不同的亲水胶体对胡萝卜混汁储藏稳定性的影响

采用3种不同的亲水胶体(分别为瓜尔胶、亚麻籽胶和果胶)添加于胡萝卜混汁中,研究它们对胡萝卜混汁的色泽和混浊稳定性的影响.结果表明,添加0.05g/dL的瓜尔胶或0.05g/dL的亚麻籽胶,可以使胡萝卜混汁在储藏期间保持色泽和混浊稳定性.     

亚麻籽胶在盐水火腿中的应用研究

亚麻籽胶是一种天然高分子亲水胶体,其主要成分是由阿拉伯糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖等构成的多糖与蛋白质形成的共价复合物。由于其突出的乳化特性、保湿性、悬浮稳定性和极强的亲水作用,同时还与多种胶体具有很好的协同作用,与蛋白质络合能力强,与食品中其他成分也有很好的相容性,以及独特的凝胶性质和与淀粉等物质的相互作用使得亚麻籽胶在肉制品生产领域有着理想的保油、保水、改善产品组织结构、防止淀粉回生和提高产品稳定性的作用,从而使亚麻籽胶成为肉制品加工中一种理想的亲水胶体,广泛的用于肉制品加工。本文采用酪蛋白做对比考察亚麻籽胶对西式火腿肠的保水、保油、抑制淀粉回生作用以及对肠体结构、切片性能的影响。采用亚麻籽胶生产高温斩拌型火腿肠不仅可增强产品的保水、保油性,有效的抑制产品返生,改善产品的组织结构和切片性能,同时还可大幅度提高产品的出品率。     

新型天然亲水胶体-亚麻籽胶

亚麻籽胶是一种新型天然亲水胶体,本文对亚麻籽胶的粘度、乳化性等性质以及上述性质与酸度变化、盐的影响、温度改变、加热或冷冻等因素的关系进行了研究。讨论了亚麻籽胶与蛋白质、脂肪、糖类、其他天然亲水胶体的相互作用结果,推荐了亚麻籽胶在一些食品生产中的应用方法。     

亲水胶体对糯玉米汁稳定性影响

为进一步提高糯玉米汁稳定性,比较研究不同亲水胶体(黄原胶、海藻酸钠、瓜尔豆胶和刺槐豆胶)对糯玉米汁体系稳定系数、离心沉淀率、相对黏度和感官的影响,并探讨糯玉米汁体系的静电稳定性。结果表明：黄原胶具有一定的乳化效果,可以在一定程度上缓解糯玉米汁脂肪圈的形成;海藻酸钠、瓜尔豆胶和刺槐豆胶对糯玉米汁的稳定效果较好,并且随着添加量的增加,体系稳定系数和相对黏度逐渐提高;而黄原胶与海藻酸钠、瓜尔豆胶、刺槐豆胶分别以不同质量比复配时,在黄原胶、刺槐豆胶质量比1:4时,糯玉米汁体系稳定性最佳。     

不同酶制剂对银杏浊汁品质的影响

以银杏为原料，通过酶法制备银杏混浊汁，考察不同的淀粉酶和蛋白酶对银杏浊汁品质的影响。结果表明：不同的酶制剂对银杏浊汁的品质有不同的影响，采用组合酶系较使用单一酶制剂效果更好，其中，使用中温α-淀粉酶和Alcalase蛋白酶制备的银杏浊汁悬浮稳定性最好，品质较佳。     

亲水胶体及均质对枣浊汁饮料稳定性的影响

为了提高枣浊汁饮料的稳定性,以浊度保留率、感官评定和Zeta电位为指标,考察多种天然亲水胶体和均质对饮料稳定性的影响.通过加速贮藏试验发现:0.04%(m/V)黄原胶+0.04％(m/V)酸性羧甲基纤维素钠的稳定效果较好.通过测定浊度保留率确定最佳均质工艺条件为50℃均质1次,均质压力为25 MPa.黄原胶和酸性羧甲基纤维素钠组合以及适当的均质可以提高鲜枣浊汁饮料稳定性.     

亚麻籽胶和沙蒿胶对冷冻面团及馒头品质的影响

将亚麻籽胶(FG)和沙蒿胶(ASKG)加入精制小麦粉后制备冷冻面团,并进行冻融循环处理,研究这两种亲水胶体对小麦混合粉粉质特性、糊化特性及冻融循环处理后冷冻面团内水分分布及状态、可冻结水含量(F_W)和面筋蛋白微观结构的影响;再将冷冻面团蒸制成馒头,研究这两种亲水胶体对馒头比容(SP)、气孔结构、质构特性和感官品质的影响。结果表明：与空白对照组相比,亲水胶体可提高面团形成过程中的吸水率和粉质质量指数,降低小麦混合粉弱化度,且添加ASKG后,面团形成过程中的稳定时间有所延长;亲水胶体可提高小麦混合粉糊化体系的峰值黏度、崩解值和回生值,且ASKG的作用效果较FG显著;亲水胶体可提高冷冻面团中的强结合水含量(A₂₁),降低自由水含量(A₂₃),同等添加水平下,FG调控冷冻面团中水分分布的能力要强于ASKG;亲水胶体可降低冷冻面团中的F_W,提高其抗冻性;亲水胶体可增加冷冻面团所蒸制馒头的SP、弹性和回复性,降低其硬度和咀嚼性,即添加亲水胶体可减缓冻融循环处理对面筋蛋白网络结构的破坏,维持其完整性和稳定性,改善...     

槐米浊汁饮料稳定性研究

以槐米为原料制备浊汁饮料,研究了亲水胶体对饮料稳定性及黏度的影响。以黏度、悬浮稳定性及多重光散射仪稳定性指数(turbiscan stability index,TSI)为指标,通过单因素和均匀设计试验,研究增稠剂种类及用量对饮料稳定性的影响,并确定复配亲水胶体的最优添加量。此外,以TSI、黏度及感官评定为指标,将该样品与市售浊汁饮料进行比较分析。结果表明,最优配方为微晶纤维素添加量0. 41%、结冷胶添加量0. 06%、单甘酯添加量0. 09%和蔗糖酯添加量0. 15%(均为质量分数),此时,样品TSI为0. 60,黏度为8. 71 m Pa·s。同时,该样品相较于市售饮料,稳定性表现良好,且黏度适宜,保留了原有的风味。复配亲水胶体有利于提高槐米浊汁饮料的稳定性,使饮料不易发生分层、沉淀等现象,为槐米浊汁饮料的开发与应用提供了参考。     

亲水胶体在稳定香蕉饮料中的应用

通过测定饮料的混浊稳定性,比较几种亲水胶体对香蕉饮料的稳定作用,选择其中几种稳定效果较好的胶进行复配实验,最终确定添加0.1%的胶体组合A∶D∶B=2∶1∶2作为香蕉饮料的稳定剂。     

植物胶的特性及在食品工业中的应用

简要介绍了阿拉伯胶、魔芋胶、黄蓍胶、刺梧酮胶、罗望子胶、卡拉胶、瓜尔豆胶、刺槐豆胶和亚麻籽胶的特性及在食品工业中的应用,并指出亲水植物胶体作为优良的功能性配料和可溶性膳食纤维的良好来源,对其进行研究和应用开发,具有重要的实用价值。     

不同亲水胶体对蓝莓混汁贮存稳定性的影响

在蓝莓混汁中分别添加单一羧甲基纤维素钠(耐酸性CMC)和复配胶(黄原胶与耐酸性CMC)作为稳定剂,研究单一胶和复配胶对蓝莓混汁在贮存过程中的色泽稳定性和混浊稳定性的影响。结果表明,添加0·4g/L黄原胶和0·8g/L耐酸性CMC的复配胶可以使蓝莓混汁保持较好的色泽和混浊稳定性。文中还通过测定蓝莓混汁的动态流变性质和Zeta电位,初步探讨了蓝莓混汁的贮存稳定机理。     

Effect of enzymatic hydrolysis on the yield of cloudy carrot juice and the effects of hydrocolloids on color and cloud stability during ambient storage

The color and cloud stability of cloudy carrot juice were improved by enzymatic hydrolysis and addition of hydrocolloids. Cellulytic and pectolytic enzyme preparations were used to prepare the carrot juice and their optimum dosages were 1.6 g kg^?1 and 0.035 g kg^?1, respectively. Hydrocolloids including guar gum, pectin and flaxseed gum were each added to the carrot juice and assessed for their ability to stabilize the carrot juice. Pectin had no effect on the cloud stability of carrot juice. Guar gum and flaxseed gum stabilized the cloudy carrot juice owing to macromolecular steric repulsion, while flaxseed gum reduced the creaming of cloudy carrot juice owing to its emulsification. The color and β‐carotene content of carrot juice did not change during 6 months of storage. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

均匀设计法优化浑浊型白果饮料中的复配稳定剂

以白果为原料,采用均匀组合设计方法,选定卡拉胶、羧甲基纤维素钠（CMC）、瓜尔胶和刺瑰豆胶为实验因素,以白果饮料的粘度为目标建立数学模型,通过实验结果进行方差分析及对数学模型进行优化得到浑浊型白果饮料的优化条件。实验结果表明,CMC为0.05g/100mL、卡拉胶为0.09g/100mL、瓜尔胶为0.09g/100mL、刺槐豆胶为0.04g/100mL时,粘度值达到最佳值137mPa·s,所得的浑浊白果饮料更加稳定。结果证明均匀设计方法适用于浑浊型白果饮料复配稳定剂的多因素实验设计,而且简便易行。     

Effect of processing treatments and storage conditions on stability of fruit juice based beverages enriched with dietary fibers alone and in mixture with xanthan gum

The present work aims to study the synergistic effect between xanthan gum (X) with a range of hydrocolloids such as barley β-glucan (Bg), guar gum (G), and konjac-mannan (K) on the viscosity of heat-treated fruit juice based beverages. The protective effect of X on the stability of Bg, G, and K in a fruit juice based beverage during processing and storage (0–16 weeks at 4 °C or 20 °C) was also evaluated. The results showed that pasteurization stabilized viscosity and turbidity of beverages enriched in Bg and BgX. However, the viscosity of pasteurized beverages enriched in K and G varied with storage time. In general, addition of X showed a complete protective effect against degradation at 4 °C for K (KX) whereas it provides no protection at all for G (GX). Viscosity and turbidity of beverages prepared with Bg and BgX increased significantly while those with G and K decreased slightly over time. Viscosity and turbidity changes are rapid when beverages are stored at 20 °C. We clearly evidenced that processing and storage treatments along with proper formulation are crucial to ensure technological stability of dietary fibers and X proved to be efficient to stabilize other fibers.     

Evaluation of the time-dependent stability of starch-hydrocolloid binary gels involving NMR relaxation time measurements

A novel, non-destructive method of evaluation of the time-dependent stability of starch gels and binary starch-non-starchy hydrocolloid gels is presented. The low-field NMR technique applied provided the following results. On storage at room temperature, binary potato starch gels with xanthan gum are more stable in time than gels with guar gum and κ-carrageenan. Xanthan and guar gums as well as κ-carrageenan are dispensable as stabilizers of stored potato starch gel and building the cassava gel structure lasted over 96 h. In the binary system with cassava starch, guar gum performed best regardless storage temperature. At room temperature, admixture of hydrocolloids to plain cornstarch gels resulted in remove of water molecules from the gel network. Stabilization of cornstarch gels with hydrocolloids was, practically, dispensable and even non-beneficial regardless storage temperature. None among tested hydrocolloids stabilized the oat starch gel. On cold storage, κ-carrageenan performed best.     

魔芋胶/瓜尔豆胶对猪肉脯品质的影响

本试验研究了魔芋胶与瓜尔豆胶的复配胶体对猪肉脯品质的影响,测定了感官、色差、质构、水分活度、含水量、pH值这六个指标。结果表明:胶体组感官得分均高于空白组,添加0.24%魔芋胶与0.16%瓜尔豆胶的实验组的感官综合得分最高;单独胶体和复配胶的加入均在一定程度上改善了猪肉脯的色泽与质构特性,添加0.24%魔芋胶与0.16%瓜尔豆胶对猪肉脯质构特性的改善最为显著;胶体组猪肉脯水分活度显著降低,含水量显著增大(p0.05),添加0.24%魔芋胶与0.16%瓜尔豆胶的猪肉脯的水分活度最低,仅添加0.4%魔芋胶的猪肉脯的含水量最高;复配胶的可在一定程度上提高猪肉脯的pH值,且随着魔芋胶在复配胶中所占比例的增大,pH值也随之升高。总之,复配胶的加入可改善猪肉脯的感官品质、质构特性及耐贮藏性,添加含0.24%魔芋胶与0.16%瓜尔豆胶的复配胶较利于猪肉脯综合品质的改善。     

浑浊型光皮木瓜果汁的稳定性研究

浑浊型光皮木瓜果汁中由于不溶性固形物含量较高,对产品的稳定性提出了更高要求。以新鲜光皮木瓜为原料,研究了取汁方式、不同稳定剂和杀菌方式对果汁稳定性的影响。结果表明,打浆取汁的不溶性固形物含量为（36.56 ± 1.27）%,显著高于压榨法,更有利于产品香气、营养成分等的保留;黄原胶、瓜尔豆胶、结冷胶最适复配添加量分别为0.02%、0.02%、0.10%时,果汁的加权稳定性最高,其中黏度值为（23.55 ± 0.78）mPa·s,悬浮稳定性为（94.19 ± 0.91）%;果汁经高温短时杀菌（121 ℃/0.1 MPa/30 s）,贮藏期40 d以内果汁菌落总数均低于限值（2 lg CFU/mL）,悬浮稳定性保持至（65.17 ± 0.83）%,显著高于巴氏杀菌,感官品质处于较好的水平（感官评分>8）。该研究为提高果汁在加工与贮藏中的稳定性提供理论依据。     

Effect of clouding agents on the quality of apple juice during storage

Apple pomace, (AP) was subjected to evaluation as potential source of clouding and antiradical agent in cloudy apple juice (CAJ). The evaluation was carried out in comparison with three hydrocolloids, namely sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), xanthan (XA), and pectin (P). The quality parameters of cloudy apple juice such as cloud stability, viscosity, phenolic content, sensory evaluation and antioxidant activity had been studied since these parameters control the consumer acceptance of that product. All the analyses were carried out for fresh and treated juices after storage at 4 and 25 °C for two weeks. The cloud stability of juices added decreased quickly and remained more stable than the untreated treatment. However, the hydrocolloids showed significant (P < 0.05) increase in viscosity, they exhibited deterioration in sensory attributes. The results indicated a good correlation between phenolic degradation and the radical scavenging activities.     

黄原胶和瓜尔豆胶对小麦淀粉冻融稳定性的影响

将小麦淀粉分别与黄原胶和瓜尔豆胶以一定的比例复配,利用析水率实验、DSC方法和SEM微观结构观察等方法,研究亲水胶体黄原胶和瓜尔豆胶在5次冻融循环过程中对小麦淀粉稳定性的影响。研究结果表明:小麦淀粉的析水率随着循环次数的增加而增加,黄原胶和瓜尔豆胶能够明显降低冻融过程中小麦淀粉的析水率,从而抑制小麦淀粉冻融过程中的老化,且随着亲水胶体浓度的增加,对冻融稳定性的改善作用越强;小麦淀粉经过5次冻融循环后,淀粉胶基形成了大量的孔洞,并产生不连续丝状的,类似纤维的结构,且基质较薄,添加亲水胶体后显著改变了小麦淀粉的表观形态,孔洞明显减少,且淀粉基质增厚,形成了类似片状的网络结构。因此,黄原胶和瓜尔豆胶均能在一定程度上改善小麦淀粉的冻融稳定性,且与添加浓度有关。