煤层气田矿山地质环境保护与土地复垦方案探讨——以四川筠连煤层气田为例

在勘探、生产过程中,煤层气会对周边地质环境造成不良影响,需要开展地质环境保护与土地复垦工作。煤层气由于地理位置的特殊性,其矿山地质环境保护与土地复垦方案也有所不同。以四川筠连煤层气田为例,煤层气开采对地质环境的影响主要体现在地质灾害、含水层破坏、地形地貌景观破坏、水土环境污染及土地资源压占等方面。针对这5种地质环境影响,需要采取相应的监测工作,并根据土地利用现状和预测开展恢复治理工程等措施。文章论述和探讨了合理的煤层气田地质环境保护与土地复垦方案,以求为同类工作的开展提供借鉴和参考。     

山东平邑石灰岩矿矿区地质环境影响因素分析及治理措施

根据山东平邑石灰岩矿开发利用方案及矿山地质环境现状,对矿山开采引发的矿山地质环境问题进行预测,分析预测矿区可能发生的矿山地质环境问题。主要从地质灾害、含水层破坏、地形地貌景观破坏、水土环境污染、土地资源资源等问题进行现状评估和预测评估,预测评估了矿山地质环境影响程度,并进行影响程度分区。提出主要治理措施有：修建挡土墙,覆土绿化、平台复垦及地质环境监测。本文的研究对于类似露天开采矿山地质环境的保护与治理具有一定的指导的意义。     

川北某锰矿土地复垦方案优化研究

川北某锰矿为地下开采的矿山,由于历史原因,矿山一直未开展地质环境保护与土地复垦方案,基于矿山延续采矿许可证最新开发利用方案,对矿山土地损毁进行预测和评估,针对现有工业场地和地下开采造成的地表损毁进行复垦方案设计,对损毁的耕地、林地整理,恢复其土地功能,恢复地形地貌景观、提高土地资源利用率,以简单的工程措施和防治费用获得...     

基于手机软件的矿山地质环境保护与土地复垦现场调查方法

为实现矿山地质环境保护与土地复垦现场调查工作的高精度、高效率开展,文章以金属矿、石油天然气类矿山的现场调查为例,讨论了以奥维互动地图、GPS工具箱、AoRGMap、DJI GO 4等手机软件组合使用为基础的新型矿山地质环境保护与土地复垦现场调查工作方法。相比于传统调查方法,以手机软件的组合使用为基础的矿山地质环境保护与土地复垦现场调查工作方法体现出了更大、更全面的优势。     

姜梨园铁矿区矿坑涌水量预测模拟

矿坑涌水量预测是矿床水文地质勘探的重要组成部分,分析矿区地下水水流系统的演变规律,有助于加深对矿区地质条件和水文地质条件的认识,判明矿坑充水水源及其途径.文章在分析姜梨园铁矿区地质、水文地质条件的基础上,重点分析了F1断层的水文地质特征,确定了矿坑排水条件下含水层组间的水力联系,建立了水文地质概念模型及相应的数学模型、数值模型,借助Visual MODFLOW软件,在进行模型识别与验证后,结合矿山开采方案,预测了矿床的正常涌水量与最大涌水量.     

广西率先开展砂石土类矿山“四案合一”工作

"四案合一"工作为进一步深化自然资源领域"放管服"改革,广西壮族自治区自然资源厅日前印发《广西壮族自治区自然资源厅关于储量规模中型(含)以下露天开采砂石土类矿山合并编制地质报告(储量核实报告)、开发利用方案、地质环境保护与土地复垦方案的通知》(以下简称"《通知》")。据悉,广西壮族自治区是我国首个开展储量规模中型(含)以下露天开采砂石土类矿山合并编制地质报告(储量核实报告)、开发利用方案、地质环境保护与土地复垦方案(以下简称"四案合一")的省(区)。     

河南省水泥灰岩矿资源开发利用设计要点的探讨

资源开发利用方案不但是取得采矿许可证的基本要件,而且是安全预评价报告、环境影响评价报告、矿山地质环境保护与治理恢复方案、矿山土地复垦方案、采矿权价值评估报告的主要依据之一。通过对设计利用储量的确定、安全距离的确定、资源的综合利用、废石场的确定的探讨,对提高资源开发利用的质量有较大作用。     

露天矿山地质环境保护与土地复垦的三维可视化快速表达

保护环境与资源开发并重,绿色矿山是矿山发展的方向。露天矿山地质环境保护与土地复垦工程的三维可视化,在向评审专家汇报、参与公众展示、工程施工效果表达等方面,对原始地形地貌和现状、矿山开采终了预测、设计工程部署等具有直观、清晰、真实的表现效果,对环境保护决策具有借鉴、指导意义。     

ArcGIS在矿山地质环境保护与土地复垦中的应用

文章以Arc GIS10.3软件为平台,根据自然资源部办公厅下发的"关于做好矿山地质环境保护与土地复垦方案编报有关工作的通知"文件(国土资规[2016]21号),并结合实际工作,探索Arc GIS在方案编制中的应用,对方案中要求的土地复垦适宜性评价、数据统计以及相关图件制作的关键技术进行探索,以宁夏鄂尔多斯盆地A油田为例,详细介绍在方案编制中如何通过Arc GIS完成数据格式的转化、数据处理、数据统计及数据输出,并最终按文件要求成图。通过Arc GIS软件的模块可以高效完成方案编制中的综合任务。     

基于遥感解译与模糊数学的矿山地质环境综合评价——以戈壁荒漠区某有色金属矿山为例

戈壁荒漠区属生态环境脆弱区,原生地质环境敏感性强,矿业开发一定程度上加剧了土地沙化、盐渍化和荒漠区砾幕层的破坏,但戈壁荒漠区以往矿山地质环境调查工作程度较低,亦亟需开展矿山地质环境调查与评价工作。通过基于遥感解译的地质环境调查,查明了矿山地质环境现状。建立了适用于戈壁荒漠区矿山地质环境评价指标体系,通过模糊数学综合评价与综合指数模型评价,得到模糊综合评判指数与综合评价指数分别为4.806、4.833,确定矿山地质环境影响程度为中度影响。基于遥感解译与模糊数学的评价方法在戈壁荒漠区有色金属矿山地质环境综合评价中有效可行,为有色金属矿山地质环境调查与评价提供了方法借鉴,为矿山地质环境保护与恢复治理及土地复垦提供了依据。     

Groundwater Resources: Balancing Perspectives on Key Issues Affecting Supply and Demand

Sustainable groundwater management requires (a) maximizing the use of aquifer storage to reduce water-supply costs while limiting environmental impacts, and (b) maximizing groundwater protection to reduce water-supply treatment needs while not unduly restricting land-use activities. These key issues are evaluated from the experience of a recent and comprehensive national strategic study, involving detailed consultation with many stakeholders with an interest in groundwater resources. Such balances are not easy to achieve because groundwater systems are complex to analyse and slow to respond to change, resulting in considerable uncertainty in assessment and prediction without in-depth research and high-resolution monitoring. Current institutional and regulatory arrangements for the water sector in England and Wales do not appear to be achieving the best possible use of aquifer storage and optimal investment in groundwater protection.     

上海某枢纽基坑工程浅层承压水回灌试验分析

随着上海城市建设进程的不断推进,深大基坑大量涌现,同时因城市立体空间设施的密集化,使得基坑周边环境趋于复杂,在此背景下因浅层承压水降水而引起的工程性地面沉降事故不断发生,给社会带来了巨大的经济损失。地下水人工回灌是控制因降水引起的工程性地面沉降的方法之一,目前地下水人工回灌系统主要应用于深层承压水的回灌。本文通过上海某地第一承压含水层的回灌试验,研究分析了浅层承压含水层回灌井的结构、回灌过程中地下水的流态变化规律、水土应力变化及对控制地面沉降作用的效率,证明了浅层承压水回灌在基坑环境保护中的可行性。试验研究对基坑建设中的地下水浅层承压水回灌系统的设计和施工有重要的指导意义。     

太原市盆地区浅层地下水脆弱性评价

本文从影响地下水脆弱性的因素出发,结合国内外已有的地下水脆弱性影响因素、评价指标和评价标准,根据研究区的具体实际情况和可获得资料,选取影响地下水脆弱性的地下水埋深、含水层净补给量、含水层介质、土壤包气带、地形、包气带介质和水力传导系数7个参数作为评价因子,建立太原市盆地区浅层地下水脆弱性评价DRASTIC指标体系和评价标准。依据标准对其所含的7个参数进行评分,并具体阐述了评分中所应注意的问题,在获得了DRASTIC模型的7个指标在研究区的评分图之后,利用GIS平台空间分析技术将7张评分图叠加,同时对7个指标按照各自的权重取其加权和,这样便得到了太原市盆地区浅层地下水脆弱性分区图,结果表明汾河沿岸和吴家堡工业区地下水脆弱性指数较高,在盆地两侧的黄土台塬区,地下水脆弱性评分为低或极低,评价模型能合理的反映太原市盆地区浅层地下水脆弱性的高低。研究结果可以为太原市土地利用规划、地下水水资源保护规划、地下水水质监测等提供参考,也可以提高公众关于地下水污染的风险意识。     

A GIS-based DRASTIC model for assessing aquifer vulnerability in Kakamigahara Heights, Gifu Prefecture, central Japan

Vulnerability assessment to delineate areas that are more susceptible to contamination from anthropogenic sources has become an important element for sensible resource management and land use planning. This contribution aims at estimating aquifer vulnerability by applying the DRASTIC model as well as utilizing sensitivity analyses to evaluate the relative importance of the model parameters for aquifer vulnerability in Kakamigahara Heights, Gifu Prefecture central Japan. An additional objective is to demonstrate the combined use of the DRASTIC and geographical information system (GIS) as an effective method for groundwater pollution risk assessment. The DRASTIC model uses seven environmental parameters (Depth to water, net Recharge, Aquifer media, Soil media, Topography, Impact of vadose zone, and hydraulic Conductivity) to characterize the hydrogeological setting and evaluate aquifer vulnerability. The western part of the Kakamigahara aquifer was dominated by "High" vulnerability classes while the eastern part was characterized by "Moderate" vulnerability classes. The elevated north-eastern part of the study area displayed "Low" aquifer vulnerability. The integrated vulnerability map shows the high risk imposed on the eastern part of the Kakamigahara aquifer due to the high pollution potential of intensive vegetable cultivation. The more vulnerable western part of the aquifer is, however, under a lower contamination risk. In Kakamigahara Heights, land use seems to be a better predictor of groundwater contamination by nitrate. Net recharge parameter inflicted the largest impact on the intrinsic vulnerability of the aquifer followed by soil media, topography, vadose zone media, and hydraulic conductivity. Sensitivity analyses indicated that the removal of net recharge, soil media and topography causes large variation in vulnerability index. Moreover, net recharge and hydraulic conductivity were found to be more effective in assessing aquifer vulnerability than assumed by the DRASTIC model. The GIS technique has provided efficient environment for analyses and high capabilities of handling large spatial data.     

Modeling and performance evaluation of shallow ground water heat pumps in Beijing plain, China

The use of groundwater for cooling and heating purposes is of interest from both the economical and the ecological perspective. The groundwater heat pump (GWHP) system utilizes groundwater as alternative renewable and clean energy source for space heating and/or cooling, withdraws water from a production well, passes it through a heat exchanger and discharges the water into an injection well. By utilizing the relatively stable temperature of groundwater, GWHP system can achieve a higher coefficient of performance. Due to the utilization of groundwater stored in the aquifer, the assessment of the hydraulic capacity of the aquifer based on numerical groundwater models is always needed for the optimum design and the efficient performance of GWHP. In this paper, numerical methods of underground heat-water transfer, energy balance method and thermal storage method were presented to calculate the capacity of unit area of shallow groundwater aquifer. The model results indicate that the numerical method, which is based on performance efficiency of GWHP, represents the behaviour of groundwater pumping/recharging processes, and serves better than energy balance method and thermal storage method, in addition it has been proven itself that this method has the advantages of energy saving and environmental protection. The calculated capacity is positively related to aquifer thickness. It is found that it is easy for ground water recharge in alluvial and pluvial fan located at the piedmont, while the calculated capacity is relatively smaller compared with that of south-east plain where it is not easy for groundwater recharge.     

VLDA模型及其在潜水脆弱性评价中的应用——以新疆焉耆县平原区为例

在地下水脆弱性评价的GOD法和DRASTIC模型的基础上,提出了VLDA模型,其中V为包气带岩性(1ithology of vadose zone)、L为土地利用方式(pattern of land use)、D为地下水埋深(groundwater depth)、A为含水层特征(aquifer characterist...     

考虑潜水的三维地下水流半解析数值方法

现有地下水半解析数值方法不能应用于潜水含水层的地下水流问题。为此,基于Neuman模型提出了潜水非稳定流的半解析数值求解格式,利用伽辽金法与正交解析函数族推导了解耦形式的加权余量方程式。在编制Fortran计算程序实现数值求解的基础上,利用已有解析解验证了方法及程序的正确性,计算结果很好地反映了潜水完整井流具有的三维流动特性及潜水面滞后反应效应,而且当忽略给水度时,该方法可以退化为针对承压含水系统的已有成果。数值算例表明,半解析数值方法适用于模拟包括潜水含水层、承压含水层及弱透水层的多层结构含水层系统的地下水流问题,能够为可概化成层状含水系统的地下水开采及地面沉降等问题中三维水流模型的高效计算提供途径。     

西安市地面沉降与地下水位动态监测信息管理系统应用研究

西安地面沉降是抽汲地下水诱发的城市环境地质问题。西安市地面沉降与地下水位动态监测信息管理系统紧密结合地面沉降与地下水监测的业务流程,利用计算机技术、数据库技术、GIS技术等,在网络化的计算机软硬件基础上,实现地面沉降与地下水位动态监测的科学化和自动化管理、模拟预测和可视化分析。本文概述了西安市地面沉降与地下水动态监测信息管理系统的设计和建立,着重阐述了系统的应用效果和发展展望等。为科学开发和合理利用地下水资源、有效地预防地面沉降及地裂缝的发展和政府决策提供了科学依据。     

Das Großraum-Grundwassermodell Rurscholle

A multilevel groundwater model was developed for the geological unit Rurscholle to forecast the impact of drainage from open pit mines on the groundwater balance and to evaluate measures to protect wetlands influenced by the drainage. The numerical model is based on a quasi-3D finite element scheme. Geological faults, wetlands, and the open pit mines are considered by a local mesh refinement. A special feature of the modelling of the open pit mines is the temporal change of the soil parameters caused by the mining process. The calibration challenges included the size of the modelling area and drainage wells with well filters in more than one aquifer. In order to reduce the number of calibration parameters, the soil parameters are divided into zones. The calibration results are presented and evaluated with examples.     

南非西格里夸兰盆地某铁锰矿水文地质条件及矿坑涌水量预测

矿坑涌水是矿坑地下开采面临的首要问题,南非西格里夸兰盆地某铁锰矿属于未开采矿山,主要含水层为第四系松散岩类孔隙水含水层和基岩裂隙含水层.第四系松散岩类孔隙水含水层接受大气降水的入渗补给,主要排泄方式为蒸发和向基岩裂隙含水层补给.基岩裂隙含水,主要接受大气降水和第四系松散岩类孔隙水含水层补给,并沿导水性较好的构造裂隙径流...