Structure-sensitive properties during room-temperature wire drawing at various speeds in nickel 200

The effects of drawing speed, cell size and grain size on the yield strength of nickel 200 wires drawn at room temperature up to a true strain of 2.09 have been investigated. The wire drawing speeds in the range from 17 to 140 mm s^–1 do not show any effect on the yield strength, cell size and grain size of drawn wires. However, the cell sizes as well as grain sizes decrease with increase in true wire drawing strain when their values are averaged over all the wire drawing speeds at a given strain. Even though the Hall-Petch equation is valid for all the grain diameters observed in this study, the graph suggests that two distinct linear regimes may be more appropriate to properly describe the strengthening mechanisms during wire drawing. The cell diameter has been correlated with the yield strengths of drawn wires by an inverse relationship.     

Changes in the mechanism of heat transfer in passing from microparticles to nanoparticles

On the basis of experimental data on thermal conduction and sound velocity in composites obtained by sintering detonation nanodiamonds with the crystallite size of 4–5 nm and diamond micropowders with a grain size of about 10 μm at a high pressure (5–7 GPa) and high temperature (1200–1800°C), mechanisms of heat transfer in such structures are suggested. These mechanisms are shown to be different in composites of micro- and nanoparticles. In composites of micrometer particles, the conventional macroscopic mechanism of phonon propagation is active. In composites with a grain size of a few nanometers, the main contribution comes from thermal resistance on grain boundaries.     

SiCp/MoSi2原位反应高温热压复合工艺的研究

运用乙醇湿法混合和氩气保护原位反应高温热压方法制备了不同配比的SiCp/MoSi2复合材料,研究了原位生成的SiC颗粒对MoSi2基体材料显微结构和室温力学性能的影响.结果表明:原位反应高温热压制备SiCp/MoSi2的工艺是可行的,反应生成的适量SiC颗粒细化了基体晶粒,改善了其力学性能;与该工艺下制备的纯MoSi2相比,含40vol%SiCp的SiCp/MoSi2复合材料室温抗弯强度提高了260%,含50vol%SiCp的SiCp/MoSi2复合材料室温断裂韧性提高了50%;该种工艺的强化机制为细晶强化和弥散强化,韧化机制为细晶韧化.     

Microstructure and electrical conductivity of Al-SiCp composites produced by spray forming process

Al- SiC_p composites have been synthesized by spray forming process with variation in particle flow rate, size of reinforcement particles and their volume fraction. The microstructure of composites and their electrical conductivity have been investigated. The results showed a uniform dispersion of large size particulate phase in the matrix of the primary α- phase with its equiaxed grain morphology. However, clustering of small size particles was observed at the grain boundary and grain junctions. The grain size of the composite materials was observed to be lower than that of the base Al- alloy. The composite materials invariably indicated their lower electrical conductivity compared to that of the monolithic Al- alloy. The electrical conductivity of composites decreased with increase in the volume fraction and decrease in size of the reinforcement particles. A high flow rate of particles during spray deposition resulted in a decrease in its conductivity. These results are explained in the light of thermal mismatch between the matrix and the reinforcement phases resulting in generation of high dislocation density. The droplet- particle interaction and resulting microstructure evolution during the spray deposition of the composites are discussed.     

硅青铜线材无模拉拔工艺与组织性能关系

在进料速度0.5mm.s-1、拉拔速度0.67～1.00mm.s-1、加热温度600～800℃的条件下,对QSi3-1硅青铜线材进行了无模拉拔实验,研究了无模拉拔工艺与QSi3-1硅青铜的显微组织和力学性能的关系。结果表明:在拉拔速度和断面收缩率相同的条件下,加热温度越高,无模拉拔成形结束后硅青铜晶粒的平均尺寸越大;当加热温度一定时,拉拔速度越高,硅青铜晶粒就越细小。无模拉拔成形硅青铜的硬度及抗拉强度随着加热温度的升高而逐渐降低,随着拉拔速度的升高而略有上升;在加热温度较低的条件下,抗拉强度下降明显,当加热温度升高到一定程度后,抗拉强度下降缓慢。无模拉拔成形过程中QSi3-1硅青铜的晶粒经历了变形细化及后续高温状态下的晶粒相互吞并长大两个过程。     

Mechanical Properties and Thermal Stability of Oxide Eutectic Composites at High Temperatures

New unidirectionally solidified eutectic composites such as Al₂O₃/YAG and Al₂O₃/GdAlO₃(GAP) have been fabricated by unidirectional solidification. The eutectic composites have a microstructure, in which single crystal Al₂O₃ and single crystal complex oxide compounds (YAG or GdAlO₃) are continuously connected and finely entangled in three-dimensions without grain boundaries. The eutectic composites are thermally stable and have the following properties: (1) The flexural strength at room temperature can be maintained almost up to the melting point, (2) In case of Al₂O₃/YAG composite, the compressive flow stress at 1873 K and a strain rate of 10^-4sec is about 13 times higher than that of sintered composites of the same composition, (3) Al₂O₃/YAG composite shows neither weight gain nor grain growth, even upon heating at 1973 K in an air atmosphere for 1000 hours, and (4) The Al₂O₃/GdAIO₃ eutectic composite shows substantial plastic deformation at 1873 K with a flexural yield stress of about 690 MPa, where the plastic deformation occurred by dislocation motion in each phase. Consequently, these composites can be considered for several useful applications such as new aero gas turbines and power generation systems with non-cooled turbine blades at above 1773 K.     

CYCLIC FATIGUE OF Al2O3 AND Al2O3-Al2TiO5 COMPOSITES IN DIRECT PUSH-PULL

Abstract— A reaction sintering route is developed to produce, "in situ", composites of alumina-aluminium titanate using alumina and titania as starting powders. Aluminium titanate, can be formed by a solid state reaction between Al₂O₃ and TiO₂ at temperatures above the eutectoid temperature of 1280°C. These composites have different grain sizes of alumina matrix and a different quantity and distribution of aluminium titanate according to the heating cycle used.
In the present work direct push-pull tests under cyclic loads have been carried out with both monolithic alumina and alumina-aluminium titanate composites. It has been found that all the samples show a decrease in tensile strength with the number of applied cycles of loading when plotted in graphical form but the slopes of these graphs for both Al₂O₃-Al₂TiO₅ composites are lower than for the alumina specimens. The role of aluminium titanate and the alumina matrix grain size in fatigue crack growth resistance has been studied during push-pull tests, where failure occurs by catastrophic propagation of small surface cracks after a very short regime of subcritical crack growth. These results have been compared with measurements of slow stable fatigue crack growth rates in Al₂O3-Al₂TiO₅ composites carried out elsewhere with pre-notched specimens of the compact tension type. These latter tests provide information about the behaviour of significantly long cracks, i.e. cracks that are several millimetres long.     

Workhardening effects in SiC particle reinforced aluminium alloys

Abstract

Previous research by the current authors has demonstrated that thermomechanical treatments may significantly influence the monotonic properties, especially fracture toughness, of Al-SiC_p materials through modification of grain size. The present paper gives afurther assessment of these effects. A metal matrix composite (MMC) of aluminium alloy 2124 containing 20 wt-% of 3 μm SiC particles was produced via a powder route at Aerospace Metal composites and rolled to 1.8 mm sheet at DERA, Farnborough. Tensile testing showed the finest grained MMC to exhibit the lowest workhardening rate in the naturally aged condition, which is in disagreement with conventional polycrystalline behaviour. Artificial aging and testing in liquid nitrogen were found to increase the workhardening rate of this material. It was argued, therefore, that the low workhardening rate was attributed to grain boundary sliding in the highly stressed particle/matrix interface region.     

微波烧结、真空压力浸渗制备SiCp/Al电子封装材料

选用W10与W63两种SiC粉末,采用高、低温粘结剂配合,模压成型,750℃微波烧结,制备出体积分数为70.28%的SiC预制件,真空压力浸渗6063Al合金熔液,得到SiCp/Al复合材料.结果表明:复合材料XRD图谱中未出现明显的Al4C3界面相和SiO2杂相;致密度高;100℃时的热膨胀系数为7.239×10-6K-1;常温下热导率为160.42/W(m.K)-1;4mm×3mm×30mm规格样品的最大弯曲载荷为282N,弯曲位移为0.29mm左右;综合性能优良,是优异的电子封装材料.     

纳米TiO2和SiO2填充EVA复合材料的结构与性能

采用一步法制备出EVA/纳米T iO2及EVA/纳米S iO2复合材料,研究纳米微粒在EVA基体中的分散性、结构变化及对力学性能、流变性能的影响。结果表明,加入的纳米微粒粒径越小,纳米粉体在基体中的分散就会更加均匀,分散微粒的粒径也会更小;纳米微粒和硅烷偶联剂之间,硅烷偶联剂和EVA之间会形成一定的键合结构。适量的纳米微粒能够改变断裂机理,有效地提高材料的力学性能,降低熔体的表观黏度,从而改善加工流动性。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of SiCp/AZ91 composite deformed through a combination of forging and extrusion process

In this paper, 10 vol.% SiCp/AZ91 magnesium matrix composites were fabricated by stir casting technology. The as-cast ingots were forged at 420 °C with 50% reduction, and then extruded at 370 °C with the ratio of 16 at a constant ram speed of 15 mm/s. The results showed that the grains were refined during forging. A much finer grain size (∼2.7 μm) of composite matrix was obtained by subjecting the as-forged composite to hot extrusion. The fine SiC particulates restricted the dynamic recrystallized grain growth during the hot extrusion processing, resulting in a remarkable grain refinement. The yield stress and ultimate tensile stress were increased in the as-extruded composite, with the reasons of eliminated casting flaws, the uniform particle distribution and grains refinement. The grain refinement and uniform particle distribution caused an obvious increase in work hardening rate in the as-extruded composite during tensile deformation at room temperature.     

激光选区熔化成形原位自生TiB2/Al-Si复合材料的微观组织和力学性能

利用激光选区熔化（SLM）技术制备了原位自生TiB₂纳米陶瓷颗粒增强Al-Si基复合材料,并对成形后的TiB₂/Al-Si复合材料进行不同的热处理。通过XRD物相分析、SEM微观组织观察、电子背散射衍射（EBSD）、EDS元素扫描分析和力学拉伸试验等对TiB₂/Al-Si复合材料的微观组织进行观察和力学性能测试。研究表明,在原位自生TiB₂纳米陶瓷颗粒和SLM快速凝固特性的共同作用下,SLM成形的原位自生TiB₂/Al-Si复合材料具有超细晶结构,平均晶粒尺寸为1.1 μm;TiB₂/Al-Si复合材料的力学性能优异,屈服强度为262 MPa,抗拉强度为435 MPa,延伸率为11.88%。对比经不同热处理的TiB₂/Al-Si复合材料,直接时效处理（150℃/12 h）的TiB₂/Al-Si复合材料性能最优,抗拉强度达到488 MPa,提高了53 MPa,延伸率降低至7.2%。     

共沉淀法制备Al_2O_3-YAG复相陶瓷及其显微结构研究

用共沉淀法制备了Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＹＡＧ复合粉体,ＹＡＧ的结晶温度在１０００℃左右．共沉淀法 制备的Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＹＡＧ复合粉体经１５５０℃热压烧结,获得致密烧结体,ＹＡＧ的加入量对烧结温度 的影响不大． Ａｌ２Ｏ３－５ｖｏｌ％ＹＡＧ复合材料的抗弯强度为６０４ＭＰａ,断裂韧性为５．０ＭＰａｍ１／２; Ａｌ２Ｏ３－２５ｖｏｌ％ＹＡＧ复合材料的抗弯强度为６１１ＭＰａ,断裂韧性为４５ＭＰａｍ１／２．所有这些数据 都高于单相Ａｌ２Ｏ３陶瓷的力学性能,说明ＹＡＧ的加入有利于Ａ１２Ｏ３陶瓷力学性能的提高． 通过显微结构观察发现：大的ＹＡＧ颗粒位于Ａｌ２Ｏ３晶界上,小的ＹＡＧ颗粒位于Ａｌ２Ｏ３晶粒 内．在 Ａｌ２Ｏ３－５ｖｏｌ％ＹＡＧ复合材料中,许多小的白色区域存在于 Ａｌ２Ｏ３晶粒内,这可能和较低 的Ｙ２Ｏ３含量有关．     

Effect of the Presence of SiCp on Dendritic Coherency of Al-Si-Based Alloys During Solidification

In order to explore the effect of the presence of SiC particles on dendritic coherency during solidification of Al-Si based metallic alloys, a factorial fractional two levels experimental design was implemented to allow an identification of the main effects of the particle content, silicon content, grain refinement, and cooling rate on the solid fraction at coherency. This solidification parameter was determined for Al-3wt%Si and Al-7%Si alloys, and Al-3%Si/SiCp and Al-7%Si/SiCp metal matrix composites. The cooling process during solidification was monitored by performing cooling curve measurements at two radial locations within samples poured into cylindrical molds at two cooling rates. The experimental cooling curves were numerically processed by the Fourier thermal analysis method to know the evolution of solid fraction as a function of time. The effect of grain size was included using samples with or without grain size refinement. The grain refinement was obtained by adding predetermined quantities of TiAlB master alloy. It was found that presence of SiC particles affects the coherency point of the metal matrix composites increasing the solid fraction at coherency. However this effect is relatively small when compared to the effect of grain refinement, cooling rate, and Si content on dendritic coherency of experimental probes.     

浸泡腐蚀对泡沫铝-环氧树脂复合材料弯曲性能的影响

制备了两种泡沫铝孔径的泡沫铝-环氧树脂复合材料。将试件分别浸泡于蒸馏水和海水中,得出了其吸湿率与浸泡时间的关系曲线。通过三点弯曲实验研究了浸泡腐蚀对复合材料弯曲强度和弯曲刚度等力学性能的影响。研究结果表明:泡沫铝-环氧树脂复合材料的吸湿率随浸泡时间的延长而逐渐增大,且试件在海水中浸泡的吸湿率大于在蒸馏水中的吸湿率。浸泡腐蚀大幅度地降低了泡沫铝-环氧树脂复合材料的弯曲力学性能。添加偶联剂的试件的弯曲强度和弯曲刚度均比无偶联剂试件的值更大,特别是对于泡沫铝孔径为2mm的复合材料试件,添加偶联剂使得其弯曲强度和弯曲刚度分别提高了51.7%和65.4%。另外,1mm孔径泡沫铝复合材料试件的弯曲强度和弯曲刚度均比2mm孔径泡沫铝复合材料试件的值更大。     

Low temperature enhanced ductility of friction stir processed 5083 aluminum alloy

Commercial 5083 Al rolled plates were subjected to friction stir processing (FSP) with two different processing parameters, having 430 and 850 rpm tool rotational speed with a single traverse feed rate of 90 mm/min. These FSP conditions resulted in two fine grained microstructures of 0·95 μm (430 rpm) and 2·6 μm (850 rpm). Tensile elongations were measured at a relatively low temperature of 250°C at three strain rates, and demonstrated that a decrease in grain size resulted in significantly enhanced ductility and lower forming loads. The occurrence of a relatively high value of strain rate sensitivity, m of 0·45 for a grain size of 0·95 μm, suggests the operation of superplastic deformation under these present experimental conditions.     

Mechanical properties of nanostructured Mg–5 wt%Al–x wt%AlN composite synthesized from Mg chips

In the present investigation, Mg chips are recycled to produce nanostructured Mg–5wt%Al reinforced with 1, 2 and 5 wt% nanosized AlN particulates by mechanical milling (MM). Each batch of composite mixture was milled for different milling durations to produce different degrees of grain refinement. The mechanical properties such as tensile strength, ductility and hardness with respect to the effect of grain refinement, in other words, milling duration were studied. It was found that grain size played an important role in controlling ductility of the composites.     

Effect of Iron Particles Size on the High-Frequency Magnetic Properties of Iron-Borosilicate Soft Magnetic Composites

Iron-borosilicate magnetic composites could be applied as a soft magnetic material in high temperature and high frequency applications. In this research, the magnetic properties of soft magnetic composites with different iron particle sizes made by spark plasma sintering have been investigated. Different magnetic properties such as permeability, loss factor, and quality factor were examined up to frequencies in the order of kilohertz. The microstructural observations indicated the distribution of borosilicate on the iron grain boundaries. The results revealed that the loss factor is smaller for composites with fine particles at high frequencies. In addition, the magnetic impedance for smaller particles was greater. It was also found that the permeability and quality factor of composites with coarse particles are larger than those of fine particles. Indeed, when the particles become coarse, the density of porosities and consequently, the demagnetizing fields decrease which result in the increase of permeability. Furthermore, when the size of particles reduces, the density of grain boundaries enhances which is the main reason of lower loss factor achieved in the composites with fine particles.     

原位Al2O3片晶/Ce-TZP和SrO·6Al2O3棒晶/Ce-TZP复合材料的制备与显微结构

通过在Ce-TZP基体中加入AlOOH及矿化剂TiO₂或反应剂SrCO₃制备了原位Al₂O₃片晶/Ce-TZP复合材料和原位SrO·6Al₂O₃棒晶/Ce-TZP复合材料。在烧结过程中TiO₂促进Al₂O₃晶粒发生显著的各向异性生长原位生成的片晶、Al₂O₃与SrCO₃发生反应,原位生成的高度各向异性的棒晶,它们在基体中分布均匀,具有较大的纵横比。烧结温度对片晶/棒晶的大小和含量有明显影响。通过在基体中原位形成片晶或棒晶,材料的力学性能有明显的改善。     

纳米二氧化硅及载银抗菌剂制备与表征

在不同的醇溶剂环境中,采用水解法制备了粒径大小不同的纳／微米二氧化硅（SiO2）,研究了不同醇溶剂对SiO2粒子大小的影响。实验结果表明,随着醇溶剂分子量的增大,SiO2的粒径逐步增大。通过浸渍吸附和化学还原两步法成功制备了SiO2载银抗菌剂,并优化了制备工艺条件。抑菌实验检测显示,二氧化硅载银（SiO2／Ag）抗菌剂对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌圈大小分别为15．3mm和10．4mm。