LCA转化工艺剖析

剖析了ＬＣＡ流程的转化工艺，建立了数学模型，计算结果表明ＩＣＩ公司报道的工艺参数既保证转化在自热条件下操作，又满足二段炉出口甲烷含量，是优化组合，模拟的结果是可信的，可用于指导工业实践。     

UHDE－AMV工艺一二段转化炉及生产

介绍ＵＨＤＥ－ＡＭＶ工艺烃类蒸汽转化装置的结构特点和技术特性。叙述自投产以来该装置的生产概况。     

一段转化炉改造小结

0　前　言我公司1974年建成投产,原设计年产合成氨6万t,1991年经部分改造后,达到年产8万t的生产能力,一段转化炉一直采用传统的侧烧炉。虽然生产能力有所提高,但是原料气和燃烧气的吨氨消耗较高,使我公司合成氨和尿素成本上扬,在市场中逐渐失去竞争力。许多实力雄厚的企业,侧烧炉已经被淘汰,采用保温效果好、热量分配合理的顶烧炉。因此,我公司也对一段炉进行了彻底改造,以降低天然气消耗,降低成本。1　改造前状况一段转化炉改造前的突出问题是烟道气排烟温度高,吨氨耗天然气较高。1.1　天然气消耗我公司掺烧炼油厂尾气时吨氨耗气量为1170.8…     

布朗型合成氨工艺转化系统的改造

通过对布朗型合成氨装置的消化吸收，对转化系统做了改造，增设了预转化加热炉和预转化炉，改善了一段的操作条件，提高合成氨和尿素的,达到增产节能的目的。     

甲烷转化装置节能改造总结

总结甲烷转化装置节能改造情况,通过改造一段转化炉烧嘴,并增设变压吸附弛放气稳压缓冲罐,提高甲烷转化率,降低系统能耗。     

Z111-6和CN-16-段转化催化剂的混装应用

介绍了一段转化催化剂Z111—6与CN-16混装时的装填方式；论述了催化剂的升温还原过程和运行状况；分析了一段转化管外壁超温和催化剂析碳的原因，实施了改进措施。运行结果表明，转化管壁温平均为850℃，比使用其他型号的催化剂降低了15～20℃。     

Arrangement of primary and secondary reformers for synthesis gas production

In order to produce synthesis gas (syngas), four reforming processes including two stand-alone primary and secondary reformers and two combined configurations are investigated. With changing operating parameters and arrangement of the reformers (i.e. stand-alone, parallel, and series), the syngas may be obtained for different applications such as methanol, Fischer-Tropsch (FT), and ammonia synthesis. After study of several arrangements, the selected cases are simulated. Due to the shift some reforming duty from the primary reformer to the secondary one, the primary size and the total fired duty are reduced. The Non-Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) optimization method is applied for the problem based on the practical point of view. It is shown that the parallel case is preferable in accordance to the high productivity object. For an optimum point, parallel case has 58% of productivity of syngas more than that of series one. However, the series configuration consumes lower fuel (361.1 kmol h⁻¹, in comparison to the parallel case with 437.19) and releases lower amount of CO₂ emission. It is shown that the series arrangement has an average of 13.22% of released CO₂ molar flow less than that of parallel arrangement.     

A coupled technology to produce high-purity normal and isomeric pentane with reforming topped oil

This paper investigates a coupled technology to produce the high-purity normal and isomeric pentane from reforming topped oil. The coupled technology is adsorption after rectification technology, which is better than the traditional one in product purity and energy consumption. The purity of the n-pentane and the iso-pentane obtained from the coupled technology are both higher than 99%, and the quality of pentane foamer obtained from blending the n-pentane with the pentane oil meets the Q/SHZL 0005-1999 standard.     

换热式转化工艺

介绍了国外的KRES、LCA、CAR、TANDEN等换热式转化工艺和国内的换热式转化工艺,以及各种转化工艺的特点和转化炉结构。     

5A分子筛对重整拔头油吸附分离工艺的研究

在固定吸附床(高度1.2 m,D50 mm)上,研究以5A分子筛为吸附剂,采用吸附分离的工艺技术,对重整拔头油进行吸附分离,考察了温度、空速、吸附/脱附循环等因素对吸附分离工艺的影响,优化了吸附分离的工艺条件。吸附分离优化的操作条件为:操作温度220℃,拔头油气态空速为50 h~(-1),进料时间为25min,脱附气体(氮气)空速为50 h~(-1),中间油吹扫4min,脱附时间21 min。脱附油中正构烷烃的质量分数可以达到99%左右。重整拔头油吸余油的辛烷值得到了提高,可以作为良好的汽油调和组分。     

二段炉分布器的故障分析和改进措施

对二段炉分布器的故障进行了分析,并采取了一系列整改措施。对分布器的使用经验进行了总结,以利于减少或避免分布器故障的发生。     

LCA系统模拟

介绍ＩＣＩ公司推出的ＬＣＡ流程的优点，建立了物性数据系统，通过全流程的系统模拟，确定了该工艺的主要技术参数，模拟的结果是合理的．展示了新一代合成氨概念流程的工艺特色。     

Reactor design limitations for the steam reforming of methanol

In this paper the limiting mechanisms in the methanol-steam reformation process are analyzed theoretically and compared experimentally as to determine each contribution and limitation to the overall process. Experimental data from steam reformers are presented and analyzed. Models of each mechanism are provided to quantify theoretical times necessary for each process to occur. While the models in this paper are not precise representations of all steam reforming processes, the models do provide enough evidence to conclude that heat transfer is the dominant limiting mechanism in methanol-steam reformation. Further studies quantifying the experimental effects of heat transfer should be pursued with the ultimate goal of properly sizing steam reformers.     

二段转化炉检修总结

对我国第一套引进大型合成氨装置使用30a的二段转化炉耐火混凝土衬里进行了全面、彻底的检查,根据炉内检查情况,对二段转化炉耐火衬里进行了全面修复,修复后装置运行正常,证明耐火衬里修复取得了成功。     

一段炉炉管爆裂的现象和处理对策

中海石油化学有限公司一期合成氨装置一段炉炉管使用9a后发生爆裂现象,由于处理及时避免了事故扩大.对炉管爆裂时的现象进行阐述,对爆管原因和处理对策进行探讨.     

A life‐cycle assessment (LCA) model for cables based on the fire‐LCA model

A novel life‐cycle assessment (LCA) model has been developed for the investigation of the environmental impact of the choice of material in cable production. In the first application polyolefin based material and PVC material is used. In both cases equivalent fire behaviour is assumed and a fire model is established based on existing fire statistics. This study represents the second full application of the fire‐LCA model. In this paper the new ‘cables fire‐LCA’ model will be presented together with the results of this first application. Aspects such as end‐of‐life scenarios, fire statistics, and fire scenarios and large scale fire performance of cables are discussed together with details of the straw LCA model defined for cables and the results of four different end‐of‐life scenarios. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.