烯烃配位聚合催化剂体系研究进展Ⅰ.主催化剂组分

从构成催化剂体系的金属中心原子出发．介绍了烯烃配位聚合催化剂体系的主催化剂组分的发展历史和最新研究动态。重点讨论了烯烃配位聚合催化剂发展过程中典型催化剂的结构特征和催化聚合性能,包括典型的Ziegler-Natta催化剂,茂金属催化剂和非茂金属催化剂。其中,以第ⅣB族过渡金属为中心的催化剂种类和数量最多。占据了整个烯烃聚合催化剂的绝大部分,并且对我国烯烃聚合催化剂的研究与开发方向提出了建议。     

非茂金属烯烃聚合催化剂

综述了近年来烯烃聚合用的非茂单中心催化剂(包括非茂体系催化剂和后过渡金属催化剂)的结构特点、技术现状及最新进展情况。结果认为非茂单中心催化剂综合了Z—N催化剂和茂金属催化剂的优点，而且成本低。     

近年来国外催化剂新产品新技术介绍

评述了国外催化剂市场上近年来出现的新型催化剂的特点和使用效果,包括加氢脱硫炼油催化剂、炼油催化添加剂、链烯烃聚合催化剂以及尾气净化催化剂。并对世界催化剂市场上的新技术,如混相催化技术、Popy lur工艺、OATS技术、Unipol单反应器技术平台等进行了简要的介绍。环保法规的严厉也推动了相关催化剂和催化技术的发展。     

单反应器双峰聚乙烯催化剂的研究及其表征方法

综述了单反应器法生产双峰聚乙烯所用催化剂的研究进展,主要从单反应器催化体系及催化剂多活性中心的表征测试手段等方面进行论述。重点介绍了单反应器催化体系中复合催化剂体系和单组分催化剂体系的制备方法及特性,总结了单反应器双峰聚乙烯催化剂多活性中心性质表征方法的特点及应用,探讨了单反应器双峰聚乙烯催化剂的研究趋势。     

非茂金属催化剂的现状及进展

综述了近年来烯烃聚合用的非茂单中心催化剂（包括非茂体系催化剂和后过渡金属催化剂）的结构特点、技术现状及最新进展情况。     

单活性中心催化剂及其聚合工艺进展

综述了十几年来用于烯烃聚合的单活性中心均相催化剂的研究开发状况,主要包括茂金属催化剂、后过渡金属络合物催化剂以及其它的新型催化剂体系。讨论了新一代单活性中心催化剂对传统聚合工艺的冲击和发展。     

单活性中心络合物均相聚烯烃催化剂

单活性中心络合物均相催化剂是１０多年来烯烃聚合领域研究开发的热点之一。本文综述用于烯烃聚合的单活性中心均相催化剂的研究开发状况,主要包括茂金属催化剂,后过渡金属络合物催化剂以及其他的新型催化剂体系。     

重油催化裂解技术研究进展

重油催化裂解技术以增产乙烯、丙烯等低碳烯烃为主要目标,是重油轻质化的有效手段。对催化裂解技术的研究,催化剂和反应器是其核心。本文综述了重油催化裂解技术中采用的各种催化剂和反应器的研究进展,阐述了不同催化剂的适用条件和不同类型反应器的流体特性,并指出深入研究下行床反应器及开发与之匹配的催化剂将是今后开发重油催化裂解技术最具潜力的研究方向。     

茂金属烯烃聚合催化剂Ⅳ.含杂原子单活性中心催化剂及聚合研究

介绍了含氧，氮等杂原子单活性中心催化剂，包括后过渡金属催化剂，应用于乙烯，α－烯烃，环烯烃及其他极性单体的聚合。     

甲醇制烯烃反应工艺、反应机理及其动力学研究进展

甲醇制烯烃工艺近年来已成为煤化工领域的研究热点。不同的甲醇制烯烃催化剂将导致不同的反应过程,以SAPO-34为催化剂时,甲醇主要遵循烃池机理,通过快速的平行反应直接生产乙烯和丙烯(MTO)等低碳烯烃;以ZSM-5为催化剂时,甲醇主要遵循双循环机理中的烯烃循环机理,通过甲基化-裂解等多步反应间接生产丙烯(MTP)。这种反应特征的不同也决定着反应器类型和工艺条件的不同:SAPO-34催化剂易失活的特性决定了工业MTO过程通常采用易再生的流化床反应器从甲醇一步生成乙烯和丙烯,而具有良好抗结焦能力的ZSM-5催化剂使得工业MTP过程通常选择易放大的固定床反应器,通过大量烯烃循环与分离逐步获得丙烯。针对SAPO-34催化剂上MTO过程以及ZSM-5催化剂上MTP过程的不同反应情况,综述了近年来甲醇制烯烃代表性的反应工艺、反应机理以及反应动力学等方面的研究进展,并根据其存在的问题提出了相应的发展方向。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。