Spinning of a chemisorptive sulfonic acid fibre

Conclusions Special features of spinning a fibre by the wet method from a copolymer based on acrylonitrile and sodium methallylsulfonate which are connected with dissociation and solvation of the sulfonate groups have been examined.It has been found that, to obtain a fibre with satisfactory physico-mechanical properties which assure processing into textile articles from a sulfonate-containing copolymer, it is necessary to carry out the spinning either into nonaqueous baths or into aqueous baths which contain lyophilic salts.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 3, pp. 10–12, May–June, 1988.     

Vinylimidazole chemisorption fibre

The conditions were developed for synthesis of a copolymer of acrylonitrile and vinylimidazole in dimethyl sulfoxide capable of forming complexes with transition metals. Fabrication of a chemisorption fibre from AN-VIM copolymer was investigated. It was found that an increase in the concentration of VIM in the copolymer above 35 wt. % lowered the physicomechanical properties of the fibre. Incorporation of bulky VIM molecules which loosen the structure of the copolymer in the polyacrylonitrile chain affects the shrinkage characteristics of the fibre, manifested by a decrease in its service temperature to 50°C.All-Russian Scientific-Research Institute of Polymer Fibres, Mytishchi, Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 4, pp. 6–8, July–August, 1995.     

Effect of synthesis conditions on the viscosity properties of acrylonitrile copolymer spinning solutions

Conclusions The spinning solution used the high-shrinkage component in the manufacture of a bicomponent fibre based on an acrylonitrile copolymer in a structured system and has a weakly defined viscosity anomaly.An increase in initiator content, and also an increase in polymerization temperature, without changing the character of flow of the spinning composition, reduces the molecular weight of the copolymer and the viscosity of the spinning solution.An increase in the sodium thiocyanate content in the water is accompanied by an increase in the molecular weight of the copolymer and in the viscosity of the spinning solution.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 6, pp. 15–16, November–December, 1985.     

Effect of technological spinning transitions on the properties of nickel-containing nitron fibre

Conclusions The effect of technological spinning transitions on the properties of an electrically-conducting metallized Nitron fibre has been investigated.It has been shown that in mechanical crimping the mechanical and electrically-conducting properties of a nickel-containing fibre are considerably impaired. During the spinning process, a considerable leveling out of the nickel content of the fibre and of its electrical resistance takes place.Processing of the nickel-containing fibre should be carried out with elimination of the mechanical crimping process. Thereupon the change in fibre properties takes place mainly during the process of preparing the combed lap.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 5, pp. 39–40, September–October, 1985.     

Viscose fibres from hydroxyethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Conclusions The effect of introducing small quantities of hydroxyethyl groups into cellulose (=6–10) on the structure and properties of various types of viscose fibres has been studied. The structure and properties of cord fibre and cord are not affected, but the properties of textile yarn deteriorate sharply. There is a significant change in the structure of polynosic fibre and in some of its properties: the brittleness is reduced, simultaneously with an increase in alkali solubility and swelling in water.All-Union Scientific-Research Institute for Synthetic Fibres (VNIIV). Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 4, pp. 55–57, July–August, 1969.     

Reaction of nitron fibre with nickel during the chemical metallization process

Conclusions The structure and properties of metallized Nitron fibre have been studied by the methods of measuring electrical conductivity, polymer extraction, sorption of water vapor, IR spectroscopy, and thermomechanical investigation.It has been shown that metallization causes a significant change in the electrophysical, sorptive, and thermomechanical properties of Nitron fibre.The suggestion has been made that the change in the set of properties of Nitron fibre upon metallization is caused by interactions of various types between the polymer and the metal.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 5, pp. 24–26, September–October, 1987.     

How additives of graft copolymers affect the structural-mechanical properties of fibres from mixtures of incompatible homopolymers

Conclusions 1. The authors have studied the effect of the composition of a CA-PAN mixture and their graft copolymers on the physicomechanical properties of fibres formed from them. It is shown that the physicomechanical properties of the fibre deteriorate with increasing ratio of CA and PAN in the mixture. The presence of graft copolymer in a CA-PAN mixture improves the fibre's physicomechanical properties.2. The structural characteristics of CA-PAN fibres and their graft copolymers have been studied by physicomechanical and electron-microscopic methods. It is shown that addition of a graft copolymer of CA and PAN to a heterogeneous mixture of CA and PAN leads to homogenisation of the structure and an increase in the structural homogeneity of the fibres.Tashkent Institute of the Textile and Light Industries. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 6, pp. 20–23, November–December, 1969.     

A set of textile auxiliaries for finishing Lanom fibre

Conclusions The effect of TA on the physico-chemical properties of aqueous solutions has been investigated, as well as the electrophysical and frictional properties of Lanom fibre.It has been shown that the preparations Stearox 6 and composition 2 are effective for finishing Lanom fibre at a content of 0.3–0.6% on the fibre surface.Treatment with these TA assures the needed physico-mechanical and electrophysical properties, reduces the coefficient of friction by 17–26% as compared with that of the untreated fibre, and improves the ability of Lanom fibre to be processed.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 6, pp. 42–43, November–December, 1986.     

Preparation of heat-stable polypropylene fibres and their properties

Conclusions A method has been developed for preparing a modified polypropylene fibre by spinning from a mixture of polypropylene and a small amount of a thermoplastic acrylonitrile copolymer which contains a functional group which forms intermolecular chemical bonds during the fibre preparation process.It has been shown that in the given method of modifying PP fibre, its heat resistance is raised by 40–50°K.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 3, pp. 51–52, May–June, 1985.     

Some features of relaxation processes in the heat-treatment of Lanom fibre

Conclusions In the application of a copper-nickel coating onto freshly-spun, slightly oriented polyacrylonitrile fibre, a rigid housing is developed, which represses changes in the electrophysical properties of the fibre.The slight change in specific electrical resistance of the fibre is connected with two factors: a difference in the thermal-relaxation properties of the coating and of the polymer; and partial oxidation of the copper coating by atmospheric oxygen.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 4, pp. 29–30, July–August, 1987.     

Synthesis of graft copolymers of polycaprolactam fibre by preliminary introduction of hydroperoxide groups

Conclusions 1. We have obtained graft copolymers of polycaprolactam fibre with various vinyl monomers by introducing peroxide and hydroperoxide groups into the fibre by oxidation with an Fe³⁺-H₂O₂ system.2. We have studied the effect of the oxidation and graft copolymerisation conditions on the yield of graft copolymer. The feasbility of obtaining modified polycaprolactam fibre with practically any content of graft polymer has been demonstrated.All-Union Correspondence Institute for the Textile and Light Industry (VZITLP); Moscow Textile Institute. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 6, pp. 15–17, November–December, 1969.     

Changes in the structural-mechanical properties of nitron fibre during the metallizing process

Conclusions The effect of metallizing conditions and Ni content on the structural and mechanical properties of Nitron fibre has been investigated.It has been shown that the metallization temperature-time regime leads to changes both in the amorphous and also in the crystalline regions of PAN fibre; these are connected with a compaction in polymer structure.The Ni content of the fibre significantly affects its structure and thermomechanical properties. The suggestion has been made that the considerable increase in glass point of the fibre is caused by chemical interaction between polymer functional groups and the metal.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 6, pp. 39–40, November–December, 1986.     

Effect of moisture on the properties of Togilen fibre

The sorption properties of Togilen fibre were determined. Desorption of Togilen is similar to desorption of viscose fibres with respect to the equilibrium moisture absorption and sorption kinetics. It was found that the curve of the strength characteristics of Togilen as a function of the humidity decreases monotonically. The maximum decrease in the strength is 50% of the conditioning value. The change in the deformation-strength properties of the fibre in water as a function of the duration of its exposure was investigated. The time of establishment of equilibrium with respect to the strength and elongation was determined. The loss of strength of the wet fibre attained 60–70% and the elongation increased by two times; the properties of the fibre were almost totally restored during drying. A comparison of the properties of textile fibres with elevated sorption properties and Togilen suggested that Togilen is a hydrophilic fibre.Institute of Textile and Light Industry, St. Petersburg. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 6, pp. 43–45, November–December, 1992.     

Preparation of a fibre-forming sulfonic acid copolymer and its properties

Conclusions The basic principles in synthesis of a fibre-forming sulfonate group-containing copolymer have been established.It has been shown that the sulfonate group content of a copolymer shows up in its properties and the properties of its dilute solutions.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 2, pp. 16–17, March–April, 1988.     

Modification of the surface of chemical fibres with fluorine-containing copolymers (review)

Modification of chemical fibres with copolymers of 1,1-dihydroperfluoro-heptyl acrylate (PFHA) to decrease their wettability was systematically investigated and some characteristics of this process were established. It was shown that the effectiveness of modification is determined by the method of treating the fibres with the copolymer modifiers, the molecular composition of these copolymers, and the colloid chemical properties of the latexes based on them. Treatment of the fibres with copolymers with functionally active groups capable of reacting with the macromolecule of the fibre-forming polymer and cross-linking on the surface of the fibre is the most effective method of modification. Substitution of incomplete fluorinated alcohols or unfluorinated monomers for the acrylates in the PFHA copolymer reduces their effectiveness in modification. Copolymers of PFHA with hydrophilic monomers capable of being orientedly sorbed by the fibre due to its amphiphilic nature and forming surfaces with low energy are an exception. For effective use of the copolymer modifier, the latexes of these copolymers should have certain colloid chemical properties: the particle charge, adsorption saturation, and aggregate stability should be optimum, which will ensure their stability during preparation, storage, and use.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 5, pp. 27–30, September–October, 1995.     

Relaxation during drying of hydrated cellulose fibres

Conclusions 1. The authors have studied the kinetics of the change in length and internal stresses during drying of freshly-formed hydrated cellulose fibre.2. It is shown that drying of hydrated cellulose fibre is characterised by alternation of two opposing processes: in the first drying stage, when mainly free moisture is removed and the moisture content falls to 25–30%, the thread becomes longer; with a further decrease in the moisture content, due to removal of adsorbed water, the thread becomes shorter.This characteristic of the behaviour of freshly-formed hydrated cellulose fibre must be taken into account when working out the plant procedure and lay-out for continuous-forming and fibre-dressing machines.All-Union Scientific-Research Institute for Synthetic Fibres (VNIIV). Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 5, pp. 32–34, September–October, 1969.     

Polyelectrolyte properties of acrylonitrile copolymers

Conclusions -- The ternary acrylonitrile—methylacrylate—itaconic acid copolymer can display polyelectrolyte properties in solutions, caused by the ionogenic groups from the itaconic acid.-- The itaconic acid content of the copolymer can be estimated from the magnitude of the polyelectrolyte effect in viscosimetric determination of the inherent viscosity of the copolymer.VNIIPV, Mytishchi. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 5, pp. 17–18, September–October, 1992.     

Pilot plant realization of a process for preparing a chemisorptive polyamide fibre

Conclusions A technological process for the preparation of the chemisorptive polyamide fibre KM-Al, which is based on a graft copolymer of polycaproamide and poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) has been developed and realized on a pilot plant assembly of the Volzhskii Khimvolokno PO.Sorption-filtering materials from KM-Al fibre can be used in installations for the sanitary purification of gases and in universal media for individual protection of breathing organs — respirators.Translated from Khimicheskoe Volokna, No. 6, pp. 35–36, November–December, 1986.     

Special features in spinning high-modulus viscose fibre of high linear density

Conclusions On transition to spinning 0.13–0.17 tex HMV fibres to 0.22–0.44 tex fibres, to maintain diffusion conditions in spinning, the H₂SO₄ content of the precipitation bath should be kept at a level of 70–75 g/liter or increased by no more than 1–2 g/liter. Process stability is achieved by reducing the spinning speed. However, the round cross-sectional form of the fibre is not retained, and its physicomechanical properties are diminished.A further rise in fibre quality may be attained by invreasing the -Cellulose content of the viscose to 7.5% by wt., with a simultaneous increase in the viscosity of the viscose to 250–300 sec.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 4, pp. 28–29, July–August, 1989.     

Chemical changes in polyvinyl fluoride during the process of fibre-spinning

Conclusions The change in some properties of polyvinyl fluoride during the process of fibre spinning has been investigated.It has been found that during the process of converting PVF powder into fibre, the degree of polymer crystallinity plus its resistance to thermal and thermooxidative degradation is increased; depending on the spinning regime, the densities and physicomechanical properties of PVF fibres are different.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 4, pp. 34–35, July–August, 1984.