2型糖尿病肾病血液透析患者心理状况探讨

目的 探讨2型糖尿病肾病血液透析患者的心理状况及相关因素,为患者心理康复提供依据.方法 糖尿病肾病患者30例,以及随机选取非糖尿病肾病患者30例.使用焦虑自评量表和抑郁自评表分别评估患者的情绪状况,并测定患者的营养状况、残余肾功能和透析的充分性等指标.结果 糖尿病肾病血透组患者焦虑和抑郁检出率均高于非糖尿病肾病组(P＜0.05);搪尿病肾病营齐不良患者焦虑和抑郁评分均高于营养良好者(P＜0.01).血清白蛋白、标准化氮出现率相当蛋白,平均每日每公斤体质量的蛋白质摄入量、尿素清除指数和肌酐清除率等指标与糖尿病肾病血透组患者焦虑评分(P＜0.05)及抑郁评分(P＜0.05)呈明显负相关.而平均每日每公斤体质量的热量与焦虑评分、抑郁评分无明显相关性(P＞0.05).结论 糖尿病肾病血透患者焦虑和抑郁症状的检出率较高,可能与营养不良有一定的关系,焦虑、抑郁的发生与性别、应激因素及病程有关.     

山西地区60例2型糖尿病肾病患者血清Adiponectin水平分析

山西地区患者,血清adiponectin水平,糖尿病肾病(DN)组较单纯糖尿病组显著升高;白蛋白尿组血清adiponectin水平较正常对照组、单纯糖尿病组、早期DN组显著升高。Adiponectin水平与尿白蛋白排泄率呈正相关,与腰臀比呈负相关。DN大量白蛋白尿期血清脂联素水平显著升高。     

2型糖尿病患者眼表改变及相关性分析

本文对2型糖尿病患者眼表改变及相关性进行了深入研究.     

高敏C反应蛋白与2型糖尿病微血管病变的相关性

目的 研究高敏C反应蛋白与2型糖尿病微血管病变的相关性.方法 收集2型糖尿病患者61例,分别测定尿微白蛋白、血小板聚集率和高敏C反应蛋白,比较高敏C反应蛋白与尿微白蛋白及血小板聚集率的关系.结果 2型糖尿病微血管病变患者总体高敏C反应蛋白增高,且与病变程度成正相关.结论 高敏C反应蛋白具有很高的灵敏性,可提示慢性炎症与2型糖尿病微血管并发症的联系,以及可提示病变的严重程度,改善微循环及减轻炎症的治疗可能延缓慢性并发症的进展.     

金水宝对2型糖尿病肾病的早期干预

目的观察研究金水宝对早期干预治疗糖尿病肾病的疗效。方法治疗组给予金水宝治疗14例,对照组给予六味地黄丸治疗14例,比较疗效。结果治疗组疗效与对照组相比差异有统计学意义。结论金水宝能有效的早期干预治疗延缓糖尿病得发生发展。     

2型糖尿病脂质代谢与胰岛素抵抗的相关性研究

目的探讨胰岛素抵抗与2型糖尿病患者肌肉组织中脂质异常沉积的相关性。方法随机选取我院门诊无血缘关系的研究对象55例,分为病例组和对照组,检测2组人群各项指标,进行统计学分析。结果病例组在各项指标上和对照组经统计学分析都有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论2型糖尿病患者具有特征性的体脂分布,肌肉组织是发生胰岛素抵抗的主要部位。     

胰岛素样生长因子2 mRNA结合蛋白2基因与2型糖尿病相关性的研究进展

2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)是一种多基因遗传和环境因素共同作用的慢性、非传染性疾病,其主要特征包括胰岛素抵抗和胰岛素分泌不足。胰岛素样生长因子2 mRNA结合蛋白2(insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 2,IGF2BP2/IMP2)作为机体一种重要的胰岛素分泌相关蛋白,其主要在胰腺、脂肪和肠道等组织细胞中表达,IGF2BP2被证实可下调IGF2的表达,与其有关的胰岛β细胞功能破坏是T2DM及血管并发症的重要原因,因此,IGF2BP2基因可作为预测糖尿病风险的重要因子之一。本文就IGF2BP2基因与T2DM之间的相关性作一综述。     

新诊断2型糖尿病患者血清Nesfatin-1水平变化与胰岛素抵抗的相关性研究

目的:探讨新诊断2型糖尿病患者血清Nesfatin-1水平及其与胰岛素抵抗的相关性。方法:随机收集新诊断2型糖尿病患者60例,按照身体质量指数(BMI)分为两组,肥胖T2DM组(BMI≥25kg/m~2)30例和非肥胖T2DM组(BMI25kg/m~2)30例,收集相同时间段的健康体检者30例作为健康对照组。记录受试者的一般资料,测定受试者血中的相关指标,如高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)、空腹血糖(FPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、胆固醇(TC)、空腹胰岛素(FIns)、甘油三酯(TG),计算出胰岛素抵抗指数及胰岛β细胞功能指数。用ELisa法检测血清Nesfatin-1水平。结果:血清Nesfatin-1水平在肥胖T2DM组高于非肥胖T2DM组和健康对照组,且Nesfatin-1水平在非肥胖T2DM组高于健康对照组。Pearson及Spearman相关分析表明,血清Nesfatin-1水平与体重、BMI、WHR、TC、TG、LDL-C、FPG、HbA1c、IR呈正相关,与胰岛β细胞功能指数、HDL-C呈负相关。多元线性逐步回归分析结果:IR及HbA1c是Nesfatin-1的独立影响因素。结论:新诊断2型糖尿病患者血清中Nesfatin-1水平明显升高,血清Nesfatin-1与糖脂代谢及胰岛素抵抗关系密切。     

2型糖尿病合并高血压患者血清wnt5a的相关性研究

目的:观察2型糖尿病合并高血压患者血清wnt5a的相关性研究。方法:选取佳木斯大学附属第一医院内分泌科门诊首次进行2型糖尿病筛查患者,根据有无高血压分为初诊2型糖尿病患者合并高血压40例A组,初诊无高血压患者40例B组,以及同期健康体检者40例C组。收集各组一般资料并测定各组患者空腹血糖(FPG)、糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1c)、空腹胰岛素(Fins)、空腹C肽(F-CP)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)、尿酸(UA)、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、BMI等指标并检测血清wnt5a。结果 (1)三组血清wnt5a水平依次为,T2DM合并高血压组T2DM组健康对照组,各组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);(2)相关性分析表明,血清wnt5a与体重、BMI、FPG、HBA1C、TG、TC、UA、SBP、DBP、Fins、F-CP、HOMA-IR、呈正相关,与HOMA-β呈负相关,分析结果有统计学意义(P0.05)。3.多元线性回归分析:以wnt5a为因变量,体重、BMI、FPG、HBA1C、TG、TC、UA、SBP、DBP、Fins、F-CP、HOMA-IR、HOMA-β等为自变量,进行多元逐步回归分析,得出Wnt5a的独立影响因素是TG、BMI。结论:血清wnt5a在T2DM合并高血压中发挥着重要作用;可作为T2DM合并高血压的预测指标,为T2DM合并高血压的早期诊断及临床治疗提供新的途径。     

2型糖尿病与原发性开角型青光眼

目的探讨2型糖尿病与原发性开角型青光眼的关系。方法对182例原发性开角型青光眼作回顾性分析,根据是否合并糖尿病将其分为非糖尿病组和糖尿病组,进行对照研究。所有患者均检查Glodmann压平眼压、Octopus视野、眼底、视力、血糖、血压等。结果原发性开角型青光眼中2型糖尿病发生率10.4%,其发生率随患者年龄增长而增高,但与患者性别无关。结论2型糖尿病与开角型青光眼之间是密切相关的。     

长春新碱治疗糖尿病肾病大鼠的实验研究

目的验证长春新碱对糖尿病肾病大鼠的治疗作用。方法用链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导大鼠糖尿病模型。将模型大鼠分为治疗组与非治疗组,治疗组给予长春新碱(VCR)0.2 mg/kg,尾静脉注射,每周2次,观察给药后大鼠血糖、尿蛋白、肾功能、肾重,体重等值的改变以及肾脏病理的改善情况。结果 治疗组大鼠尿蛋白明显减少,肾重/体重低于非治疗组。光镜下观察治疗组肾脏病理学变化情况有明显改善。结论长春新碱可降低糖尿病肾病大鼠的尿蛋白并改善糖尿病肾病早期病理损害。     

前列地尔与胰激肽原酶联合治疗糖尿病肾病的疗效

目的观察前列地尔与胰激肽原酶联合治疗糖尿病肾病(DN)的疗效。方法将81名DN患者随机分为联合用药组(前列地尔+胰激肽原酶)和对照组(胰激肽原酶)。比较两组治疗前、后尿微量白蛋白(MAU)、24h尿蛋白定量(24-UP)、血尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(Scr)、肌酐清除率(Ccr)、全血黏度、血浆黏度及纤维蛋白原含量的变化。结果两组治疗2个月后,MAU、24-UP、BUN、Scr、全血黏度、血浆黏度及纤维蛋白原含量均下降,Ccr均升高,联合用药组治疗后差异更为显著。结论前列地尔与胰激肽原酶联合治疗DN较单独口服胰激肽原酶疗效更理想。     

贝那普利治疗糖尿病肾病伴高血压的疗效观察

目的观察盐酸贝那普利对糖尿病肾病伴高血压患者的治疗的疗效观察。方法 38例患者分为治疗组和对照组治疗组给予盐酸贝那普利,对照组服用钙离子拮抗剂,观察患者血压、尿蛋白定量,观察期3个月。结果 2组治疗后血压均有下降,治疗组尿蛋白定量较对照组下降。结论盐酸贝那普利对糖尿病肾病伴高血压患者能显著降低蛋白尿排泄。     

早期糖尿病肾病转化生长因子-β_1与尿白蛋白的相关性

目的探讨早期糖尿病肾病(DN)转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)与尿白蛋白的相关性。方法RT-PCR方法测定高糖刺激的系膜细胞内及2型糖尿病小鼠肾小球内TGF-β1mRNA的转录水平;ELISA方法检测DN患者尿TGF-β1和尿白蛋白排泄率(UAER)的变化。结果高糖刺激的系膜细胞内与肥胖db/db小鼠肾小球内TGF-β1mRNA转录水平与对照组比较均明显增高。糖尿病各组患者尿TGF-β1含量均显著高于正常对照组,且UAER增加呈递增趋势,两者呈正相关。结论TGF-β1与早期DN的发生与发展密切相关,是反映早期糖尿病肾损害的重要因子。     

缬沙坦治疗早期糖尿病肾病的临床观察

目的观察缬沙坦治疗早期糖尿病肾病的临床疗效。方法选取60例早期糖尿病肾病患者,随机分为2组。对照组30例,单纯给予糖尿病综合治疗;治疗组30例,在对照组基础上加用缬沙坦80mg/d治疗。疗程为8周。观察其治疗前后尿白蛋白排泄率和肾功能变化,记录不良反应。结果治疗后2组UAER经统计学比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后2组BUN、Scr未增高,经统计学比较,无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论缬沙坦能有效降低尿蛋白,保护肾功能,临床应用安全。     

Role of Dendritic Cell in Diabetic Nephropathy

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most significant microvascular complications in diabetic patients. DN is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease, accounting for approximately 50% of incident cases. The current treatment options, such as optimal control of hyperglycemia and elevated blood pressure, are insufficient to prevent its progression. DN has been considered as a nonimmune, metabolic, or hemodynamic glomerular disease initiated by hyperglycemia. However, recent studies suggest that DN is an inflammatory disease, and immune cells related with innate and adaptive immunity, such as macrophage and T cells, might be involved in its development and progression. Although it has been revealed that kidney dendritic cells (DCs) accumulation in the renal tissue of human and animal models of DN require activated T cells in the kidney disease, little is known about the function of DCs in DN. In this review, we describe kidney DCs and their subsets, and the role in the pathogenesis of DN. We also suggest how to improve the kidney outcomes by modulating kidney DCs optimally in the patients with DN.     

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Is not Related to the Incidence of Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetes

To analyze the association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the incidence of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes, the incidence of diabetic nephropathy was assessed in 413 type 2 diabetic patients, by testing the 24 h urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER). The NAFLD was diagnosed based on patient’s medical history and liver ultrasound. The difference in diabetic nephropathy incidence between patients with and without NAFLD was tested by χ². Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess the factors associated with diabetic nephropathy among type 2 diabetic patients. Total 363 out of 413 type 2 diabetic patients were enrolled in this study. The incidences of NAFLD and diabetic nephropathy in participants were approximately 56% (202/363) and 38% (137/363) respectively, and there was no significant difference in the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy between patients with and without NAFLD (37.1% vs. 38.5%, p = 0.787). The duration of diabetes (odds ratio [OR] 1.065, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.014–1.120, p = 0.012), waist circumference (OR 1.077, 95% CI 1.040–1.116, p = 0.000), and fasting blood glucose (FBG; OR 1.136, 95% CI 1.023–1.1262, p = 0.017) were significantly associated with diabetic nephropathy, whereas sex, high blood pressure, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and ankle brachial pressure index (ABI) were not significantly associated with the disorder. The present results suggest that NAFLD is not related to the incidence of diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes, but the duration of diabetes, waist circumference, and FBG are important factors for diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes.     

The Role of Connexin 43 in Renal Disease: Insights from In Vivo Models of Experimental Nephropathy

Renal disease is a major public health challenge since its prevalence has continuously increased over the last decades. At the end stage, extrarenal replacement therapy and transplantation remain the only treatments currently available. To understand how the disease progresses, further knowledge of its pathophysiology is needed. For this purpose, experimental models, using mainly rodents, have been developed to unravel the mechanisms involved in the initiation and progression of renal disease, as well as to identify potential targets for therapy. The gap junction protein connexin 43 has recently been identified as a novel player in the development of kidney disease. Its expression has been found to be altered in many types of human renal pathologies, as well as in different animal models, contributing to the activation of inflammatory and fibrotic processes that lead to renal damage. Furthermore, Cx43 genetic, pharmacogenetic, or pharmacological inhibition preserved renal function and structure. This review summarizes the existing advances on the role of this protein in renal diseases, based mainly on different in vivo animal models of acute and chronic renal diseases.     

The Role of Vitamin D in Diabetic Nephropathy: A Translational Approach

According to several animal and human studies, vitamin D appears to play a significant role in the development of diabetic nephropathy. However, the possible renoprotective effect of vitamin D and its influence on the reversal of already existing renal damage remains doubtful. At this moment, there are a few hypotheses concerning the underlying molecular and genetic mechanisms including the link between vitamin D and inflammation, oxidative stress, and extracellular matrix accumulation. The present review aims to investigate the potential role of vitamin D in the development of diabetic kidney disease from a translational approach.     

ARB与ACEI联合治疗糖尿病肾病的临床观察

目的观察ARB与ACEI联合应用和单用ACEI或ARB治疗糖尿病肾病患者的疗效比较。方法105例临床确诊的2-DM肾病患者随机分成3组,观察3个月后血压,血BUN、Cr、24h尿蛋白定量、电解质的变化。结果3组的血压及24h尿蛋白均明显下降,尤其是3组,以上作用更为显著。结论对糖尿病肾病患者而言,联合应用ACEI和ARB可以延缓糖尿病肾病的发展,具有更好的肾脏保护作用。