二氰二胺和磷酸对大豆蛋白纤维的阻燃研究

本文分别用二氰二胺、磷酸以及二氰二胺和磷酸协同体系对大豆蛋白纤维(天鹅绒,38%大豆蛋白纤维/38%棉/24%涤纶)进行阻燃整理(主要对天鹅绒制品中的大豆蛋白纤维的处理),通过极限氧指数、剩炭率、热分析和扫描电子显微镜等分析方法对其阻燃性能进行研究,并用Broido方程计算其热降解活化能的变化。结果表明:与未经阻燃处理的大豆蛋白纤维相比,阻燃大豆蛋白纤维的极限氧指数、剩炭率均有所增加;热降解起始温度降低;热降解活化能减小;剩炭较为膨胀,其中经二氰二胺和磷酸协同体系处理后的样品阻燃效果最佳。     

三聚氰胺和磷酸对大豆蛋白纤维的阻燃研究

用三聚氰胺和磷酸协同体系对大豆蛋白纤维（天鹅绒,38％大豆蛋白纤维／38％棉／24％涤纶）进行阻燃处理（主要对天鹅绒制品中的大豆蛋白纤维的处理）,并采用了限氧指数（LOI）、剩炭率、热分析、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）等方法对处理前后大豆蛋白纤维的阻燃性能及其热降解机理进行了研究．对比未阻燃的样品,阻燃处理后的大豆蛋白纤维的剩炭率、氧指数升高,热降解起始温度降低,阻燃性得到明显改善．     

ZnO与Al(OH)3在阻燃软PVC中的协同阻燃消烟作用

研究了ZnO和Al(OH)3复合阻燃剂对软PVC的协同阻燃消烟作用.通过热分析的方法研究了阻燃处理后的软PVC从室温到800℃的热降解过程,用Kissinger方程给出了热降解反应的活化能,通过剩炭率的测定以及用电子扫描显微镜(SEM)对燃烧后所生成炭层的观察探讨了协同体系阻燃抑烟的机理.结果表明经阻燃处理的样品具有较高的极限氧指数(LOI)、剩炭率较低的烟密度等级(SDR)和最大烟密度(MSD),与未处理的样品相比具有较好的阻燃和消烟性能.加入适量的ZnO与Al(OH)3复合使用可明显地提高软PVC的LOI和剩炭率,降低材料的SDR和MSD.ZnO的加入可改变PVC的热降解过程,使起始降解温度降低并且使反应的活化能增大,可能属于固相Lewis酸催化机理.     

ZnO与Mg(OH)_2在软PVC中的协同阻燃消烟作用

用热分析的方法研究了ZnO和Mg(OH)2复合阻燃剂对软PVC的协同阻燃消烟作用,考察了经阻燃处理的软PVC从室温到800℃的热降解过程,用Kissinger方程给出了热降解反应的活化能。通过极限氧指数(LOI)、剩炭率、烟密度等级(SDR)和最大烟密度(MSD)的测定以及用电子扫描显微镜(SEM)对燃烧后所生成炭层的观察,探讨了协同体系阻燃抑烟的机理。结果表明:经阻燃处理的样品尤其是加入适量ZnO和Mg(OH)2复合阻燃剂的样品具有较高的极限氧指数(LOI)和剩炭率、较低的烟密度等级(SDR)和最大烟密度(MSD),与未处理的样品相比具有较好的阻燃和消烟性能。ZnO的加入可改变PVC的热降解过程,使起始降解温度降低,并且使反应的活化能增大,可能属于固相Lewis酸催化机理。     

SnO2与氢氧化物复合阻燃剂对软PVC的阻燃消烟作用

研究了SnO2和无机氢氧化物阻燃剂对软PVC的阻燃消烟作用。通过热分析的方法研究了阻燃处理后的软PVC从室温到800℃的热降解过程,通过剩炭率的测定以及用电子扫描显微镜(SEM)对燃烧后所生成炭层的观察探讨了不同体系的阻燃抑烟的机理。结果表明:经SnO2和氢氧化物复合阻燃处理的样品具有较高的极限氧指数(LOI)和剩炭率,烟密度等级(SDR)和最大烟密度(MSD)明显降低,与未处理的样品相比具有较好的阻燃和消烟性能。SnO2的加入可改变PVC的热降解过程,使起始降解温度降低,SnO2可能是在凝聚相和气相同时起作用,但主要是在凝聚相起Lewis酸催化作用。     

硅酸盐对软PVC阻燃性和热性能的影响

研究了硅酸盐对软聚氯乙烯(PVC)的阻燃作用。通过热分析法研究了经阻燃处理后软PVC从室温到800℃的热降解过程;通过剩炭率的测定,结合用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对样品燃烧后剩炭结构的观察,探讨了硅酸盐的阻燃机理。结果表明:经硅酸盐处理的样品具有较高的氧指数(OI)和剩炭率,与未处理的样品相比具有较好的阻燃性能。硅酸盐的加入可改变PVC的热降解过程,使起始降解温度降低,最大失重速率加快,硅酸盐对软PVC的阻燃主要是由于凝聚相的Lewis酸催化作用以及高温下生成的玻璃体对剩炭的保护作用造成的。     

阻燃羊毛纤维的热性能研究

用氟锆酸钾、有机二酸处理羊毛线、用热分析、剩碳率及氧指数等分析方法对其阻燃性进行了研究,并用Kissinger方程计算热降解反应活化能。实验证明：经过阻燃处理的羊毛毛线比未经阻燃处理的羊毛毛线的剩碳率、氧指数均有所提高,热降解反应活化能和热分解温度降低。     

树脂包覆法阻燃EPS泡沫塑料的制备及其燃烧性能的表征

探索了制备可发性聚苯乙烯(EPS)的工艺流程和参数,研究了三聚氰胺甲醛树脂(MF)预聚体包覆聚磷酸铵(APP)以及硼酸锌(ZB)对EPS泡沫的阻燃性能的影响,分别使用极限氧指数测试和热失重分析对其燃烧性能和热稳定性进行了表征。结果表明,包覆阻燃可以明显提高EPS泡沫塑料的阻燃性能,极限氧指数由18.0%提高到22.6%,残炭量提高了85.0%,遇火收缩的现象得到显著改善,燃烧速度可减小51.7%。加入ZB可以进一步提高成炭量和炭层的强度,从而进一步提高阻燃性能。     

无机金属氧化物复合羊毛纤维的阻燃机理研究

通过热分析、剩碳率、氧指数和扫描电镜对无机金属氧化物溶胶处理后的羊毛样品的热降解行为进行了表征,并对其阻燃机理作了初步探讨。结果表明,经过阻燃处理的羊毛其氧指数、剩碳率比未处理的羊毛升高,阻燃性明显增强。     

系列羟基锡酸盐对半硬质PVC的阻燃消烟作用

研究了系列羟基锡酸盐阻燃剂对半硬质PVC的阻燃消烟作用。通过对样品燃烧后剩炭含量及扫描电镜(SEM)分析,探讨了锡酸盐体系阻燃抑烟的机理。结果表明:经阻燃处理的样品具有较高的极限氧指数(LOI)和剩炭率,较低的烟密度等级(SDR)和最大烟密度(MSD),与未处理的样品相比具有较好的阻燃和消烟性能。由于阻燃剂的添加量较少,对材料力学性能影响不大。     

无卤阻燃聚乙烯醇缩甲醛纤维的制备与表征

以新戊二醇和三氯硫磷为原料,一步法合成了无卤膨胀型阻燃剂二硫代焦磷酸双新戊二醇酯(BGDTP);采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、核磁共振氢谱(~1H-NMR)对BGDTP的结构进行了表征。将BGDTP添加到聚乙烯醇(PVA)中进行共混纺丝,制备了阻燃聚乙烯醇缩甲醛(PVFM)纤维,并对其力学性能、阻燃性能和热性能进行了表征。结果表明:一步法合成BGDTP的收率为82%;随着纤维中BGDTP添加量的增加,PVFM纤维的极限氧指数(LOI)、高温下的最大分解速率温度和残炭量均增大,但其断裂强度略有下降;当w(BGDTP)为20%时,阻燃PVFM纤维的LOI为30.8%,断裂强度为5.42 cN/dtex,最大热分解温度和残炭率比纯PVFM纤维均有较大幅度增加,燃烧形成连续致密的膨胀炭层。     

Synergistic effect of phosphorus,nitrogen, and silicon on flame‐retardant properties and char yield in polypropylene

In this study, several flame retardants (FRs), containing phosphorus, nitrogen, and silicon, were synthesized. These synthesized FRs were blended with polypropylene (PP) to obtain mixture samples. The flame‐retardant properties of these mixture samples were estimated by the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value and thermal stabilities were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis. The LOI values of these samples were improved from 17.0 to 26.0 and the char yield increased from 0 to 27 wt %. A comparison of these samples, with respect to their LOI values and carbon yield, showed that the FRs, which simultaneously contained phosphorus, nitrogen, and silicon elements, can provide materials with the best flame‐retardant properties, suggesting that there is a synergistic effect among the three elements on the flame‐retardant properties and char yield when they are used in PP. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 854–860, 2005     

A formaldehyde‐free flame retardant wood particleboard system based on two‐component polyurethane adhesive

To address the problem of formaldehyde‐free flame retardation of wood particleboard, a novel phosphorus‐containing compound, di(2,2‐dimethyl‐1,3‐propanediol phosphate) urea (DDPPU) was synthesized. DDPPU was used as flame retardant for wood particleboard. The flammability of treated wood particleboard systems consisted of wood particles, polyurethane (PU) adhesive, and different flame retardant formulations were investigated by limiting oxygen index (LOI). The results of LOI indicate that DDPPU could improve the flame retardancy of wood particleboard. However, when H₃BO₃ was used as the second flame retardant component and combined with DDPPU, the flame retardant wood particleboard could obtain the highest LOI value (46.0) in these experiments. Thermogravimetric analysis shows that treated wood particleboard can decrease the initial decomposition temperature, and that at higher temperatures the degradation rate are lower than the untreated wood particleboard. Furthermore, wood particleboard treated with DDPPU/H₃BO₃ has a higher yield of residue char at 600°C than that treated with other flame retardant systems. The ability of char formation of these samples agrees with the order of LOI values. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

MPP无卤阻燃聚丙烯纤维的辐照改性研究

采用自制季戊四醇螺环磷酸酯双蜜胺盐(MPP)无卤阻燃剂与聚丙烯(PP)进行共混纺丝,制备了无卤阻燃PP纤维,采用低能电子辐照对无卤阻燃PP纤维进行改性,并对MPP的结构、PP纤维的力学性能及阻燃性能进行了表征。结果表明:自制MPP为预期结构;随着MPP含量的增加,PP纤维的极限氧指数(LOI)增大,但其断裂强度有所下降;MPP质量分数为8%时,纤维断裂强度为6.02 cN/dtex,LOI为24.5%;随低能电子辐照量的增大,MPP质量分数8%的阻燃PP纤维的LOI大幅度增加;当电子辐照量为200 kGy时,阻燃PP纤维的LOI为33.8%,断裂强度为3.08 cN/dtex,起始分解温度和残炭率比纯PP纤维均有较大幅度增加,燃烧形成连续致密的炭层。     

酚氧基环磷腈阻燃环氧树脂的热解过程研究

用自制六氯环三磷腈通过亲核取代反应制备了六（酚氧基）环三磷腈（HPCP）,并将HPCP与环氧树脂（EP）以不同比例共混,固化成型,采用氧指数仪和热质联用仪对其热性能和降解机理进行分析。结果表明,在EP中加入HPCP可提高材料的热解残炭率;当添加10份HPCP时,阻燃EP的极限氧指数可达27.0 %;HPCP的阻燃机理是其所含的氮磷2种元素的协效作用与自缩合放出H2O分子2种阻燃机理的共同作用。     

Flame Retardancy and Thermal Performance of Polypropylene Treated With the Intumescent Flame Retardant,Piperazine Spirocyclic Phosphoramidate

Piperazine spirocyclic phosphoramidate (PSP), a novel halogen‐free intumescent flame retardant, was synthesized and used to improve the flame retardancy and dripping resistance of polypropylene (PP) combined with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and a triazine polymer charring‐foaming agent (CFA). The optimum flame‐retardant formulation was PSP:APP:CFA = 3:6:2 (weight ratio). The flammability and thermal behavior of the (intumescent flame‐retardant)‐PP (IFR‐PP) were investigated via limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning tests (UL‐94), thermogravimetric analysis, and cone calorimetry (CONE). The results indicated that the IFR‐PP had both excellent flame retardancy and anti‐dripping ability. The optimum flame‐retardant formulation gave an LOI value of 39.8 and a UL‐94 V‐0 rating to PP. Moreover, both the heat release rate and the total heat release of the IFR‐PP with the optimum formulation decreased significantly relative to those of pure PP, according to the cone calorimeter analyses. The residues of IFR‐PP obtained after CONE tests were observed by scanning electron microscopy, and it was found that the char yield was directly related to the flame retardancy and anti‐dripping behavior of the treated PP. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 20:10–15, 2014. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers