factor, which is monitored on-line. Inclusion characterization and the implementation of a clean steel practice have led to a reduction of nozzle clogging and an increased cast string length with improved steel quality.     

Investigation on Non-Metallic Inclusions in LCAK Steel Produced by BOF-LF-FTSC Production Route

 The behavior of non-metallic inclusions in LCAK (low carbon aluminum killed) steel produced by BOF (basic oxygen furnace)-LF (ladle furnace) refining-FTSC (flexible thin slab continuous caster) production route was investigated. The results showed that, LF refining for LCAK steel could decrease the wT[O] significantly, and the inclusions were modified by Ca treatment, which prevented nozzle clogging efficiently. However, owing to the unstable casting condition in the earlier stage of casting, a severe reoxidation occurred, accompanied with mold slag entrapment. The transformation of non-metallic inclusions during the steelmaking process was Al2O3→MgO-Al2O3 type inclusion→MgO-Al2O3-CaO type inclusion with a CaS ring, and the mechanism of the transformation was proposed and discussed via thermodynamic and kinetic analysis. Besides, to avoid CaS precipitation, the product of w2[Al]×w3[S] in steel should be less than 2.0×10-10 at 1873 K, which remands higher desulfurization ratio during LF refining.