Sustainability of hydrogen supply chain. Part I: Identification of critical criteria and cause–effect analysis for enhancing the sustainability using DEMATEL

The enhancement of sustainability of hydrogen supply chain is of vital importance for the stakeholders/decision-makers to design a sustainable hydrogen supply chain. The objective of this paper is to develop a method for prioritizing the influential factors, identifying the key driving factors that influence the sustainability of hydrogen supply chain and mapping the cause–effect relationships to improve the sustainability of hydrogen supply chain. In this paper, thirty seven criteria in four aspects including economic, technological, environmental and societal aspects are considered for enhancing the sustainability of hydrogen supply chain, and decision making trial and evaluation laboratory has been used to analyze the relationships among these criteria. The status of hydrogen supply chain in China has been studied by the proposed method, and the results are consistent with the actual conditions. It could be concluded that the proposed method is feasible and could be popularized to some other cases.     

Multidimensional evaluation of global investments on the renewable energy with the integrated fuzzy decision‐making model under the hesitancy

This study aims to assess global investment alternatives with respect to renewable energy. Within this framework, five different renewable energy types (biomass, hydropower, geothermal, wind, and solar) are determined as investment alternatives. Moreover, eight different criteria are selected by considering the four different dimensions of balanced scorecard. Additionally, the fuzzy‐based decision making trial and the evaluation laboratory under the hesitancy (HF‐DEMATEL) model are taken into the account to weight these dimensions and criteria and the technique for order the preferences by the similarity to the ideal solution with the fuzzy hesitant methodology (HF‐TOPSIS) is considered to select the alternatives of renewable energy investments. The novelties of this study are to propose an integrated model and provide the balanced scorecard–based evaluations of global renewable energy investment alternatives. The findings show that learning and growth and customer are the most important dimensions for the investment on renewable energy. It is also identified that market potential, product customization, and technological development are the most significant criteria for this situation. On the other side, solar and wind energy are the most important renewable investment alternatives. These results explain that technological improvement should be maintained, and customer expectations should be met by the companies. Furthermore, solar power plant and wind power plant should be developed in the countries. For this purpose, governments should give necessary incentives to the investors, such as allocating appropriate lands. These actions can attract the attentions of the potential investors for these renewable energy alternatives. Owing to this issue, it can be possible to increase the capacity of electricity productions in the countries with a potential minimum cost.     

Energy conservation in home furnaces

This paper considers the economic attractiveness of improving the design of new furnaces and modifying existing furnaces to raise their efficiency. Engineering field studies and laboratory tests have shown that even new furnaces waste a substantial portion of the energy in the heating oil or natural gas that they burn. It is concluded that improving the efficiency of new and existing furnaces is not only technically feasible but highly economical. Fuel use reductions of 10–15% are achievable by measures that will pay for themselves in a few years. These design improvements have been understood in principle for years, but have not been put to use because consumers are unable to verify efficiency claims and will therefore not pay a higher price for higher efficiency. Several policies are proposed that would create incentives which would lead to the adoption of more efficient designs. Such policies are necessary if we are to utilize the technological capabilities that are available.     

壳型铸造技术在曲轴生产中的应用

简要地介绍了壳型铸造工艺及设备的主要工艺特点及应用情况。对工艺过程、工艺参数及其控制、工装及设备进行了分析说明。     

Nanoporous metal organic framework materials for smart applications

Abstract

This review is concerned with the recent advances in metal organic framework (MOF) materials. We highlight the unique combination of physicochemical and thermomechanical characteristics associated with MOF-type materials and illustrate emergent applications in three challenging technological sectors: energy, environmental remediation and biomedicine. MOFs represent an exciting new class of nanoporous crystalline solids constituting metal ions/clusters and multifunctional organic linkages, which self-assemble at molecular level to generate a plethora of ordered 3D framework materials. The most intriguing feature of a MOF lies in its exceptionally large surface area, far surpassing those of the best activated carbons and zeolites. Next generation multifunctional materials encompassing MOF based thin films, coatings, membranes and nanocomposites have potential for exploitation in an immense array of unconventional applications and smart devices. We pinpoint the key technological challenges and basic scientific questions to be addressed, so as to fulfil the translational potential for bringing MOFs from the laboratory into commercial applications.     

Assessment and update of status of pilot scale fermentative biohydrogen production with focus on candidate bioprocesses and decisive key parameters

Biohydrogen generation via individual dark- or photo-fermentation as well as integrated dark-photo fermentation has gained significant maturity over the last few decades of extensive research and development at the laboratory scale and beyond-laboratory scale systems. This article thoroughly reviews performances of different pilot scale fermentative biohydrogen production systems to identify the major decisive parameters, hindrance factors and areas requiring research attention for devising strategies for further progress and betterment. Impact and correlation of several key factors like suitable dedicated microorganisms, specific operational parameters, type and design specialty of the bioreactors, degree of sterilization and anaerobiosis, mode of bioreactor operation and substrate feeding strategy for individual and integrated bioprocesses on the hydrogenesis potential are emphasized from the practical viewpoint of piloting. Waste reutilization potential and importance of optimization of the technological as well as economic factors of the pilot scale biohydrogen production processes have been underlined to instigate further augmentation.     

X甲醇合成塔试制的关键技术

介绍了甲醇合成塔的结构特点和关键技术要求 ,叙述了产品研制的关键技术要点 ,介绍了甲醇合成塔关键零件制造的技术方案 ,支持技术方案的技术保证措施 ,以及技术方案的实施后检测结果 ,叙述了甲醇合成塔全部技术方案的合理性和推广价值。     

Technological change and uncertainty in environmental economics

Technological change is widely believed to play a crucial role in mastering the challenges of man-made climate change. The drivers and impacts of technological change have therefore become an important research issue in the field of climate economics. While models to analyze the interactions between economy, energy and the environment initially treated technological change as exogenous, more recent modeling approaches often represent technological change as endogenously induced. Typically, models of induced technological change in climate economics are based on perfect foresight in a deterministic world. However, both technological change and climate impacts are subject to large uncertainties that may substantially affect the design of efficient climate policies. Against this background the Special Issue presents five articles contributing to the study of uncertainty and technological change in climate change economics.     

从工艺方法上探讨降低制造成本

从降成本增效益角度,就工艺审查、工艺路线、工艺方法等方面,如何降低产品制造成本进行了阐述和分析,对工艺人员具有一定的参考和借鉴作用。     

降低成本工艺方法的分析和探讨

从降成本增效益角度,就工艺审查、工艺路线、工艺方法等方面如何降低产品制造成本进行了阐述和分析,对工艺人员具有一定的参考和借鉴作用。