板翅式换热器两相流分配器

两相流体分配不均匀是造成低温换热器传热性能急剧下降的主要原因。在板翅式换热器两相流入口设置分配器是一种广为采用的改善分配特性的工程方法。本文以空气-水实验模拟系统研究了一种两相流分配器的分配特性。研究表明：所研究的气液分配器能够提高气液在板翅式换热器层间翅片通道分配的均匀性。     

板翅式换热器物流分配特性的研究进展(一)

板翅式换热器的物流分配特性是影响换热器整体效能的主要因素,本文详细论述了造成物流分配不均的各种影响因素和在此研究基础上学者们所提出的多种改进措施,主要集中在封头、导流片和针对两相流体分配的气液分配器三个方面。     

板翅式换热器物流分配特性的研究进展(二)

板翅式换热器的物流分配特性是影响换热器整体效能的主要因素,本文详细论述了造成物流分配不均的各种影响因素和在此研究基础上学者们所提出的多种改进措施,主要集中在封头、导流片和针对两相流体分配的气液分配器三个方面。     

板翅式换热器的两相流混合性能模拟分析

针对板翅式换热器的气液两相流换热问题,利用工艺模拟软件Aspen Hysys,建立了5种不同冷流组分的板翅式换热器模型。通过比较分析,得出了不同冷流组分气液混合性能对板翅式换热器的换热面积、对数温差和最小温差的影响,为板翅式换热器优化设计提供了新的依据。     

并联管路气液两相流量均布特性数值模拟研究

为了确保大型液化天然气(LNG)板翅式换热器冷箱并联管路流量均布性,基于计算流体力学(CFD)方法,根据实际板翅式换热器冷箱并联管路的形式,简化并建立了并联管路物理模型,模拟研究了气液两相流的流量均布特性。研究结果表明:当气液两相流速固定时,增加两相的体积含气率会先降低后提高流量分配的均匀性;当两相的体积含气率固定时,流量分配均匀性随流速的增加而变好。不同管路布置方式对并联管路流量分配影响不同。为提高并联管路流量的均布性,当管道水平布置时,优先考虑水平上进下出式;当管道垂直布置时,优先考虑垂直向下流入式。上述研究成果将为大型LNG板翅式换热器冷箱并联管路运行参数和布置方法的设计提供重要的理论依据。     

板翅式换热器封头对其流体分配及换热的影响

实验研究了板翅式换热器封头结构对其内部流体分配及换热特性的影响,实验结果表明,目前工业应用的板翅式换热器内部存在流体分配极为不均匀的严重问题,造成了其换热效能的严重下降。研制了各种新型孔板封头结构,并且实验研究了新型封头的各种参数,如孔板长度、开孔的分布规律和小孔直径对板翅式换热器流体分配及换热的影响。研究结果表明,孔板封头从根本上改善了换热器内部流体的分配问题,流体不均匀度从0.208减小到0.035,最大与最小流速比由改进前的2—3倍降低到1.1—1.2倍,温度分布不均匀度从0.826减小到0.601。孔板型封头结构增加了换热器的流动阻力,错排孔板型封头在改善换热器流体分配的同时,也较好地抑制了阻力损失的增加,得到了不同封头结构的流动阻力与雷诺数之间的关系。     

错排孔板封头对板翅式换热器流动与换热的影响

在对板翅式换热器内部物流分配研究的基础上,研究了错排孔板型结构封头对板翅式换热器出口流动与换热的影响。通过实验与工业用基本型封头对比,结果表明错排孔板型封头能够明显地改善换热器出口截面流量和温度分布的不均匀性。在Re=2 000时换热器的出口流量分布不均匀度大幅度地下降;而在Re数较大情况下,能更加显著地改善温度分布的不均匀性。     

强化板翅式换热器传热的有效途径

通过对大型空分设备中关键热交换设备之一——主换热器一系列数据对比,从设计角度探讨了如何通过优化设计提高板翅式换热器换热效率,尽可能解决空分设备大型化所面临的因换热效率不高而只能靠增加传热面积所带来的换热单元个数增多、管道布置复杂及气流分配不均匀等新问题,为实现空分设备大型化奠定基础。     

封头结构对板翅式换热器温度分布特性的影响

在对板翅式换热器内部物流分配不均匀性研究的基础上,研究了各种封头结构对换热器换热性能的影响以及由于换热器内部物流分配不均匀引起换热器效能下降的问题.实验结果表明：不同封头结构对换热器流量分配和温度分布影响很大,改进型的封头结构不仅缩短了换热器从开启到稳定工况的时间,而且使得板束内部截面物流分配和温度分布更加均匀,并且通过实验研究得出了物流分配不均匀度与换热器整体效能变化的关系曲线和关系式.     

入口流速对间断微通道内流型演变及流量分配特性影响

微通道内气液两相流动规律是影响微通道换热器换热系数和流场温度均匀性的主要因素。以N2和H2O为工质，对间断、并联矩形微通道换热器内气液两相流型的起始、发展、稳定过程的演化以及并联通道内流量分配不均匀特性进行了数值模拟研究。结果表明，不同的进口Re对微通道内流型的演变过程和流动周期有重要影响，当进口Re为450时，气相工质在均流腔内以离散的散团状形态脉动扩散至微通道中，并联通道内气相工质从弹状流型态逐渐转变为泡状流型态；当进口Re增至为1600时，气相工质在均流腔内以较连续的椭圆状型态扩散至微通道中，并联通道内气相工质从环状流型态逐渐转变为泡状流型态。通道结构还将影响并联通道间的流量分配的均匀性，间断微腔的存在使微通道内工质质量流量分布均匀性提升38.7%，通过研究通道内压力分布规律，发现通道内静压的分布不均匀是导致两相工质从均流腔进入微通道时发生不均匀分配的重要原因。     

Distribution performance of gas-liquid mixture in the shell side of spiral-wound heat exchangers

The non-uniformity of gas-liquid mixture is a critical issue which leads to the heat transfer deterioration of spiralwound heat exchangers (SWHEs). Two-phase mass flow rate and the content of gas are important parameters as well as structural parameters which have prominent influences on flow distribution uniformity of SWHE shell side. In order to investigate the influences of these parameters, an experimental test system was built using water and air as mediums and a novel distributor named "tubes distributor" was designed. The effects of mass flow rate and the content of gas on two-phase distribution performance were analyzed, where the mass flow rate ranged from 28.4 to 171.9 kg·h^-1 and the content of gas changed from 0.2 to 0.8, respectively. The results showed that the mixture mass flow rate considerably influenced the liquid distribution than that of gas phase and the larger mass flow rate exhibited the better distribution uniformity of two-phase flow. It was also found that the tubes distributor had the better two-phase uniformity when the content of gas was around 0.4. Tube diameter played an important role in the distribution of gas phase and slit width was more significant for the uniformity of liquid phase.     

CFD and experimental investigation of the gas–liquid flow in the distributor of a compact heat exchanger

High performance of compact heat exchangers is conditioned by correct fluid distribution. This is especially true for gas–liquid heat exchangers where a uniform distribution is particularly delicate to obtain and where maldistribution entails significant performance deterioration. Several phenomena can lead to phase distribution problems: the fins may be subject to manufacturing defects or fouling, leading to shortcuts or dead zones. But the first source of maldistribution may be a poor distribution at the outlet of the entrance distributor. This distributor aims at mixing the phases and distributing them across the channels.     

文丘里型气液分布器的实验与数值研究

以一种文丘里型气液分布器为对象,在直径为28 cm的冷模装置中考察了其流体力学性能。气、液流量分别在5~25 m³·h^-1、0.2~0.6 m³·h^-1范围内,使用激光粒度仪测量了液滴Sauter平均粒径（D₃₂）,并测定了其分布均匀性和抗塔板倾斜性能。结果表明：文丘里结构加强了气液混合,与泡罩型分布器相比,此分布器具有更好的液滴破碎性能;气速增大会使出口液体从伞状流变为喷射流,但仍能在直径约为出口直径10倍的区域内均匀分布;在气、液相负荷分别为10~20 m³·h^-1、0.4~0.6 m³·h^-1时,液位在进液口和进气口之间,此时分布器具有优异的抗塔板倾斜性能。采用计算流体力学软件模拟了分布器内部气液流动过程,得到了相含率和速度矢量图,所得结果有利于分布器的分析与改进。     

Experimental investigation of gas-liquid distribution in monolith reactors

The present work investigates the influence of gas and liquid flow rates on inlet liquid distribution across monoliths operating in gas-liquid cocurrent downflow mode. Gas and liquid superficial velocities range from 0 to 68 and 1.4 to 8.5 cm/s, respectively. Gas-liquid distribution was studied using a packed bed liquid distributor and a pipe distributor for the aforementioned range of operating conditions. To determine the liquid distribution over the monolith, gravimetric, time-averaged liquid collection method was applied using a customized collector apparatus. Quantification of the distribution is reported using a suitably defined maldistribution factor. For each liquid velocity, gas velocities are varied and corresponding maldistribution factors are calculated. The results are reported in view of the varying operating conditions.     

固定床反应器中气液分配器的流体力学性能

设计了一种底部带有碎流板的新型管式气液分配器。以水和空气代替工业上的原油和氢气进行冷模实验。实验过程为:水由水箱经水泵抽出,经液体流量计计量后进入实验塔上部的气液扩散器,气液两相流经急冷箱冷却后同时向下通过分配器。进入到接液装置的液体通过橡胶管导入到放置在地面上的17个标有编号的量筒中,未进入接液装置的液体流入水箱,气体则排放到大气中。最后用U形管差压计测量分配器的压力降。实验研究了该分配器的分配性能、压力降损失、气液相操作弹性和分布不均度,优化并确定该分配器的结构形式和结构参数。结果表明,该分配器的最佳工作条件为:液相量为0.3m³/h左右,气相量为20~30m³/h。     

CFD在自吸反应器气液流动和传质特性研究中的应用

针对配置气体分布器的六叶轮自吸反应器建立了欧拉气液两相流三维瞬态模型,耦合Higbie气液传质模型,采用CFX软件对其气液混合过程的流场、气含率、吸气速率及溶氧传递过程进行数值模拟,获得了反应器的流动特性、气液分散性能、吸气特性及气液传质特性.分析了反应器内水平及竖直位置上的流型特征及溶氧传递性能,结合实验数据及经验关联式对比分析了对气含率及吸气速率的预测作用.结果表明,六叶轮转子及其配置的气体分布器可以获得较均匀的气液混合,气含率及吸气速率的预测与实验值偏差分别为5.2% 和17.6%,模拟发现在反应器底部近壁处溶氧及混合效果不佳.     

大型塔进料分布器二相流场数值分析

以大型塔器常用的双切向环流进料分布器为例,通过数值分析研究了气液二相流体在分布器中的分布规律。选用k-ε湍流模型和Lagrange二相流模型,模拟计算气液二相混合进料时,通过改变液气质量流量比,研究气液二相流动规律、分布器的压降及雾沫夹带,同时与只模拟气相流场的结果进行比较。结果显示,气液混合进料比气相进料时的气体分布不均匀度小,压降和平均湍动能则偏大,气液二相流场的计算更接近实际工况,这为大型塔分布器的设计及确定适宜操作条件提供了理论指导。     

基于临界分流理论的气液两相流均匀分配器

提出了一种新型气液两相流分配器,主要由旋流叶片、整流器、分流喷嘴以及分配腔室组成。通过采用“流型调整”与“临界分流”控制相分离。为研究不同分流比下的分配特征,设计了2喷嘴和4喷嘴两种分配结构。建立了气液两相流数值模型,模拟了气液两相流在分配器内流动特性。在气液两相流实验环道上进行了测试,气相折算速度范围为5.0～25.0 m·s^-1,液相折算速度范围为0.012～0.14 m·s^-1,实验中出现的流型包括波浪流、段塞流以及环状流。结果表明,在临界分流条件下,气液相分流系数主要取决于与侧支管相连通的分流喷嘴数目与总喷嘴数目的比值,不受流型、气液流速等参数波动的影响。对于2喷嘴分配器分流系数接近理论值0.5,对于4喷嘴气液分流系数约为0.25。     

Correlation between hysteresis of gas-liquid mass transfer and liquid distribution in a trickle bed

The hysteresis of gas-liquid mass transfer rate and the corresponding radial liquiddistribution in a trickle bed reactor are measured to provide evidence for the correlation between thesetwo behaviors.Experimental results indicate that the hysteresis of gas-liquid mass transfer originatesfrom the nonuniformity of the hydrodynamic state of gas-liquid flow and the radial maldistributionof local k_(gia) corresponds very well to the radial maldistribution of liquid flow in the bed.The localliquid flow rate is also found to be nonuniform in the azimuthal direction.In view of maldistributedliquid flow even in the pulsing flow regime,the conventional plug flow model seems oversimplifiedfor describing the behavior of a trickle bed.     

Experimental investigation of maldistribution in vertical plate falling film tower

Falling film towers are popular in process industries due to moderate air side pressure drop, less energy ingesting liquid distribution and easy cleanup features. Two major limitations of falling film towers are the uneven distribution of liquid across solid surfaces (maldistribution) and contraction of falling liquid film on the solid surface (poor wetting). Maldistribution of liquid is primarily dependent on the type of liquid distributor and scope of liquid flow (slit opening) across solid surfaces. In the current communication; the influence of liquid distributor on maldistribution problem for vertical plate falling film tower has been experimentally investigated. Four types of liquid distributors: plain tube, spray nozzle, perforated plate, and branch tube distributor have been tested. Effect of parameters: slit opening, liquid flow rate, and the number of plates on maldistribution are also explored. It is found that branch tube distributor is best suited for vertical plate falling film tower application.