非晶硅薄膜晶体管聚合物发光二极管--用于未来的平板电视

近年来,PLED（聚合物发光二极管）和a-Si TFT（非晶硅薄膜晶体管）技术取得了巨大进展,两者的结合有望成为未来平板电视的主流.三星与杜邦公司已经研制成功14.1英寸的非晶硅薄膜晶体管聚合物发光二极管（a-Si TFT AM-PLED）全彩显示面板.本文介绍该a-Si TFTAMpLED的制作过程,讨论它独特的性能和成本优势,并分析未来平板电视的发展趋势.     

The flat panel's future

The development of active-matrix liquid crystal displays (AMLCDs) to overcome the limitations of passive LCDs is reviewed. The decision of video graphics adapter (VGA) versions of these displays, the market for these displays, and the companies involved in producing them are discussed. Two alternatives to AMLCDs, one involving a method for driving passive LCDs that would give them most of the benefits of active-matrix displays and the other involving standard passive-matrix color LCDs, are also discussed. The possibility of transferring LCD technology to the high-definition television (HDTV) market and the most likely candidate for that market, plasma display panels (PDPs), are examined     

Information Display Early in the 21st Century: Overview of Selected Emissive Display Technologies

Rapid advances in display technology over the past decade, in particular,have driven costs downward and spurred explosive growth worldwide in the demand for, and sales of, electronic equipment ranging from large screen televisions to mobile phones. Boasting a market well in excess of $79 billion in 2004,displays have surged to the forefront of the optoelectronics industry, largely on the strength of consumer sales. Flat panel technologies such as liquid crystal displays (LCDs) and plasma display panels (PDPs) now offer screens of unprecedented size but also brightness and contrast approaching or surpassing the quality afforded by the cathode ray tube (CRT). This brief review focuses on selected emissive display technologies:PDPs, field emission and surface-conduction electron emission displays, and microcavity plasma arrays. Spanning the range from mature, commercially developed displays to emerging concepts, these technologies underscore the growing importance of the display in consumer, commercial, and research applications for its critical role as an increasingly sophisticated interface between an electronic or electro-optical system and the user.     

Goodbye, CRT

With many developed countries going fully digital in the near future, the entire television landscape is expected to change dramatically in the next few years. Plasma and LCDs as well as several new technologies including the surface-conduction electron-emitter display (SED) are vying to replace the 100-year old CRT. After examining the advantages and disadvantages each of these new options, the paper predicts that LCD televisions will dominate by 2010     

高发光效率电视的竞争

从最关键的显示特性（发光效率）的角度逐一分析了当前相互竞争的LCD、CRT、PDP、投影技术、FED、SED以及OLED等主流显示技术，每种技术都有取得领先机会的优势，但究竟谁会最终胜出？     

无阈值铁电液晶

简要介绍铁电、反铁电液晶的发现、发展、显示应用中遇到的问题以及近来发展起来的无阈值铁电液晶的研究结果,最后讨论无阈值铁电液晶应用前景。     

Samsung's plasma displays barred from Japanese market

With global sales of large television sets soaring, competition among manufacturers of the largest TV screens-plasma display panels (PDPs)-is moving beyond the marketplace and into the courthouse and customs office. The impending legal action between Fujitsu and Samsung is an example of this.     

Color plasma displays

After decades of research and development, plasma displays are finally beginning to appear in the commercial and consumer markets. Following a short review on the basic principles of direct and alternating current plasma displays, we present a summary of the status of color plasma displays. Plasma display panels (PDPs) have finally achieved luminance and efficiency values on par with hi-definition cathode ray tube monitors. Additional improvements in performance will open up a new world of large PDP displays. Ultimately, what will drive the PDP market will be continued improvements in the performance of color PDPs themselves. PDP makers are working on reducing power consumption through improved luminous efficiency and improved component materials and manufacturing methods of color PDPs. With improvements in the cell structure and driving methods, there is a good prospect of achieving a luminous efficiency of 2-3 lm/W and a power consumption of about 200 W for 50-in diagonal size     

Dynamic Pixel Models for a‐Si TFT‐LCD and Their Implementation in SPICE

A dynamic analysis of an amorphous silicon (a‐Si) thin film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT‐LCD) pixel is presented using new a‐Si TFT and liquid crystal (LC) capacitance models for a Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis (SPICE) simulator. This dynamic analysis will be useful when predicting the performance of LCDs. The a‐Si TFT model is developed to accurately estimate a‐Si TFT characteristics of a bias‐dependent gate to source and gate to drain capacitance. Moreover, the LC capacitance model is developed using a simplified diode circuit model. It is possible to accurately predict TFT‐LCD characteristics such as flicker phenomena when implementing the proposed simulation model.     

Look, no glasses [3D display system]

Three-dimensional display systems generally require the user to wear special glasses. The author describes a research programme-aimed at providing a high-quality spectacle-free look into the third dimension. It is based on the Twin-LCD display concept developed by the Imaging Technology Department at Sharp Laboratories of Europe. The author describes how the Twin-LCD system works. It is based on two thin-film transistor (TFT) LCDs whose images are superimposed by a half-mirrored beam-combiner. The input optical arrangement creates two laterally displaced images at the nominal observer position. If an observer places an eye in a window, then an image from one of the LCDs can be seen. Each LCD panel displays one of the stereo pair images and so the observer sees the 3D image without the need for any special glasses     

驱动电子墨水电子纸的柔性TFT背板制造技术

基于电子墨水技术的电子纸是目前最有竞争力的类纸媒显示器。实现电子墨水电子纸的柔性是这项显示技术的关键之一。文章分析了当前电子墨水电子纸的主要研究方向,详细介绍了基于金属柔性基板的TFT制造技术、基于固定塑料基板的以激光释放塑基电子工艺(EPLaR)为代表的TFT制造技术、以激光退火表面释放技术(SUFTLA)为代表的TFT转移技术以及有机薄膜晶体管(OTFT)技术等4项柔性TFT背板的主要实现方法。对比了它们的材料选取,工艺特点和器件性能,分析了各项柔性TFT背板工艺的优缺点,提出了改进方向。     

New Sustain Waveform for Improving Luminous Efficiency in Wide-Gap Plasma-Display Panel

The three-electrode microdischarge characteristics of ac-plasma-display panels (PDPs) are analyzed with a wide sustain discharge gap of 180 mum. In particular, the luminous efficiency variation is examined as a parameter of the operating frequency. It is found that the luminous efficiency decreases with an increase in the operating frequency. In other words, a failure discharge mode for luminous efficiency occurs at a high frequency up to 200 kHz, originating from a self-erasing discharge and the space-charge behavior under high sustaining frequency conditions. Thus, based on an analysis of the failure mode of a wide-gap discharge, a new sustain waveform is proposed to improve the luminous efficiency at a high operating frequency. As a result of adopting the proposed sustain waveform, a luminous efficiency of 2.4 lm/W is obtained at a sustain voltage of 170 V in a 42-in high-definition wide-gap PDP.     

Revolution of the TFT LCD Technology

The introduction of flat panel displays that are fabricated with thin-film-transistor liquid-crystal displays (TFT LCDs) has changed human's lifestyle very significantly. Traditionally, the revolution of the TFT LCD technology has been presented by the timeline of product introduction. Namely, it first started with audio/video (AV) and notebook applications in the early 1990s, and then began to replace cathode-ray tubes (CRTs) for monitor and TV applications. Certainly, TFT LCDs will continue to expand in all areas of our daily life in the future. Here a new concept of the revolution of the TFT LCD technology is presented for the major TFT LCD makers. In this new concept, there are four waves of technology revolution with the following themes, respectively: 1) product introduction; 2) performance enrichment; 3) power and material utilization; and 4) functions for human interface. The role of the LCD-TV in the revolution is also discussed.     

平板显示技术的发展

介绍了平板显示发展动态,重点介绍液晶显示发展动态。TFT－LCD发展速度符合西村－北原规则,其规则指出TFT－LCD增长速度为3年增长4倍,其数值是玻璃基板尺寸增长速度为1.8倍／3年,屏幕尺寸增长速度为1.44倍／3年,分辨率增长速度为2.5倍／3年及灰度增长速度为1.7倍／3年等相乘而得的。该结果表明TFT－LCD增长速度相当于遵守摩尔规则的微电子发展速度。     

Optimization of electron beam focusing for gated carbon nanotube field emitter arrays

We fabricated gated field emitter arrays with a novel focusing structure of electron beams, where the focusing electrode concentrically surrounded each gate hole. Carbon nanotube emitters were screen printed inside an amorphous-Si concave well far below the gate. It was theoretically and experimentally verified that the concave well structure effectively focused the emitted electron beams to their designated phosphor pixels by modulating focusing gate voltages. For the vacuum packaged field emission displays with the pixel specification fitting high-definition televisions, color reproducibility of approximately 71% was achieved at the brightness of 400 cd/m/sup 2/.     

Electrical simulation of the flicker in poly-Si TFT-LCD pixels for the large-area and high-quality TFT-LCD development and manufacturing

In this paper, we present a new flicker evaluation model through the electrical simulation of the optical flicker phenomena in different kinds of poly-Si TFT-LCD arrays for the development and manufacturing of large-area and high-quality TFT-LCDs. We applied our flicker evaluation model to three different types of TFTs; excimer laser annealed (ELA) poly-Si TFT, silicide mediated crystallization (SMC) poly-Si TFT, and counter-doped lateral body terminal (LBT) poly-Si TFT. We compared the flicker quantitatively for these three different TFT-LCDs on 40 in. UXGA scale. We identified three major factors causing the flicker such as charging time, kickback voltage and leakage current, analyzed their relative contributions to the flicker, and evaluated the values of the flicker in decibel (dB) for the three different TFT-LCD arrays. In addition, we show that the flicker is very sensitive to the low-level (minimum) gate voltage due to the large leakage current of the poly-Si TFT, and the low-level gate voltage should be chosen carefully to minimize the flicker.     

多晶硅薄膜晶体管kink效应的建模

从kink效应产生的物理机理出发,介绍了目前国内外研究多晶硅薄膜晶体管kink电流所采用的两种主要方法.一种是基于面电荷的方法,另一种是基于求雪崩倍增因子的方法.kink效应具体表现为器件在饱和区跨导和漏电流的显著增加.在数字电路中,kink效应会引起功耗的增加和开关特性的退化;而在模拟电路中,kink效应将降低最大增益和共模抑制比.因此,多晶硅薄膜晶体管kink效应的研究对液晶显示的发展具有重大意义.     

Essential Considerations in Implementing the Smart Antenna System for Downlink Beamforming

This paper addresses some essential problems that have to be taken into consideration in implementing the smart antenna base station (SABS) for downlink beamforming. In order to provide proper downlink beamforming as well as uplink beamforming, a pragmatic procedure of automatic calibration is proposed. Through the experimental test, we confirm that the proposed calibration technique has eliminated the problem of the phase differences of the signal path associated with each antenna. Also, in this paper, we first analyze the multipath condition under which the auxiliary pilot becomes indispensable for detecting the data transmitted on the data channel and what happens if the auxiliary pilot is not available. Then, the performance of the downlink beamforming utilizing the auxiliary pilot is analyzed through the computer simulations. Finally, we present a comparison of downlink communications to uplink ones in terms of throughputs available at each of uplink and downlink communications. Weon-Cheol Lee received the B.S, M.S, and Ph.D. degree in Electronic Communication Engineering from Hanyang University, Korea, in 1992, 1994, 2005, respectively. From 1994 to 2000, he was with LG Electronic Inc., where he had worked for developing the digital VCR, digital cable modem, digital TV. Since 2001, he has been a professor with department of information and communications, Yong-in Songdam College, Korea. His research interests include smart antennas, mobile communications beyond the third generation, digital broadcasting technology, and communication signal processing. Dr. Lee also received the Best Research Paper Award and Excellent Research Engineer Award from LG Electronics, respectively. Seungwon Choireceived the BS degree from Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea, and the M.S. degree from Seoul National University, Korea, 1980 and 1982, respectively, both in electronics engineering, the MS degree (computer engineering) in 1985, and the PhD degree (electrical engineering), in 1988, both from Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY. From 1988 to 1989 he was with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering of Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, as an Assistant Professor. In 1989 he joined the Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, Korea. From 1990 to 1992 he was with the Communications Research Laboratory, Tokyo, Japan, as a Science and Technology Agency fellow, developing the adaptive antenna array systems and adaptive equalizing filters. He joined Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea, in 1992 as an assistant professor. He is a professor in the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering of Hanyang University. Since 2003, Dr. Choi has been serving as a Vice Chairman and the representative of the ITU region 3 for SDR (Software Defined Radio) Forum and as a Director of the HY-SDR Research Center, MIC, Korea. His research interests include digital communications and adaptive signal processing with a recent focus on the implementation of the smart antenna systems for both mobile communication systems and wireless data systems. Jae-Moung Kim received the BS degree from Hanyang University, Korea in 1974, the MSEE degree from University of Southern California, USA in 1981, and the PhD degree from Yonsei University, Korea in 1987. He was a Vice President of Radio {&} Broadcasting Technology Laboratory and Director of Satellite Communication System Department at Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI) from September 1982 to March 2003. Since April of 2003, he has been a Professor in the Graduate School of Information Technology and Telecommunications, Inha University. He is a board member of directors of Korean Institute of Communication Science (KICS), a Vice President of Korea Society of Broadcast Engineers (KOSBE) and a senior member of IEEE. His research background is telecommunication systems modeling and performance analysis of broadband wireless access systems, mobile communications, satellite communications and broadcasting transmission technologies.     

基于单片DMD的裸眼立体显示的实现方法研究

目前基于平板显示的立体显示设备有很多,比如等离子显示(PDP)和液晶显示(LCD).这些显示设备在超过 50 英寸时,价格都非常昂贵.本文提出了一种新的基于单片 DMD 的裸眼立体显示的实现方法.在分析DLP的显示原理和利用水平视差产生立体图像的机理以及系统构件(高压汞灯、色轮、数字微镜、透镜组、屏幕等)的传输特性的基础上,使用一种算法,在 FPGA 中把输入的视频图像分解为带有视差的图像序列,分别送到 DMD;同时产生视差同步信号,驱动执行部件.这样,在 DLP 显示屏前一定的区域内可以裸眼观察到立体图像.其特点是:单片 DMD 大屏幕显示;裸眼显示(不需佩戴特殊眼镜),立体景深可调;不损失器件的物理分辨率.     

A 1.3-Gsample/s interpolation with flash CMOS ADC based on active interpolation technique

In this paper, the design of a high-speed low-voltage CMOS interpolation with flash analog-to-digital converter (ADC) in CMOS 0.18-μm process is presented. The use of summing differential amplifiers operating in continuous time for interpolation and resistor averaging circuit have significantly improved the circuit’s linearity. The new interpolation technique has improved the pertinent phase delay problem of voltage interpolation enormously. A technique to reduce metastability errors in the Error Correction Circuitry is also presented. The circuit achieves a maximum sampling speed of 1.3 GHz. The measured signal-to-noise-plus-distortion ration (SNDR) is 32 dB at 500 MHz. Peak DNL and INL are less than 0.15 LSB and 0.35 LSB, respectively. This ADC consumes about 600 mW from 1.8 V at full speed. The chip occupies 0.56-mm² active area, prototyped in CMOS 0.18-μm technology. Shazia Seemi was born in New Delhi, India in 1976. She received Bachelor of Technology in Electronics and Communication from JMI University, New Delhi, India in 1998. From 1998 to 2000, she was working with NIIT as an Associate Engineer. She worked as a Software Engineer with Samsung Electronics in 2001. Currently she is a postgraduate student at the VLSI Research Group, Multimedia University, Malaysia, doing research in the area of CMOS high speed ADC design. Mohd Shahiman Sulaiman received the 1st. Class Honors, Co-op B.A.Sc. degree in Electrical Engineering and the M.A.Sc. degree in Electrical & Computer Engineering from the University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. He has worked in the area of low-power high-speed mixed-signal IC design since 1998. In 1998, he worked with the VLSI Research Group, University of Waterloo, Canada designing low-power PLL-based frequency synthesizer for Actel Corporation. In 1999, he worked with Actel Corporation in Sunnyvale, CA, USA designing an optimized clock network for Actel,s SX and SX-A anti-fused. Mohd S Sulaiman is currently a lecturer at the Faculty of Engineering, Multimedia University, Malaysia. He is a research associate for Intel Corporation (Malaysia) and Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd., Japan, as well as consultant for Multimedia Development Corp., Agilent Technologies, Telekom R&D, and PSDC, Malaysia as well as ActiveMedia Innovation Pte Ltd, Singapore. His current research work includes low-power high-performance integrated circuit design, low-power high-speed frequency synthesis techniques, signal integrity, and VLSI system design. He has authored/co-authored more than 30 international conference/journal papers on integrated circuit design and design automation. Arshad Suhail Farooqui was born in Aligarh, India in 1977. He received his Bachelor of Technology in Electronics and Communication from JMI University, New Delhi, India in 1998. From 1998 to 2000, he was working as an Embedded Software Engineer with Indusoft, Delhi, India. From 2000 to 2001, he was with Samsung Electronics, Bangalore, India, as a Senior Software Engineer. From 2002 to 2005, he was with Sires Labs Bhd., Cyberjaya, Malaysia as an ASIC Design Engineer. Arshad is a postgraduate student at the VLSI Research Group, Multimedia University working on high-speed clock and data recovery circuit.