表面活性剂辅助插层制备二维Ti3C2Tx及其电化学性能研究

采用一种改进的方法制备了类石墨烯的Ti_3C_2T_x二维材料。首先采用氢氟酸刻蚀Ti_3AlC_2,然后向插层溶剂二甲亚砜中添加表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵协助二甲亚砜共同插层,最后经超声处理制备Ti_3C_2T_x。XRD测试表明,由于表面活性剂的协助插层作用,插层剂分子更容易进入Ti_3C_2T_x层间,显著增加其层间距,减小层间的相互作用力,便于其剥离。氮气吸脱实验证实该方法制备的Ti_3C_2T_x具有更高的比表面积和孔容。电化学测试表明,由制备的Ti_3C_2T_x组装成的对称性电容器具有更高的比电容,在0.5 A/g电流密度下的比电容达75.0 F/g,当充电电流增加至4 A/g时,其电容维持在57.0 F/g。在1 A/g的电流密度下,经过2 500次的充放电循环后,制备的Ti_3C_2T_x材料的比电容为61.5 F/g,循化稳定率达87.0%。     

磺酸基改性二维Ti3C2Tx纳米材料制备与Pb2+吸附性能

对二维Ti₃C₂T_x材料进行了磺酸基团接枝改性(Ti₃C₂T_x—SO₃H),表征了改性前后微观结构的变化,研究了对重金属Pb2+的吸附行为与机制。XRD、FTIR及EDS表明磺酸基团在Ti₃C₂T_x表面成功接枝,而SEM则发现Ti₃C₂T_x?SO₃H呈现较Ti₃C₂T_x更轻薄的层状结构。改性后,Ti₃C₂T_x—SO₃H对重金属Pb2+20 min内达到吸附平衡,最大吸附量达到733.6 mg·g?1,较Ti₃C₂T_x吸附量提升了23%,且吸附量随着pH(2~6)的增加而逐渐增大,在Mg2+、Ca2+、Co2+、Zn2+等共存离子的干扰下,仍保持较高的吸附水平。机制分析表明,改性前后吸附过程均符合准二级动力学模型和Langmuir吸附等温线拟合模型,以单分子层化学吸附为主,但由于磺酸基团提供了更多的吸附饱和活性位点,并提高了Ti₃C₂T_x在水溶液中的分散性,使改性后对Pb2+吸附性能更优异。      

不同横向尺寸单层Ti3C2Tx纳米片的制备及其电化学性能研究

近年来, 一种新型二维过渡金属碳化物及氮化物(MXene)凭借大的比表面积、良好的亲水性、金属导电性等物理化学性质而广受关注。通过LiF和HCl刻蚀Ti₃AlC₂的Al层, 改变机械剥离强度和方式, 以及离心速率和时间, 可控制备出平均横向尺寸为625 和2562 nm的单层Ti₃C₂T_x型MXene。借助扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)对二维Ti₃C₂T_x进行形貌、结构和成分的表征。使用电化学工作站表征Ti₃C₂T_x的电化学性能。结果表明: 小片层Ti₃C₂T_x(625 nm)的质量比电容高达561.9 F/g, 远高于文献报道的石墨烯、碳纳米管和二氧化锰等电极材料; Ti₃C₂T_x电极在循环测试10 ⁴次后, 其比电容仍保持初始96%的容量。     

TiO2/Ti3C2Tx复合材料的制备及其杂化电容脱盐特性的研究

人口的快速增长和工业经济迅猛发展导致全球淡水资源短缺,对海水和苦咸水进行淡化是解决淡水资源短缺的有效方法.本工作通过直接煅烧Ti3C2Tx制备了TiO2/Ti3C2Tx复合材料,并研究了基于TiO2/Ti3C2Tx复合电极的杂化电容脱盐特性(Hybrid capacitive deionization,HCDI).研究...     

二维碳化钛/碳纳米管负载铂钌粒子的制备及电催化性能研究

直接甲醇燃料电池因操作方便、转化效率高、操作温度低、污染少以及液体燃料易存储易运输等优势具有良好的应用前景, 但现有阳极催化剂存在催化活性低、抗CO中毒性差等缺点, 制约了其商业化应用前景。本研究采用三步法制备得到了一系列不同Pt、Ru配比的PtRu/(Ti₃C₂T_x)_0.5-(MWCNTs)_0.5阳极催化剂材料, HF腐蚀Ti₃AlC₂得到Ti₃C₂T_x, 与酸化处理的多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)复合后通过溶剂热法负载Pt、Ru颗粒。通过XRD、SEM、EDS、TEM、XPS等分析铂钌的协同关系。结果表明: Ru原子与Pt原子晶格混合, 形成了粒径约3.6 nm的铂钌双金属合金。电化学分析结果表明: Pt₁Ru_0.5/(Ti₃C₂T_x)_0.5-(MWCNTs)_0.5催化剂具有最佳的电化学性能, 其电化学活性面积(Electrochemical Active Area, ECSA)为139.5 m ²/g, 正向峰电流密度为36.4 mA/cm ²。     

MXene/铜合金复合材料的制备与性能研究

采用分子级混合方法及SPS烧结技术制备了Ti₃C₂T_x含量分别为5vol%、10vol%和20vol%的Cu/Ti₃C₂T_x复合材料, 研究了Ti₃C₂T_x含量对铜基复合材料的导电性、力学性能及摩擦磨损性能的影响。研究发现: 随Ti₃C₂T_x含量增加, Cu/Ti₃C₂T_x复合材料的相对密度及电导率均持续下降, 拉伸强度则先升高后下降; 当Ti₃C₂T_x含量为5vol%时, Cu/Ti₃C₂T_x复合材料的拉伸强度相比纯铜提高了43%。添加Ti₃C₂T_x可以明显改善Cu/Ti₃C₂T_x复合材料的摩擦磨损性能, 当Ti₃C₂T_x含量为10vol%时, Cu/Ti₃C₂T_x复合材料的磨损率仅为2.55×10^-7 mm³/(N·m), 比纯铜降低了一个数量级。     

Ti3C2Tx MXene 基复合材料驱动器的制备及研究进展

驱动器具备质轻、柔软、微小、智能化等特点,能够通过感受外界刺激如光、电、温度、湿度等产生相应的力、位移或形变,在软机器人、智能穿戴设备、仿生工程等领域具备巨大的应用潜力。然而,驱动器也存在着响应灵敏性和稳定性方面的缺陷。MXene具有高导电性、表面官能团可调性和优越的力学性能,有望成为解决上述问题的关键。目前,MXene材料主要面临易氧化和相对较高的生产成本等挑战,相关研究处于早期阶段,需要进一步验证其实际应用潜力。因此,本文介绍了MXene及MXene基驱动器的制备方法,并梳理光热响应型驱动器、离子响应型驱动器、湿度响应型驱动器及其他响应型驱动器的研究进展,同时对MXene基驱动器未来的研究方向进行了展望。     

二维晶体材料MXene的电化学应用研究进展

MXene是一种类石墨烯结构的新型二维过渡金属碳化物或碳氮化物,通过氟盐和盐酸或氢氟酸刻蚀前驱体MAX相中的活泼金属元素得到,其化学通式为Mn+1XnT(n=1,2,3…),T表示表面所附着的官能团(-H、-F或-OH)。得益于其表面的官能团,MXene在储能方面应用较为广泛。通过表面改性、离子插层,增加MXene晶面间距,提高离子传输效率,以优化MXene在电化学方面的应用。综述了以Ti3C2为代表的MXene的制备方法、理论研究以及在锂离子电池、锂硫电池、超级电容器等方面的应用研究进展,展望了MXene在电化学领域的应用前景和未来的研究方向。     

SnO2@Ti3C2Tx 负极材料的制备及其应用

通过超声辅助和低温热处理在二维Ti₃C₂T_x 纳米片层间原位生长SnO₂纳米颗粒,制备出纳米结构的SnO₂@Ti₃C₂T_x 复合材料。使用X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱和高分辨透射电子显微镜等手段对其表征,研究了这种材料的结构和性能。结果表明,SnO₂纳米粒子密集分布在Ti₃C₂T_x 片层表面与片层之间,Ti₃C₂T_x 纳米薄片突出的限制效应和良好的类石墨层状结构抑制了SnO₂纳米粒子的体积膨胀和团聚,加速了锂离子和电子的跃迁。同时,嵌入在片层之间的SnO₂纳米粒子防止纳米片层在锂插入/脱出过程中重新堆积,使Ti₃C₂T_x 基体的纵向结构稳定性提高。SnO₂@Ti₃C₂T_x 复合材料两组分之间的协同效应,使其具有良好的倍率性能与长循环性能。     

Recent Advances in Layered Ti3C2Tx MXene for Electrochemical Energy Storage

Ti₃C₂T_x, a typical representative among the emerging family of 2D layered transition metal carbides and/or nitrides referred to as MXenes, has exhibited multiple advantages including metallic conductivity, a plastic layer structure, small band gaps, and the hydrophilic nature of its functionalized surface. As a result, this 2D material is intensively investigated for application in the energy storage field. The composition, morphology and texture, surface chemistry, and structural configuration of Ti₃C₂T_x directly influence its electrochemical performance, e.g., the use of a well‐designed 2D Ti₃C₂T_x as a rechargeable battery anode has significantly enhanced battery performance by providing more chemically active interfaces, shortened ion‐diffusion lengths, and improved in‐plane carrier/charge‐transport kinetics. Some recent progresses of Ti₃C₂T_x MXene are achieved in energy storage. This Review summarizes recent advances in the synthesis and electrochemical energy storage applications of Ti₃C₂T_x MXene including supercapacitors, lithium‐ion batteries, sodium‐ion batteries, and lithium–sulfur batteries. The current opportunities and future challenges of Ti₃C₂T_x MXene are addressed for energy‐storage devices. This Review seeks to provide a rational and in‐depth understanding of the relation between the electrochemical performance and the nanostructural/chemical composition of Ti₃C₂T_x, which will promote the further development of 2D MXenes in energy‐storage applications.     

A New Memristor with 2D Ti3C2Tx MXene Flakes as an Artificial Bio‐Synapse

Two‐dimensional (2D) materials have attracted extensive research interest in academia due to their excellent electrochemical properties and broad application prospects. Among them, 2D transition metal carbides (Ti₃C₂T_x) show semiconductor characteristics and are studied widely. However, there are few academic reports on the use of 2D MXene materials as memristors. In this work, reported is a memristor based on MXene Ti₃C₂T_x flakes. After electroforming, Al/Ti₃C₂T_x/Pt devices exhibit repeatable resistive switching (RS) behavior. More interestingly, the resistance of this device can be continuously modulated under the pulse sequence with 10 ns pulse width, and the pulse width of 10 ns is much lower than that in other reported work. Moreover, on the nanosecond scale, the transition from short‐term plasticity to long‐term plasticity is achieved. These two properties indicate that this device is favorable for ultrafast biological synapse applications and high‐efficiency training of neural networks. Through the exploration of the microstructure, Ti vacancies and partial oxidation are proposed as the origins of the physical mechanism of RS behavior. This work reveals that 2D MXene Ti₃C₂T_x flakes have excellent potential for use in memristor devices, which may open the door for more functions and applications.     

SnO-SnO2 modified two-dimensional MXene Ti3C2Tx for acetone gas sensor working at room temperature

Acetone,as widely used reagents in industry and laboratories,are extremely harmful to the human.So the detection of acetone gas concentrations and leaks in special environments at room temperature is essential.Herein,the nanocomposite combining SnO-SnO2 (p-n junction) and Ti3C2Tx MXene was successfully synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal method.Because of the existence of a small amount of oxygen during the hydrothermal conditions,part of the p-type SnO was oxidized to n-type SnO2,forming in-situ p-n junctions on the surface of SnO.The hamburger-like SnO-SnO2/Ti3C2Tx sensor exhibited improved acetone gas sensing response of 12.1 (Rg/Ra) at room temperature,which were nearly 11 and 4 times higher than those of pristine Ti3C2Tx and pristine SnO-SnO2,respectively.Moreover,it expressed a short recovery time (9 s) and outstanding reproducibility.Because of the different work functions,the Schottky barrier was formed between the SnO and the Ti3C2Tx nanosheets,acting as a hole accumulation layer (HALs) between Ti3C2Tx and tin oxides.Herein,the sensing mechanism based on the formation of hetero-junctions and high conductivity of the metallic phase of Ti3C2Tx MXene in SnO-SnO2/Ti3C2Tx sensors was discussed in detail.     

Fe~(3+) -stabilized Ti_3C_2T_x MXene enables ultrastable Li-ion storage at low temperature

It is highly important to develop ultrastable electrode materials for Li-ion batteries(LIBs),especially in the low temperature.Herein,we report Fe³⁺-stabilized Ti₃C₂T_x MXene(donated as T/F-4:1)as the anode material,which exhibits an ultrastable low-temperature Li-ion storage property(135.2 m A h g^-1after300 cycles under the current density of 200 m A g^-1at-10℃),compared with the negligible capacity for the pure Ti₃C₂T_x MXene(26 m A h g^-1at 200 m A g^-1).We characterized as-made T/F samples via the Xray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),Fourier transformed infrared(FT-IR)and Raman spectroscopy,and found that the terminated functional groups(-O and-OH)in T/F are Li⁺ storage sites.Fe³⁺-stabilization makes-O/-OH groups in MXene interlayers become active towards Li⁺,leading to much more active sites and thus an enhanced capacity and well cyclic stability.In contrast,only-O/-OH groups on the top and bottom surfaces of pure Ti₃C₂T_x MXene can be used to adsorb Li⁺,resulting in a low capacity.Transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and XPS data confirm that T/F-4:1 holds the highly stable solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)layer during the cycling at-10℃.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations further uncover that T/F has fast diffusion of Li⁺ and consequent better electrochemical performances than pure Ti₃C₂T_x MXene.It is believed that the new strategy used here will help to fabricate advanced MXene-based electrode materials in the energy storage application.     

Architecting the High-Entropy Oxides on 2D MXene Nanosheets by Rapid Microwave-Heating Strategy with Robust Photoelectrochemical Oxygen Evolution Performance

High-entropy oxides (HEO) have recently concerned interest as the most promising electrocatalytic materials for oxygen evolution reactions (OER). In this work, a new strategy to the synthesis of HEO nanostructures on Ti₃C₂T_x MXene via rapid microwave heating and subsequent calcination at a low temperature is reported. Furthermore, the influence of HEO loading on Ti₃C₂T_x MXene is investigated toward OER performance with and without visible-light illumination in an alkaline medium. The obtained HEO/Ti₃C₂T_x-0.5 hybrid exhibited an outstanding photoelectrochemical OER ability with a low overpotential of 331 mV at 10 mA cm⁻² and a small Tafel slope of 71 mV dec⁻¹, which exceeded that of a commercial IrO₂ catalyst (340 mV at 10 mA cm⁻²). In particular, the fabricated water electrolyzer with the HEO/Ti₃C₂T_x-0.5 hybrid as anode required a less potential of 1.62 V at 10 mA cm⁻² under visible-light illumination. Owing to the strong synergistic interaction between the HEO and Ti₃C₂T_x MXene, the HEO/Ti₃C₂T_x hybrid has a great electrochemical surface area, many metal active sites, high conductivity, and fast reaction kinetics, resulting in an excellent OER performance. This study offers an efficient strategy for synthesizing HEO-based materials with high OER performance to produce high-value hydrogen fuel.     

Electrostatic Self-Assembly of MXene on Ruthenium Dioxide-Modified Carbon Cloth for Electrochemical Detection of Kaempferol

A superior composite material consisting of MXene and ruthenium dioxide-modified carbon cloth is synthesized by pulsed laser deposition and electrostatic self-assembly, which is further utilized to construct a class of novel electrochemical (EC) sensors for kaempferol (KA) detection. The carbon-cloth-based electrodes modified by ruthenium dioxide and then MXene are characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. The EC process on the modified electrodes is analyzed by cyclic voltammetry, EC impedance spectroscopy, and differential pulse voltammetry. It is found that positively charged RuO₂ not only possesses the remarkable electrical conductivity and electrocatalysis activity but also hampers the restacking of MXene, which accordingly enhances the exposure of the active surface area and greatly boosts the electrocatalysis activity of the entire composite. Consequently, this newly developed composite-based EC sensor exhibits a high sensitivity, selectivity, and remarkable stability to detect KA with two linear ranges of 0.06–1 and 1–15 µM. The inferred limit of detection is 0.039 µM via differential pulse voltammetry. More importantly, this novel EC sensor is found to be applicable for detecting KA in practical traditional Chinese medicines.     

Hollow MXene Spheres and 3D Macroporous MXene Frameworks for Na‐Ion Storage

2D transition metal carbides and nitrides, named MXenes, are attracting increasing attentions and showing competitive performance in energy storage devices including electrochemical capacitors, lithium‐ and sodium‐ion batteries, and lithium–sulfur batteries. However, similar to other 2D materials, MXene nanosheets are inclined to stack together, limiting the device performance. In order to fully utilize MXenes' electrochemical energy storage capability, here, processing of 2D MXene flakes into hollow spheres and 3D architectures via a template method is reported. The MXene hollow spheres are stable and can be easily dispersed in solvents such as water and ethanol, demonstrating their potential applications in environmental and biomedical fields as well. The 3D macroporous MXene films are free‐standing, flexible, and highly conductive due to good contacts between spheres and metallic conductivity of MXenes. When used as anodes for sodium‐ion storage, these 3D MXene films exhibit much improved performances compared to multilayer MXenes and MXene/carbon nanotube hybrid architectures in terms of capacity, rate capability, and cycling stability. This work demonstrates the importance of MXene electrode architecture on the electrochemical performance and can guide future work on designing high‐performance MXene‐based materials for energy storage, catalysis, environmental, and biomedical applications.