钛离子注入9Cr18钢的强流脉冲电子束后处理

对９Ｃｒ１８钢经Ｔｉ＾＋离子注入后又使用脉冲强流电子束进行了表面辐照处理用ＡＥＳ分析了注入层的成分,考查了电子束处理前后的硬度,并讨论了脉冲强流电子对离子注入金属材料表面成分产生辐照增强扩散的影响。     

C+Ti双离子注入H13钢抗腐蚀结构的分析

利用阳极化扫描方法测量了C＋Ti双离子高剂量注入H13钢样品在NaAc/HAc缓冲液（pH=5.6)中的耐腐蚀性能。结果表明,双离子注入明显地降低样品的峰值电流密度,改善样品的耐腐蚀性能;Ti离子的注入剂量越高,样品的耐腐蚀性能越好。在0.1mol/L NaCl溶液中点蚀实验结果表明,离子注入后样品的点蚀电位提高75mV,耐点蚀性能明显改善。TEM和SEM结果表明,注入样品的表面形成了一层晶粒细化层,从而减少了腐蚀坑的形核位置,阻止腐蚀的进一步进行,提高了样品的耐蚀性。     

离子束辅助沉积铌提高铀的抗腐蚀性能研究

利用离子注入技术在铀表面进行了离子束辅助沉积铌和离子注入铌形成表面改性层，并对改性层的厚度、注入元素的分布进行俄歇电子能谱（AES）分析和表面相及结构的X射线衍射谱（XRD）分析，用电化学极化法测试抗腐蚀性能。结果表明：离子束辅助沉积表面改性层比离子注入表面改性层明显增厚，铀的耐蚀性得到进一步改善。最后讨论了注铌改性层耐蚀性提高的原因。     

高能Ti离子注入H13钢强化机理研究

对高能Ti离子注入H13钢的强化机理进行了详细的研究。利用离子注入精确可控,掺杂不受固溶度和材料温度限制的特点,详细研究了H13钢中离子注入各种强化机理的作用。结果证明,用离子注入可将几种强化效果同时用于H13钢强化,从而得到最佳的强化     

离子注入磁记录材料的试验研究

离子注入用于金属材料表面改性,特别是提高金属表面的耐磨损、耐腐蚀能力的试验研究已开始向工业应用的方向过渡。目前这方面的研究成果已在英国、美国、日本、苏联等国申请了专利,其中用于磁头表面处理的专利申请就占有两项。为此,我们分别试验了硼离子、氮离子注入坡莫合金磁头材料,研究其组织、结构的变化,测量了坡莫合金离子注入前后的磁性能、表面硬度、表面光洁度、耐磨损性能以及成品磁头离子注入前后的电声性能,取得了一些初步的试验结果。     

GCr15表面钽沉积及碳离子注入的摩擦性能的研究

GCr15钢广泛用于各类轴承制造.为提高其摩擦性能,用磁控溅射法在GCr15轴承钢试样表面沉积厚约100 nm的钽膜,再进行不同注量的50 keV碳离子注入.用Ф6的GCr15钢球做对磨试验,测试它们的摩擦性能,用SEM观察磨痕形貌.结果表明,处理后GCr15钢改性层的Ta2C含量随注量增加,摩擦性能得以提高.载荷1 N、滑动速度50 mm/s条件下,注入3×1017ions/cm2的试样耐磨性是原始试样的1.65倍;表面沉积钽膜后,摩擦系数由未处理前的0.8～1下降至0.5左右,钽膜注碳后摩擦系数更降至0.2～0.3,注入层主要以磨粒磨损为主.     

用V＋C双重离子注入H13钢合成表面优化层的研究

给出了Ｃ，Ｖ离子和Ｖ＋Ｃ双重离子注入Ｈ１３钢合成表面优化层机理的研究结果，包括表面薄碳膜和弥散硬化层的形成。用电镜观察到离子注入时晶粒细化和新相的析出，使晶界强化和位错强化效果增强。俄歇分析表明Ｃ，Ｖ离子注入浓度将分别达到５０％和３０％的原子比便，即形成固溶化。Ｘ射线衍射分析表明，注入层中出现了弥散的Ｆｅ２Ｃ，Ｆｅ５Ｃ２，ＦｅＶ和Ｖ２Ｃ相。注入样品退火，这些相的衍射峰增强，说明这些相在生长。由于这     

离子注入碳对铀抗腐蚀性能影响的研究

利用离子注入技术分别用单能量和多能量叠加注入方式在铀表面注入碳形成表面改性层，并对改性层的形貌、注入元素的分布和相结构分别进行扫描电镜（SEM）、俄歇电子能谱（AES）及表面相结构衍射谱（XRD）分析，利用电化学极化法测试注入样品的抗腐蚀性能。结果表明：离子注入碳能够提高铀表面抗腐蚀的能力。     

Y/Ce注入对Zr-4合金高温氧化行为的影响

为了比较研究Y、Ce离子注入对Zr-4合金氧化性能的影响，探索离子注入后的改性机制，对Zr-4合金表面分别注入了不同剂量的两种离子并在500℃条件下进行空气氧化．氧化曲线表明：Y、Ce离子注入均能明显改善Zr-4合金的氧化性能，改善的程度随注入剂量的提高而增大；Ce离子注入后的改性效果略强于Y．使用XPS、GAXRD研究了注入样品高温氧化实验后的表层氧化膜成份及其相结构，探讨了Y、Ce离子注入提高Zr-4合金高温抗氧化性能的机理。     

C+W+C离子注入H13钢复合钝化层的抗腐蚀特性

用多次扫描电位法研究了C＋W＋C离子注入H13钢的结构和相变及其对抗腐蚀特性的影响,研究了抗腐蚀相生成的条件以及这些相对抗腐蚀特性的作用,并对其改性机理进行了讨论。实验结果表明,W离子和C离子多重离子注入H13钢可在注入层中形成超饱和浓度的W和C原子分布,分布形状为类高斯分布;并可在注入层中形成钨的碳化物WC和W2C相、合金相Fe2W和Fe6W6C等,这些弥散相不但可以使注入层强化,而且也可使表面钝化,从而增强了表面抗腐蚀特性;W和C双重离子注入具有W和C单离子注入的特性,可进一步提高H13钢的抗腐蚀特性,随着W重离子和C重离子注入剂量的增加,抗腐蚀特性进一步增强。样品C3W3C3的Jp经50个周期腐蚀后,其值比H13钢的Jp下降了60％,而C3W3的Jp比H13钢的Jp下降了47％。C3W3C3的Jp比C3W3的Jp小34％。扫描电子显微镜观察表明,腐蚀后抗腐蚀的钝化层依然存在。     

Surface modification of SUS304 stainless steel by atmospheric pressure Ar/N2/O2 plasma

The surface characteristics of SUS304 stainless steel are investigated before and after surface modification by Ar/N₂/O₂ plasma under atmospheric pressure conditions. It was found that plasma treatment of a stainless steel plate has a significant effect on the wettability, contact angle, and free energy of the SUS304 surface. The contact angle and surface free energy were analyzed. The optimal surface modification parameters are a power of 1000 W, a torch-to-sample distance of 80 mm, a treatment time of 300 s, and an oxygen content of 1.5 wt%. Under these processing conditions, a contact angle of just 1.60° was obtained. The surface morphology, surface element composition, and surface roughness of the treated SUS304 specimens were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM), respectively. The results show that the optimal surface modification conditions lead to the formation of fine, uniformly distributed crystallites in the SUS304 microstructure. Moreover, compared to the untreated surface, the treated surface had a significantly lower carbon content and a more uniform distribution of surface peaks.     

高功率脉冲离子束注入初步研究

离子注入用于半导体器件和大规模集成电路的生产中,显示出这种工艺的许多优越性。七十年代初期,哈威尔实验室等研究部门开始进行离子注入技术在非半导体材料中的应用研究。大量实验结果表明,仅几千埃的注入深度就能对金属材料的磨损和抗氧化性能起积极的影响,如一定浓度的氮离子注入钢能显著提高钢材的耐磨性,而且小于0.5μm的注入层能使20μm深度处的耐磨性仍有改善;适当剂量的Cr和Zr注入氧化铝陶瓷中,能起到硬化作用;     

SKD11模具钢的强流脉冲电子束辐照改性

本文介绍强流脉冲电子束（HCPEB）材料表面改性原理,采用模具钢SKD11进行辐照处理实验。对处理样品表面进行形貌观察,发现熔坑面密度及粗糙度随脉冲处理次数的增加而减小。X射线衍射分析证实,多脉冲处理条件下表面改性层中碳化物发生溶解,形成高奥氏体含量的重熔组织,而过多的能量注入会使奥氏体发生再度分解。磨损性能测试表明,在低电压（19．8kV）处理情况下,耐磨损性能得到改善,脉冲次数为8次时处理样品的耐磨性达到最佳,这与表面改性层中碳化物及奥氏体的相对含量变化密切相关。     

Application and evaluation of fracture mechanics failure concepts to precracked vessels

The elastic-plastic fracture mechanics concepts R-curve method, Two Criteria Approach, COD concept and Battelle formula were applied on three tested vessels made of low and high tough and fine grained structural steel and X 8 Ni 9 with an axial notch on the outer surface. Apart from the R-curve method for the vessel made of low tough material, failure loads were conservatively calculated. The COD concept could not be applied to these vessels and failure geometries using the well known design curve. A modification of the COD concept by means of FE-calculations was made so that a correlation between the displacement at the crack tip and at the vessel surface could be determined. With this procedure, the calculated load at fracture was only 8% below the experimental result.     

PTFE表面辐照改性研究进展

聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)是一种具有润滑、绝缘及化学惰性的工程塑料,被广泛地用于电子、化工、纺织、医疗、机械、环境等领域。由于C—F键能高以及氟原子规整地排列在C—C链骨架上,因此PTFE表面能极低且表面润湿性和粘结性差,需要进行表面改性以增强PTFE与其它材料的界面亲和性。通过伽马射线/电子束和低温等离子体对PTFE进行辐照接枝改性和功能化修饰,能够有效地改善和优化其表面性能,使PTFE材料得到更好的利用。低温等离子体技术尤其适合PTFE表面改性处理,因为它不会导致PTFE本体材料的降解。本文综述了国内外关于PTFE表面辐照改性及应用的研究进展。     

针对不锈钢表面60Co污染的电化学去污研究

核设施退役与三废治理过程中会产生大量表面被沾污的不锈钢金属部件,作业环境和人员将面临潜在的放射性污染和受照剂量问题。针对不锈钢金属表面的60Co污染问题,设计了手持式电化学试验装置对不锈钢表面污染进行合理有效的原位去污;采用正交实验法优化电解液浓度、电流密度和电极间距等电化学工艺参数,并对不锈钢表面60Co污染进行去污验证。研究结果表明,本文建立的电化学原位去污方法具有去污时间短、效率高等优点;在电解时间为30 s、电解液为10 mol/L硝酸、电流密度为0.3 A/cm2、电极间距为0.4 cm的条件下,此方法对不锈钢表面60Co污染的去污效率可达99.9%以上,腐蚀深度大于10 μm,可使污染降低至环境本底辐射水平。      

Effect of plasma step gradient modification on surface electrical properties of epoxy resin

In this paper, plasma fluorination is combined with plasma silicon deposition to achieve step gradient modification on an epoxy resin surface. The physicochemical characteristics of samples are investigated and the electrical performances measured. The obtained results show that compared with untreated and single treated samples, the samples treated by step gradient modification significantly improve the flashover performance. According to experiment and simulation, the mechanism explanations are summarized as follows. First, it is found that the step gradient conductivity can effectively optimize the electric field distribution of a needle-needle electrode. Then, step gradient modification suppresses the accumulation of surface charge at the triple junction and makes the charge distribution more uniform. Furthermore, it can accelerate the surface dissipation on a high electrical field region and control the dissipation rate on a low electrical field region. All these results can restrain surface discharge and increase the flashover voltage. The step gradient modification method proposed in this paper provides a new idea for improving the surface insulation performance.     

MHWRR屏冷系统缓蚀剂K2CrO4浓度确定及其缓蚀机理研究

应用经典的失重法研究确定MHWRR屏冷系统缓蚀剂K_2CrO_4的使用浓度和屏冷系统首次使用时表面预处理工艺。用表面分析技术、电化学测试法研究K_2CrO_4的缓蚀机理。K_2CrO_4为阳极型缓蚀剂。在碳钢表面形成的Cr_2O_3,Fe_2O_3或其它Fe-O-Cr化合物增补和强化了碳钢表面的抗蚀性。     

Reaction Rate between Dilute Iodine Vapor and Stainless Steel in High-Temperature Argon Stream

Considering the three steps of (1) Deposition of iodine on the stainless steel, (2) Formation of metallic iodides, on the metal surface and (3) Sublimation of the iodides into the stream, the reaction rate between dilute iodine vapor and stainless steel in high-temperature argon stream was obtained. The rate was determined by shallow-bed method, using a thin bed of granular stainless steel. The apparent rate constant obtained from the reaction rate was expressed in reference to unit surface area of the stainless steel grains. The rate of deposition of radioiodine on the stainless steel was found to correspond to less than 10% of the concentration of iodine in the stream.     

Removal of Metal Oxide Layers as a Dry Decontamination Technique Utilizing Bead Reaction and Thermal Quenching by Dry Ice Blasting

A new removal method for metal oxide layers formed on steel surfaces was developed as a dry decontamination technique for radioactively contaminated metal waste. In this method, surface oxide layers formed on metal wastes are fused with glass flux and the resulting hot glass layers are removed by thermal quenching using dry ice blasting. After optimization of operating conditions in each process, removal tests were carried out using oxidized stainless and carbon steel samples, which were prepared in boiling water reactor conditions. The experimental results indicated that the surface oxide layers were fused into the glass flux such as borax by a bead reaction and successfully removed by dry ice blasting. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis confirmed that no oxide layer remained on the oxidized steel samples after treatment by the present method.