驱油剂石油羧酸盐／大庆原油体系的界面张力研究

本文研究了石油羧酸盐/大庆原油间的界面张力(IFT).探讨了碱浓度、盐浓度、大庆地层水矿化度及HPAM含量对体系IFT的影响.结果表明:碱浓度存在一啊佳值,盐浓度、HPAM含量变化不影响体系的IFT,而体系的IFT值随矿化度含量增加而升高.     

二元复合驱表面活性剂界面张力研究

研究了二元驱用植物改性羧酸盐表面活性剂SNHD与原油间的动态界面张力,并探讨了聚合物、矿化度、pH值以及时间对界面张力的影响。结果表明SNHD与原油的界面张力能达到超低值;聚合物对界面张力影响不大;矿化度对低活性剂浓度体系界面张力的影响较大,随矿化度增加,界面张力减小;体系的最佳pH值约为7。     

大庆原油与复合驱油体系间界面张力研究

大庆原油与ASP三元体系间的界面张力有着多种影响因素,利用Tx500c型界面张力仪等研究界面张力随碱浓度、表面活性剂浓度、聚合物浓度、温度及碱类型的变化,结果表明除个别由于矿化度等问题影响出现的跳点外,界面张力随表面活性剂和碱浓度的增大而减小;随聚合物浓度的增加先增大再减小又增大;随温度的升高而降低;弱碱降低界面张力的效果好于强碱。     

混合羧酸盐复合驱油体系的研究(Ⅱ)--针对中原极复杂油田

针对中原油田的实际情况,通过动态界面张力、正交试验设计,研究了天然羧酸盐／复碱／DSB(十二烷基羟丙基磺化甜菜碱)驱油体系的性能,得到ASP复合驱油体系配方(w／％)：0．4SDC-M(天然羧酸盐-M)／0．08DSB(十二烷基羟丙基磺化甜菜碱)／0．5复碱(m(Na2CO3)：m(NaHCO3)=1：1)。研究结果表明,所提出的复合驱油体系与中原原油的界面张力能达到10^-3mN／m,是一种优良的驱油体系。     

高温、高盐油藏低界面张力驱油体系性能评价

基于中原油田地质条件和流体特性对改性石油磺酸盐与原油形成低界面张力的条件 ,进行了试验研究 ,单一改性石油磺酸盐不能形成超低界面张力 ,但与其它类型表面活性剂及醇类能产生协同效应。添加少量两性离子表面活性剂配制的改性石油磺酸盐复配体系 ,在高温、高盐油藏条件下的界面张力可以达1 0 - 3m N/m以下     

10^#白油制备驱油剂石油羧酸盐的研究

针对用大庆原油馏分油制备驱油剂石油羧酸盐时,反应器易结焦的问题采用１０＾＃白油为原料制备驱油剂在氧化反应时不结焦,经汽相氧化皂化和盐度调节,可制备出和大应原油产生超低界面张力的表面活性剂,其中最低值可达１０＾－３数量级。     

低界面张力驱油剂HW-2的制备及性能评价

通过阴离子/非离子/两性表面活性剂复配,制备了低界面张力驱油用HW-2表活剂体系。对HW-2表活剂体系的界面张力、岩心吸附、油水乳化等性能进行了分析;采用饱和油的储层岩石进行驱替实验。结果表明,HW-2具有优良的耐盐、耐温性能。矿化度为80 000 mg/L的盐水条件下,原油和航空煤油质量比为6∶4时,配制HW-2浓度1.0 g/L,测得油水界面张力为1.732×10~(-3)mN/m;配制HW-2浓度3.0 g/L,测得油水界面张力为4.7×10~(-4)mN/m。通过驱油实验数据分析可知,HW-2能有效提高驱油效率11.5%,在油田开发中具有重要的使用价值。     

低界面张力驱油剂HW-2的制备及性能评价

通过阴离子/非离子/两性表面活性剂复配,制备了低界面张力驱油用HW-2表活剂体系。对HW-2表活剂体系的界面张力、岩心吸附、油水乳化等性能进行了分析;采用饱和油的储层岩石进行驱替实验。结果表明,HW-2具有优良的耐盐、耐温性能。矿化度为80 000 mg/L的盐水条件下,原油和航空煤油质量比为6∶4时,配制HW-2浓度1.0 g/L,测得油水界面张力为1.732×10^(-3)mN/m;配制HW-2浓度3.0 g/L,测得油水界面张力为4.7×10(-3)mN/m;配制HW-2浓度3.0 g/L,测得油水界面张力为4.7×10^(-4)mN/m。通过驱油实验数据分析可知,HW-2能有效提高驱油效率11.5%,在油田开发中具有重要的使用价值。     

表面活性剂同系物体系对原油界面张力的影响

分别从表面活性剂的亲油性和亲水性的二种性能 ,研究了复配型表面活性剂的性能及规律。在表面活性剂同系物复配的研究中 ,得出相对分子质量分布窄的表面活性剂不能与原油形成低的界面张力 ,但两种以上相对分子质量分布窄的表面活性剂按一定比例混合后 ,则可以与大庆原油形成超低界面张力。形成超低界面张力的表面活性剂平均当量范围为 410～ 430 ,相对分子质量、碱浓度和界面张力三者之间有一定规律 ,即表面活性剂平均相对分子质量增加 ,界面张力曲线向低浓度碱方向移动 ;平均相对分子质量降低 ,界面张力曲线向高浓度碱方向移动。相对分子质量分布是影响界面张力的又一因素 ,表面活性剂相对分子质量分布、原油中的碳数分布和界面张力可能存在某种特定联系。支链对降低界面张力方面比直链有更好的效果 ,表面活性剂相对分子质量越高 ,则油砂对其吸附量越大     

无碱二元复合体系界面张力影响因素研究

探讨了了表面活性剂浓度、聚合物浓度、温度、二价离子、矿化度等因素对表面活性剂体系界面特性的影响。评价该新型无碱二元复合体系界面张力能够达到10-3数量级的油藏应用条件。研究结果表明:二元复合体系在很低的活性剂浓度(0.005%)与原油间的界面张力达到超低;聚合物浓度对二元体系与原油间的界面张力影响较大;配制二元体系用水中矿化度、二价离子对复合体系界面张力影响不大,该活性剂能够适合于较高矿化度或者二价离子浓度含量较高的油层;温度对二元复合体系的界面张力基本无影响,在45~80℃范围区间内均可以达到超低。     

暂时性彩色染发液的研制

暂时性彩色染发液是利用高分子成膜物质的物理粘附作用,将彩色珠光颜料有效地附着于头发表面而作为临时性装饰。选择粘附力强且柔软的聚乙烯醇吡咯烷酮为基料,加入２５％的颜填料和适量的助剂,合成一种新型暂时性染发剂,并介绍了其制备工艺。该染发液具有色彩鲜艳、易洗且使用方便等特点     

焊接热循环对瓷釉涂层管道瓷层/金属界面的影响

采用焊接热模拟、电子探针、金相显微镜、X射线衍射等方法研究了热循环对瓷釉涂层管道瓷层/金属密着性的影响.结果表明:焊接热循环改变了瓷层的相结构,峰值温度低于1200℃的试样,瓷层相结构主要为玻璃态,有少量晶相析出,峰温为1350℃的试样,瓷层冷却后全部转变为玻璃态;焊接热循环对瓷层与金属界面产生了显著的影响,不同温度区间发生了不同的变化,950℃时瓷层与基体之间元素过渡平缓,密着最好,而1350℃时由于过渡层的烧损,使瓷层与基体金属之间的连接变得异常脆弱,从而出现了热影响区由高温区到低温区密着性能由差到好,再到一般的变化趋势.瓷层/金属界面过渡层的存在至关重要,各元素在界面处的平缓过渡有利于提高瓷层与金属基体结合性能,界面层的消失,会使其密着性能恶化.     

Chemistry of the Interface Between Aluminum and Polyester Films

It has been observed that the adhesion between vacuum-evaporated aluminum and poly(ethylene isophthalate-co-ethylene sodium sulfoisophthalate) copolymer is approximately five times greater than the adhesion between vacuum-evaporated aluminum and biaxially-oriented poly(ethylene terephthalate) film. To describe the interface between the aluminum and these polymeric substrates, thermoanalytical, spectroscopic and microscopic techniques have been applied. Definite changes in surface elemental composition and chemical functionality occur upon metallization of the polymer films. Aluminized samples contained two new oxygen functionalities; one due to the aluminum oxide and the other due to an organoaluminum species. Thermal degradation, as may occur during vacuum evaporation, would be expected to yield a carboxylic acid endgroup and a vinyl endgroup for each chain scission reaction that occurred. Reaction of aluminum with these carboxylic acid endgroups is thought to be responsible for the organoaluminum oxygen peak that was observed. Based on the XPS data, however, the level of this new functionality was comparable for both types of polyester film. Thus, this new functionality may be involved in promoting aluminum/polyester adhesion, but by itself cannot explain the differences in the level of adhesion that are attained. It appears, based on the transmission electron micrographs, that the aluminum deposit penetrates the copolymer coating to a greater depth than it does the PET. The greater level of penetration could be responsible for the greater adhesion obtained between vacuum-evaporated aluminum and the copolymer film compared with the level of adhesion obtained with the PET film. Based on this work, it appears that the adhesion of the vacuum-evaporated aluminum to both polyesters has a similar chemical component (type and amount) but a different extent of the mechanical component.     

Chemistry of the Interface Between Aluminum and Polyester Films

It has been observed that the adhesion between vacuum-evaporated aluminum and poly(ethylene isophthalate-co-ethylene sodium sulfoisophthalate) copolymer is approximately five times greater than the adhesion between vacuum-evaporated aluminum and biaxially-oriented poly(ethylene terephthalate) film. To describe the interface between the aluminum and these polymeric substrates, thermoanalytical, spectroscopic and microscopic techniques have been applied. Definite changes in surface elemental composition and chemical functionality occur upon metallization of the polymer films. Aluminized samples contained two new oxygen functionalities; one due to the aluminum oxide and the other due to an organoaluminum species. Thermal degradation, as may occur during vacuum evaporation, would be expected to yield a carboxylic acid endgroup and a vinyl endgroup for each chain scission reaction that occurred. Reaction of aluminum with these carboxylic acid endgroups is thought to be responsible for the organoaluminum oxygen peak that was observed. Based on the XPS data, however, the level of this new functionality was comparable for both types of polyester film. Thus, this new functionality may be involved in promoting aluminum/polyester adhesion, but by itself cannot explain the differences in the level of adhesion that are attained. It appears, based on the transmission electron micrographs, that the aluminum deposit penetrates the copolymer coating to a greater depth than it does the PET. The greater level of penetration could be responsible for the greater adhesion obtained between vacuum-evaporated aluminum and the copolymer film compared with the level of adhesion obtained with the PET film. Based on this work, it appears that the adhesion of the vacuum-evaporated aluminum to both polyesters has a similar chemical component (type and amount) but a different extent of the mechanical component.     

高碳正负离子表面活性剂复配溶液的界面活性研究

研究了十六烷基三甲基氯化铵与十二烷基硫酸钠复配溶液在正庚烷／水界面的物理化学性质，结果表明复配溶液具有比单一表面活性剂更高的界面活性，且正负离子表面活性剂在界面的吸附量，即吸附量R^ 同R^-比例为1：l左右；同时也研究了复配溶液在其它表面的物理化学性质，得出了具有很高的其它表面物理化学性质的结论。     

双组分交联型丙烯酸酯胶黏剂的研制

采用溶液聚合的方法,以丙烯酸羟乙酯、乙酸乙烯酯、丙烯酸和丙烯酸异辛酯的混合单体及聚氨酯101-乙组分为原料,合成了双组分溶液型丙烯酸酯胶黏剂.并讨论了单体组成以及单体中丙烯酸羟乙酯与固化剂的比例大小等因素对胶黏剂性能的影响.结果表明:当丙烯酸羟乙酯为18g,丙烯酸羟乙酯与固化剂比例为1:3时性能最优;单纯增加组分中的羟乙酯成分对体系交联程度和体系性能影响不大;羟乙酯如果同固化剂共同作用,胶黏剂性能可以得到明显提高.     

纤维素-强碱溶液体系的研究

以富含纤维素95％的亚硫酸盐木浆板为原料、氢氧化钠溶液为溶剂，通过纤维素-强碱溶液体系粘度的变化．对纤维素在强碱液中的溶解情况进行了分析，指出：聚合度低于500的纤维素可溶解在低温碱液中．氧化锌的加入中有助提高碱液的溶解能力。     

An NMR Imaging Study of the Interface of Epoxy Resin-Glass Fiber Reinforced Composites

NMR imaging was used to analyze E-glass fiber/epoxy composites. The NMR images revealed specific interactions between the glass fiber and epoxy, as indicated by the different degree of curing in the proximity of the fiber. When as-received glass fibers were used, an accelerated degree of curing in the proximity of the fibers as compared with the bulk was observed, whereas when heat-treated glass fibers were used the above trend was substantially inhibited. Finally, when E-glass fibers treated with an aminosilane coupling agent (γ-APS) were used, no variation in the degree of curing in the proximity of the glass fiber was observed. The above results suggest that physisorbed or chemisorbed molecular water present in the surface of the glass fiber assists in the opening of the epoxy ring by hydrogen bonding effects.     

重质高酸值原油及其油品脱环烷酸工艺研究进展

综述了从重质高酸值原油及其油品脱环烷酸的工艺研究,脱除环酸的方法一般可有化学萃取,溶剂萃取,吸收等。介绍了可能用于脱环烷酸的中和剂,破乳剂及表面活性剂。     

含钡硫铝酸盐水泥混凝土界面结构与性能研究

实验通过对含钡硫铝酸盐水泥混凝土试块宏观断裂面的形貌观察和微观界面结构及界面产物的研究,发现断裂面从集料内部断开,说明含钡硫铝酸盐水泥混凝土的界面结合力大于集料内部自身的结合力;并利用扫描电子显微镜、能谱分析和差热分析仪对混凝土试块的微观界面区的形貌及水化产物进行分析观察,研究界面结构以及界面的水化产物对混凝土性能的影响.