高层建筑桩筏基础整体弯矩确定的新方法

目前高层建筑桩筏基础筏板整体弯矩的计算方法主要是采用条带法按梁或弹性地基梁理论处理,这种方法在理论上不甚合理,计算得到的整体弯矩往往过大。本文根据已得到的软土地基桩筏基础的共同作用下桩筏基础筏板整体弯曲计算方法,提出高层建筑桩筏基础筏板整体弯矩的计算方法,与实测结果比较符合。该法方便简单,适宜用于实际工程的设计计算.     

上部结构、筏板基础和地基共同作用的有限元分析

考虑上部结构、筏板基础和地基的共同作用,运用ANSYS有限元计算方法,通过上部结构、筏板基础和地基之间在连接点处的静力平衡和变形协调条件,分析了上部结构对筏板基础变形、内力影响以及筏板基础对上部结构变形、内力的影响,探讨了共同作用的影响规律。计算结果表明,考虑共同作用时,上部结构承担了部分筏板基础荷载,使筏板基础内力、变形减小;考虑筏板基础的刚度时,由于整体弯曲的作用,使上部结构的应力产生重分布,梁产生了附加弯曲应力,增大了上部结构的内力,因此在工程设计中应考虑共同作用的影响,使工程更安全、更经济。     

桩筏基础的筏板分块探讨

采用三维有限元方法,就工程中常见的桩筏基础在竖向荷载作用下桩—地基土—筏板共同作用时的特性进行探讨,重点分析筏板分块面积大小对桩土分担比、筏板内力(特指弯矩和扭矩)、最大沉降量和最大沉降差的影响,从而得出有益的结论并提出了设计建议。     

框架结构-筏板基础-地基共同作用的力学特性

通过ANSYS模拟了框架结构-筏板基础-地基的共同作用情况,建立了三者的变形协调方程,分析了考虑共同作用对结构内力、筏板及地基沉降的影响规律,得出了考虑共同作用时,上部结构端柱呈现出最大加载、柱底弯矩成倍增长,而筏板基础和地基的应力和沉降都明显减小的结论。     

土-桩-筏共同作用的混合分析法

提出了一种土-桩-筏共同作用的混合分析法.将桩和桩间土简化为弹簧作用于筏板下,桩土相互作用系数基于Mindlin解和Boussinesq解,为避免桩端应力集中,在桩端面上进行应力积分,并引入修正参数来考虑桩挤开土的实际情况.筏板采用无剪切闭锁的四边形厚薄板通用单元进行有限元分析.根据桩土柔度系数得到桩土柔度矩阵,求逆后与筏板刚度矩阵耦合,形成土-桩-筏体系的刚度矩阵.桩的沉降计算和土层参数的确定与规范法一致,适用于成层地基上变桩长、变桩径情况,板单元适用于平面形状不规则的薄板及中厚板.通过计算Poulos提出的经典桩筏基础模型并与其它几种典型方法对比,表明该法合理、实用.     

考虑共同作用下的筏板基础厚度的设计方法研究

由于工程界中对于筏板基础缺少研究,不了解其具体的受力特性,在筏板基础设计方面缺乏成熟的设计理论和计算方法,筏板基础仍按常规筏基的设计方法进行设计,往往造成筏板过厚,使基础造价过高,产生很大的浪费。根据高层建筑上部结构、基础和地基共同作用的基本原理,提出一种筏板基础的计算方法,考虑了多种因素影响,比较符合基础的实际受力状况。本文研究了空间框架-筏板-地基共同作用时筏板基础的受力和变形性能,并利用有限元方法完成三维模型的数值分析。应用筏板基础的非线性分析方法,考察了影响筏板基础受力性能的混凝土强度等级、筏板基础厚度以及筏土刚度比等因素对筏板基础的受力特性的影响,通过数值计算,对筏板基础的优化设计进行了分析。通过这些结论对设计提出有利的建议,从理论上可以使筏基达到优化设计的目标,其直接结果可以使筏板减薄,降低基础造价。     

水平荷载作用下筏板基础共同作用分析

筏板基础是一种常用的基础形式。由于实际建筑物都是由上部结构、基础和地基组成的完整系统,三者之间是相互影响面又共同作用的,在这个完整系统中三者的受力和变形是相互制约的。文章采用SAP2000有限元软件分别分析了在水平荷载作用下筏板基础的非共同作用模型和共同作用模型,对共同作用的影响作出分析有助于使筏板和上部结构的计算更符合实际情况,使实际工程设计更好地兼顾安全与经济。     

考虑相互作用的桩筏基础简化分析法

提出了一种考虑土 -桩 -筏相互作用的桩筏基础简化分析法。将群桩中每根桩的桩顶沉降分成桩身压缩和桩端沉降分别计算 ,桩身压缩由单桩静载荷试验或其他方法估算 ,桩端沉降根据分层总和法计算。将桩简化成弹簧作用在筏板下 ,弹簧刚度根据桩顶平均荷载和相应的沉降获得。采用 16节点退化实体等参元对筏板进行有限元分析 ,获得筏板的沉降和内力等。本文方法桩的刚度计算相对简单 ,可以考虑成层地基、地基层厚不均匀等情况 ,沉降计算方法和土性参数确定基本上与“规范”法相同 ,板单元特别适合于平面形状不规则及变厚度的筏板分析。最后 ,将本文的计算结果和其他方法作了对比 ,并介绍了该方法的工程应用。     

筏式和箱式承台弯矩的计算

本文通过现场测试以及高层建筑桩筏和桩箱基础的共同作用分析,提出了高层建筑桩筏(箱)基础底板的厚度、相对弯曲以及整体弯矩的确定方法。文中还给出了基底反力的统计值,角桩反力、边桩反力与桩的平均反力的比值的统计值,以利设计人员的使用。     

桩筏基础共同作用计算方法

桩筏基础共同作用计算的准确性已经越来越受到工程界的关注.本文通过基于Mindlin理论的Geddes应力解推导了一种接近实际工程情况的桩单元模型用来取代弹簧模型,使桩和基础筏板及墙、梁、柱等构件能够进行共同作用.     

Deformation of compensated piled raft foundations with deep embedment in super‐tall buildings of Shanghai

This paper presents a synergetic approach based on a statistical‐empirical method, conservation of energy method and superstructure‐foundation interaction theory, and this paper aims to estimate the deformation level of a compensated piled raft foundation. The advantages and main characteristics of such a compensated piled raft foundation are described, and a history of the heave, recompression deformation and final settlement data measurements is provided. Case studies of four super‐tall buildings, the 88‐story Jinmao Building, 66‐story Henglong Plaza, 101‐story Shanghai World Financial Center and 121‐story Shanghai Center Tower in Shanghai, all of which are engineering projects that the second author participated in, are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of different calculations for heave, recompression deformation and final settlement. This study demonstrates that the deformation process can be reasonably projected for a piled raft foundation with deep embedment in Shanghai using superstructure‐foundation interaction methods, statistical‐empirical formulas and a method based on the conservation of energy. The coefficients in the statistical‐empirical method are also further optimized. This deformation estimation considering compensation for deep embedment unloading is reasonable and can be used to avoid excessively conservative designs, and the synergetic approach is applicable to any compensated piled raft foundation with deep embedment in Shanghai. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

考虑极限承载力下的桩筏基础相互作用分析

本文将文献［１］中的单桩分析方法推广应用于群桩体系，引进荷载超限转移法（“Ｃｕｔ－ｏｆ”）来考虑土的理想弹塑性，以模拟桩、土地基单元超过极限承载力的情况。通过工程实例，将本法沉降计算结果和其它方法及实测值进行了对比分析，表明该法的可行和实用性。     

设置变形调节装置桩筏基础设计方法及工程实践

设置变形调节装置桩筏基础通过调节装置实现对桩土支承刚度的调整与优化,使其可应用于端承型桩基桩土共同作用、变刚度调平设计、老桩的再生利用以及土岩结合地基等支承刚度严重不均匀的情况。作为一种新的桩筏基础形式,工程实践表明设置变形调节装置桩筏基础可取得显著的经济效益和社会效益。为推动其进一步应用与发展,形成成套设计理论与方法,本文详细介绍了变形调节装置桩筏基础的设计过程,并通过一工程实例对其设计方法进一步进行了分析,供广大工程技术人员参考。     

Response in piled raft foundation of tall chimneys under along-wind load incorporating flexibility of soil

The present paper deals with the numerical analysis of tall reinforced concrete chimneys with piled raft foundation subjected to along-wind loads considering the flexibility of soil. The analysis was carried out using finite element method on the basis of direct method of soil-structure interaction (SSI). The linear elastic material behavior was assumed for chimney, piled raft and soil. Four different material properties of soil stratum were selected in order to study the effect of SSI. The chimney elevation and the thickness of raft of piled raft foundation were also varied for the parametric study. The chimneys were assumed to be located in terrain category 2 and subjected to a maximum wind speed of 50 m/s as per IS:875 (Part 3)-1987. The along-wind loads were computed according to IS:4998 (Part 1)-1992. The base moments of chimney evaluated from the SSI analysis were compared with those obtained as per IS:4998 (Part 1)-1992. The tangential and radial bending moments of raft of piled raft foundation were evaluated through SSI analysis and compared with those obtained from conventional analysis as per IS:11089-1984, assuming rigidity at the base of the raft foundation. The settlements of raft of piled raft foundation, deflection of pile and moments of the pile due to interaction with different soil stratum were also evaluated. From the analysis, considerable reduction in the base moment of chimney due to the effect of SSI is observed. Higher radial moments and lower tangential moments were obtained for lower elevation chimneys with piled raft resting on loose sand when compared with conventional analysis results. The effect of SSI in the response of the pile is more significant when the structure-foundation system interacts with loose sand.     

桩筏基础的设计计算方法及模型试验研究综述

总结了工程设计中桩筏基础的设计理论和方法、桩筏基础的模型试验研究现状,结合复合桩基的理论和设计方法,探讨了对桩筏基础的筏板受力性状研究的重要性,提出模型试验要多关注筏板的受力机理的建议,从而为设计积累经验。     

Centrifuge model tests on piled raft foundation in sand subjected to lateral and moment loads

Piled raft foundation has been widely recognized as a rational and economical foundation system with the combined effects of raft and piles. However, the behavior of laterally loaded piled raft foundation has not been well understood due to the complicated interaction of raft–ground–piles. A series of static horizontal loading tests were carried out on three types of foundation models, i.e., piled raft, pile group and raft alone models, on sand using a geotechnical centrifuge. In this paper, the influences of relatively large moment load and rotation on the overall performance of laterally loaded piled raft foundation were examined. From the centrifuge model tests, it is found that the vertical displacement due to horizontal loads is different between piled raft and pile group foundation, and this vertical displacement has significant influences on the performance of laterally loaded piled raft foundation. The horizontal resistance of the pile part in the piled raft foundation is higher than those observed in the pile group foundation due to raft base contact pressure. The vertical displacement of the foundation due to the horizontal loads affects the vertical resistances of piles, which results in the different mobilization of moment resistances between the piled raft and pile group foundations.     

桩筏基础的设计分析方法综述

针对工程中常用的桩筏基础,通过归纳总结这一研究领域中所取得的成果,简述了几种桩筏基础的设计分析方法,以此为桩筏基础的设计计算提供一些有价值的参考。     

121‐story Shanghai Center Tower foundation re‐analysis using a compensated pile foundation theory

This paper attempts to re‐analyze the piled raft foundation in the Shanghai Center Tower as a fully compensated foundation using a hybrid method of superstructure–foundation interaction and other methods. Some cases were used to the applicability of the methods. The deformation analysis is divided into four parts: (a) Part 1: heave due to the weight of the excavated soil, (b) Part 2 : recompression due to the dead load of the structure, (c) Part 3 : recompression due to the live load of the structure and (d) Part 4 : settlement due to the constant load. Load acting on the top of the pile group and load sharing between the raft and the piles are also considered. The results are also compared in detail with the measured ones. In addition, research based on earth pressure theory was conducted to determine how to reduce or control the overturning moment caused by wind. Finally, this paper suggests that the Shanghai Center Tower, which is currently under construction, can have more than 121 stories by improving the design, which will also result in great investment savings. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

不同桩长、桩径桩筏基础的分析方法

针对具有不同桩长、桩径群桩的桩筏基础进行研究,采用筏基无单元方法对筏板进行模拟,基于共同作用原理,以桩与桩、桩与土相互作用的解析模型为基础,建立了层状地基上不同桩长、桩径、桩体材料情况下,桩筏基础与地基共同作用的一种分析方法。旨在解决具有特殊桩群,或通过桩长、桩径、桩体材料的变化、优化桩土刚度分布、调平设计时的桩筏基础计算问题。该方法可方便地用于非均匀布桩、非规则平面形状桩筏基础的计算和优化分析。与基于实际工程的大型模型试验结果的比较表明,该方法是合理可行的,并具有较好的实用性。     

Innovative piled raft foundations design using artificial neural network

Studying the piled raft behavior has been the subject of many types of research in the field of geotechnical engineering. Several studies have been conducted to understand the behavior of these types of foundations, which are often used for uniform loading on the raft and piles with the same length, while generally the transition load from the upper structure to the foundation is non-uniform and the choice of uniform length for piles in the above model will not be optimally economic and practical. The most common method in identifying the behavior of piled rafts is the use of theoretical relationships and software analyses. More precise identification of this type of foundation behavior can be very difficult due to several influential parameters and interaction of set behavior, and it will be done by doing time-consuming computer analyses or costly full-scale physical modeling. In the meantime, the technique of artificial neural networks can be used to achieve this goal with minimum time consumption, in which data from physical and numerical modeling can be used for network learning. One of the advantages of this method is the speed and simplicity of using it. In this paper, a model is presented based on multi-layer perceptron artificial neural network. In this model pile diameter, pile length, and pile spacing is considered as an input parameter that can be used to estimate maximum settlement, maximum differential settlement, and maximum raft moment. By this model, we can create an extensive domain of results for optimum system selection in the desired piled raft foundation. Results of neural network indicate its proper ability in identifying the piled raft behavior. The presented procedure provides an interesting solution and economically enhancing the design of the piled raft foundation system. This innovative design method reduces the time spent on software analyses.