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数控机床几何误差与热误差综合建模及其实时补偿 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:8
为提高数控机床的精度,提出一种数控机床的几何与热的复合误差综合建模方法。通过分析机床在不同温度状态下的误差数据,得到机床误差分布规律;根据几何误差和热误差的不同特性进行误差分离,采用多项式拟合与线性拟合方法建立机床几何误差与热误差的综合数学模型;利用数控(Computer numerical control,CNC)系统的外部机床坐标系偏置功能,应用自行研发的综合误差实时补偿系统进行误差在线实时补偿。该误差补偿方法综合考虑机床几何误差及其在机床不同温度下的变化,全面分析整个温升过程直至热稳态的误差及其变化规律。经检测认证表明,应用该误差补偿方法及其实时补偿系统可使机床在常温下的定位误差由44.1μm降低到3.6μm,补偿91.8%;温升之后的定位误差由26.0μm降低到5.1μm,补偿80.4%,大幅度提高机床的精度。 相似文献
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一种五轴数控机床的综合误差建模与补偿 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究五轴数控机床的综合误差建模与补偿方法。系统地分析了机床几何误差与热误差,并提出了其新的分类方法和一种直观形象的杆、副误差矩阵描述方法,根据这种误差描述方法建立了五轴数控机床的综合误差模型,最后根据矩阵微分法建立了机床综合误差补偿模型。 相似文献
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多轴数控机床几何误差的软件补偿技术 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
论述了在“华中I型”数控系统中开发的数控机床几何误差的软件补偿技术。分析了各轴的误差元通过运动链传播的建摸问题和其对切削刀具在机床工作空间中的姿态误差的影响;建立了机床结构的每个误差元和切削刀具相对工件位置误差相联系的通用数学模型;采用激光干涉仪直接测量的方法来获取误差模型中各个误差元参数,提出了一种测量机床运动部件滚摆角的新方法;测量点的误差参数被存储在计算机内,在测量点之间采用线性插值来获得补偿点的误差参数。数控系统每8ms中断一次,读取与补偿点相关的位移和转动误差参数以及刀具的参数,利用误差模型计算刀具相对工件的误差在各个运动轴上的误差分量,该误差分量被数控系统叠加到各运动轴的指令位移上,使各个运动轴产生附加的运动,从而实现数控机床几何误差的软件补偿。对比试验表明该补偿技术能使数控机床的几何误差减小70%。 相似文献
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数控机床误差补偿技术及应用——几何误差补偿技术 总被引:11,自引:2,他引:11
利用多体系统运动学理论,通过分析低序体阵列、变换矩阵和运动方程,在相邻体之间引入位置误差和位移误差,建立了机床空间定位误差通用计算模型。基于激光测量提出机床的21项几何误差参数辨识模型。在XH715加工中心上,对机床的空间几何误差进行理论计算,并进行补偿前后的对比实验,结果表明机床空间定位误差减小50%以上,同时也表明利用误差补偿技术提高机床加工精度是有效的。 相似文献
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为提高现有数控机床空间误差分析方法的准确度,本文基于阿贝原则对齐次转换矩阵(HTM)几何误差补偿模型进行优化。首先,推导出XYFZ型三轴机床适用的HTM几何误差补偿模型并给出模型正确使用的前提条件;然后,基于阿贝原则分析了三轴机床的空间误差传递机理,指出阿贝误差对机床定位精度的影响,给出理论计算公式并在机床运动轴上进行实验验证;最后,基于阿贝原则和布莱恩原则对现有的HTM几何误差补偿模型进行优化,采用该模型拟合体对角线空间误差,并与实测机床体对角线误差进行对比验证。现有HTM几何补偿模型可将机床空间误差由41.15μm补偿至16.37μm,补偿率为60.22%;优化后的补偿模型可将机床空间误差补偿至5.32μm,补偿率为87.07%,提高了26.85%。实验结果表明,优化后的补偿模型更加合理,进一步改善了空间误差的补偿精度。 相似文献
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数控机床位置误差建模与补偿 总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18
基于空间机构的分析与综合,利用机器人运动学中的齐次变换,提出了数控机床几何误差的一般模型,并针对一台立式加工中心,验证了模型的正确性。所提出的模型和结论,可推广应用于多轴数控机床的误差建模与补偿。 相似文献
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针对大型数控龙门铣床几何误差的问题,建立了大型数控龙门铣床的几何误差模型,分析了大型数控龙门铣床的几何误差源;利用API(T3)激光跟踪仪高精度大尺寸的测量特点及数据处理能力,提出了X、Y、Z轴线位移误差、角位移误差及各轴间垂直度误差的辨识算法,通过激光测量与计算准确地辨识了大型数控龙门铣床的几何误差;建立了大型数控龙门铣床加工空间几何误差数学模型,采用基于对象的事件驱动机制的程序设计语言Visual Basic开发了几何误差补偿软件,实现了几何误差补偿;现场检测了大型数控龙门铣床空行程平面运动轨迹及工件的平面度。研究结果表明,该方法使平面加工精度提高了50.77%,并验证了几何误差模型的正确性及几何误差补偿方法的有效性。 相似文献
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Dr J. C. Liang H. F. Li J. X. Yuan J. Ni 《The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology》1997,13(10):708-712
A comprehensive error compensation system has been developed to correct geometric, thermal, and cutting force-induced errors on a turning centre. The basic approach to error compensation is proposed in this paper. The implementation of error compensation control and of hardware configuration of the system are also presented. A total of 11 geometric and thermal error components and 10 cutting force-induced error components can be compensated for using this system. Performance evaluations have been carried out using actual cutting tests. Experimental results show that the diameter accuracy of the part has been improved more than 5 times and taper accuracy of the part has been improved about 5 times. 相似文献
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J. S. Chen J. Yuan Professor J. Ni 《The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology》1996,12(4):266-275
A modelling strategy for the prediction of both the scalar and the position-dependent thermal error components is presented. Two types of empirical modelling method based on the multiple regression analysis (MRA) and the artificial neural network (ANN) have been proposed for the real-time prediction of thermal errors with multiple temperature measurements. Both approaches have a systematic and computerised algorithm to search automatically for the nonlinear and interaction terms between different temperature variables. The experimental results on a machining centre show that both the MRA and the ANN can accurately predict the time-variant thermal error components under different spindle speeds and temperature fields. The accuracy of a horizontal machining centre can be improved through experiment by a factor of ten and the errors of a cut aluminium workpiece owing to thermal distortion have been reduced from 92.4 µm to 7.2 µm in the lateral direction. The depth difference due to the spindle thermal growth has been reduced from 196 µm to 8 µm. 相似文献
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Shih-Ming Wang Han-Jen Yu Hung-Wei Liao 《The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology》2006,28(5-6):518-526
To enhance the accuracy of CNC machines for the request of modern industry, an effective static/quasi-static error compensation
system composed of an element-free interpolation algorithm based on the Galerkin method for error prediction, a recursive
software compensation procedure, and an NC-code converting software, is developed. Through automatically analyzing the machining
path, the new error prediction method takes into consideration the fact that the machine structure is non-rigid, and can efficiently
determine the position errors of the cutter for compensation without computing a complex error model on-line. The predicted
errors are then compensated based on a recursive compensation algorithm. Finally, a compensated NC program will be automatically
generated by the NC-code converting software for the precision machining process. Because of the advantage of the element-free
theory, the error prediction method can flexibly and irregularly distribute nodal points for accurate error prediction for
a machine with complex error distribution characteristics throughout the workspace. To verify the algorithm and the developed
system, cutting experiments were conducted in this study, and the results have shown the success of the proposed error compensation
system. 相似文献
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建立了螺距误差补偿的数学模型,设计了利用光栅尺进行螺距误差补偿的装置。对补偿前后的螺距误差进行了精度评价,结果表明,经过螺距误差的补偿,数控机床位置误差降低,实现了机床精度的软升级。 相似文献