独立式过冷循环对改善单级蒸气压缩制冷系统性能分析

过冷循环是改善单级蒸气压缩制冷系统性能的有效途径。本文以基加利修正案后可选替代制冷剂为分析对象,对带独立式过冷循环的单级蒸气压缩制冷循环的压缩机单位容积制冷量、压力比、排气温度、压缩机功耗、系统性能系数、损失和效率随蒸发温度的变化规律进行分析。结果表明:在固定蒸发温度和固定冷凝温度时,存在最佳过冷度Tsopt使系统COP最大。在最佳过冷度下,独立过冷循环使得系统的性能系数COP明显增大,采用独立过冷循环使R744提高性能效果最明显,R717增大幅度最小。13种不同的工质中,R600a、R152a、R161、R134a、R1234ze系统性能系数COP高于R22。独立过冷循环使系统压缩机总输入功W和损减少, 效率η_χ明显增大。文章揭示了不同工质在引入独立过冷循环的单级蒸气压缩式制冷循环的变化规律,为单级蒸气压缩式制冷循环性能改进提供参考。     

采用非共沸混合工质机械过冷的跨临界CO_2制冷循环性能分析

本文提出了非共沸混合工质机械过冷跨临界CO_2制冷循环。在最优排气压力和最优过冷度下循环取得最大COP。最大COP、最优排气压力和过冷度与混合制冷剂的温度滑移密切相关。当选取合理温度滑移的混合工质作为机械过冷循环的制冷剂时,可明显提升CO_2制冷循环能效,降低排气压力。与基本CO_2制冷循环相比,在蒸发温度为-40℃、环境温度为35℃时,采用R32/R152a(40/60)循环总COP可提升46.53%,CO_2排气压力可降低2.758 MPa。总COP的提升程度受混合制冷剂的温度滑移影响显著,推荐机械过冷循环使用温度滑移合理的混合制冷剂。在温暖和炎热的气候地区及冷冻冷藏等低温应用领域,采用非共沸混合制冷剂机械过冷跨临界CO_2制冷循环整体性能的提升更加显著。     

R404A直接接触凝结制冷循环的性能分析

提出R404A直接接触凝结换热的制冷循环,分析R404A直接接触凝结制冷循环的热力性能,并与常规双级压缩制冷循环的性能进行对比。得出结论:在一定的冷凝温度、蒸发温度和过冷液体的过冷度下,直接接触凝结制冷循环存在最佳的饱和液体温度,并在此最佳的饱和液体温度下,获得最优的性能和最小的冷凝热负荷,随着过冷液体的过冷度增大和蒸发温度升高,直接接触凝结制冷循环的性能系数增加、冷凝热负荷减少,获得最优性能的最佳饱和液体温度值提高。过冷液体的过冷度为25℃时,直接接触凝结制冷循环的最佳性能系数较双级压缩制冷循环的最佳性能系数提高6.2%。直接接触凝结制冷循环的最小冷凝热负荷较双级压缩制冷循环的最小冷凝热负荷减小1.8%。     

机械过冷CO_2跨临界制冷循环性能理论分析

采用蒸气压缩制冷循环(辅助循环)对CO_2跨临界制冷循环气体冷却器出口的CO_2流体进行冷却,可减小节流不可逆损失,提高循环性能。本文对机械过冷CO_2跨临界制冷循环进行热力学循环分析,结果表明:当在最优排气压力和最优过冷度两个参数条件下,循环存在最大COP。环境温度越高、蒸发温度越低,采用机械过冷方法使循环性能提升越显著,相对传统CO_2制冷循环,通过辅助循环可显著提高循环COP,降低CO_2排气压力和温度。相对CO_2压缩机,辅助循环压缩机的功耗较少。分析了辅助循环中采用11种不同制冷剂的性能,可得除R41外,其它10种工质对循环整体COP的提升程度差异不明显。综上所述,机械过冷CO_2跨临界制冷循环更适用于环境温度较高、蒸发温度较低的场合。     

R410A双级压缩热泵空调器的特性分析

针对空调器在夏季环境温度高,冬季环境温度低时制冷能力和制热能力不足的问题,提出采用双级压缩制冷循环的方案提高系统制冷量、制热量和制冷COP、制热COP。选择制冷剂R410A,双级循环为一级节流中间不完全冷却的方式进行比较和分析,计算得到单级和双级压缩制冷循环的性能参数变化特征;并说明了该循环最佳中间温度和单机两级压缩机配比的合理选择。     

R290直接接触冷凝制冷循环性能分析对比

本文分析了R290直接接触冷凝(DCC)制冷循环的性能,并与R290常规单级压缩制冷循环的热力性能进行对比,得出:在最佳主循环冷凝温度下,R290直接接触冷凝制冷循环可获得最大性能系数和最低冷凝器热负荷。主循环过冷液体的过冷度增大,最优性能系数降低、最低冷凝器热负荷增加、蒸发器的制冷剂质量流量减少,同时,获得最优性能系数和最低冷凝器热负荷的最佳主循环冷凝温度升高。当蒸发温度为-15～-6℃,R290直接接触冷凝制冷循环相比R290单级压缩制冷循环的性能系数提高了7.5%～14.9%,冷间供冷设备蒸发器的制冷剂质量流量减少了26.5%～36.7%,冷凝器热负荷减少了1.5%～3.7%。结果表明R290直接接触冷凝制冷循环具有很好的发展前景。     

R404A单机双级与R404A/R23复叠式制冷系统对比分析

通过建立双级压缩制冷系统和复叠式压缩制冷系统热力学模型,在冷凝温度40℃,蒸发温度为-65℃条件下,分析不同的中间温度对两种制冷系统压缩机轴功率,制冷剂流量以及制冷系数等性能参数的影响,并对两种制冷系统的实际运行费用进行了比较。结果表明:在相同的工况下,双级压缩式压缩机轴功率、R404A制冷剂质量流量低于复叠式;而双级压缩制冷系统COP(制冷性能系数)高于复叠式。在冷凝温度为40℃,蒸发温度为-65℃,中间温度为-14℃时,与复叠式制冷系统相比双级压缩式制冷系统全年运行节能可达13%。理论研究表明在-65℃的超低温工况下,双级压缩式制冷系统更具有优势。     

CO2低温制冷循环热力学分析

通过对CO2单级压缩和双级压缩制冷循环的热力学分析得出,在一定的蒸发温度和冷凝温度下,CO2单级压缩制冷循环的COP比CO2双级压缩制冷循环的COP低、压差大、压比高.因此,CO2低温制冷循环系统应采用双级压缩制冷循环,为提高CO2双级压缩制冷循环的循环效率,应尽可能升高蒸发温度、降低冷凝温度,可以看出自然工质CO2双级压缩制冷循环有很好的发展前景.     

二甲醚作为冰箱制冷剂的理论分析

对二甲醚（DME）用作冰箱制冷剂进行理论分析，比较制冷剂DME与冰箱制冷剂HFC134a和HC600a的基础热物理性质。对它们的冰箱标准工况制冷循环性能和变工况制冷循环性能进行理论计算及分析。分析表明：制冷剂DME的制冷性能与HFC134a和HC600a的制冷性能基本相似，性能系数（COP）却优于HFC134a和HC600a。并且，二甲醚具有环保、无毒和与材料兼容的特点。因此，二甲醚适合做新一代的冰箱制冷剂。     

CO2跨临界双级压缩带膨胀机制冷循环研究

摘要针对CO2制冷能效低的特点,本文建立了双级压缩带膨胀机CO2跨临界制冷循环热力学模型,在考虑实际循环中不可逆损失因素影响在基础上,对循环进行了性能系数、热力学完善度和单位制冷量炯损失等指标进行了分析计算,并与双级压缩节流膨胀CO2跨临界制冷回热循环和R22简单制冷循环进行了比较。     

Performance simulations of twin-screw compressors with economizer

In a compressor refrigeration plant with an economizer system, the regular expansion valve is replaced by two valves and an intermediate pressure vessel. The refrigerant which is vaporized after the first valve is injected via the compressor economizer inlet to a thread under compression. The economizer arrangement increases the refrigeration capacity and improves the coefficient of performance (COP). In this paper a performance simulation computer program for twin-screw compressors with an economizer arrangement is presented. Comparisons of economizer performance for different arrangements are often difficult to carry out if real tests have not been run, as the performance is dependent on the intermediate pressure and this pressure is not the same for different arrangements. Such comparisons can be made with the simulation program. Examples are presented for an economizer arrangement combined with external liquid subcooling and for a two-stage economizer arrangement.     

梯级吸排气循环理论及应用

为了提升蒸气压缩式制冷/热泵装置的能效,提出了一种新循环——梯级吸排气循环.通过设置数个具有一定梯度的吸排气压力,实现制冷剂对换热流体温度的梯形逼近,有效减小蒸发器与冷凝器的传热不可逆损失,同时降低循环压比.梯级吸排气循环的实际节能效果受多种因素影响,研究表明:换热流体温度变化幅度以及蒸发器与冷凝器传热能力强弱对其节能...     

A comparison of refrigerants in a two-stage ejector-expansion transcritical refrigeration cycle based on exergoeconomic and environmental analysis

A comprehensive energy, exergy, exergoeconomic and environmental comparison between carbon dioxide, ethane and nitrous oxide as the refrigerants of a two-stage ejector-expansion transcritical refrigeration cycle is carried out. All of the obtained results are attained by optimizing COP subject to gas cooler and intercooler pressures in different values of gas cooler and evaporator temperatures. It is observed that the compressors operating pressure and temperature levels in the cycle for ethane are lower than other refrigerants, which leads to higher system safety and lifetime. Furthermore, the highest COP and exergy efficiency in a wide range of gas cooler temperature belongs to the ethane. The nitrous oxide refrigerant has the lowest product unit cost, which is about 4.2% lower than that of the ethane refrigerant with the highest product unit cost. Therefore, ethane is the most preferable refrigerant from energy and exergy aspects and nitrous oxide is suitable based on exergoeconomic viewpoint.     

Analysis and optimisation of different two-stage transcritical carbon dioxide cycles for heating applications

Increased interest in the environmental impact of refrigeration technology is leading toward design solutions aimed at improving the energy efficiency and use of eco-friendly refrigerants with low GWP. The aim of this paper is to theoretically analyse R744 air to water heat pump cycles for heating applications up to 80 °C. This work studies the following cycle configurations: two-stage with injection (with and without intermediated cooling between compressors) and a single-stage circuit coupled with an auxiliary circuit. Internal heat transfer among the different streams of refrigerant is included, and the cycles have been optimised with regards to COP in terms of the intermediate conditions and gas cooler pressure. Finally, these cycles have been compared and analysed among each other and with a subcritical injection cycle working with R134a and a single-stage R744 cycle. The improved cycle with R744 can represent a global improvement of 15% in terms of COP.     

水作为制冷剂的透平冷水机组研究现状(二)

水是一种古老的制冷剂,至今仍使用在溴化锂吸收式制冷机中和蒸气喷射式制冷机中,但被认为不适合在蒸气压缩式制冷机中使用。自从科学家们发现CFCs和HCFCs制冷剂对大气臭氧层的破坏作用和产生全球气候变暖效应以后,这些CFCs和HCFCs制冷剂在大型透平冷水机组中将被淘汰使用。在寻求新的替代制冷剂时,水重新引起了人们的关注。本文综述使用水作为制冷剂在大型透平冷水机组中应用的研究和开发现状,包括制冷循环的COP分析,透平压缩机的结构和设计,以及三孔口冷凝波转子系统。     

水作为制冷剂的透平冷水机组研究现状(一)

水是一种古老的制冷剂,至今仍使用在溴化锂吸收式制冷机中和蒸气喷射式制冷机中,但被认为不适合在蒸气压缩式制冷机中使用.自从科学家们发现CFCs和HCFCs制冷剂对大气臭氧层的破坏作用和产生全球气候变暖效应以后,这些CFCs和HCFCs制冷剂在大型透平冷水机组中将被淘汰使用.在寻求新的替代制冷剂时,水重新引起了人们的关注.本文综述使用水作为制冷剂在大型透平冷水机组中应用的研究和开发现状,包括制冷循环的COP分析,透平压缩机的结构和设计,以及三孔口冷凝波转子系统.     

Characteristics of Voorhees refrigerating machine with hermetic piston compressor producing refrigeration at one or two temperature levels

Research on the operation of the refrigerating machine working on the Voorhees cycle which permits two-stage compression in a single-cylinder compressor has been carried out. The purpose of this research was to study the possibilities of using the Voorhees machine in a domestic refrigerator for production of refrigeration at one or two temperature levels. The experiments were carried out on the basis of a small hermetic lubricated compressor with a low refrigerating capacity operating on a commonly used R12 and natural refrigerant isobutane R600a. The improved refrigerating capacity in the Voorhees cycle with isobutane makes the latter an alternative substitute for conventional refrigerants. Some peculiarities in the operation of a hermetic piston compressor as part of the Voorhees refrigerating machine have been revealed. They require the use of a compressor developed specially for the Voorhees cycle. The method of optimizing the cycle parameters for a one temperature refrigerating system is suggested in this paper. The research carried out proved that the optimum intermediate pressures of the Voorhees refrigerating machine producing refrigeration either at one or two temperature levels are different.     

两级复叠低温制冷机组制冷剂的替代

对应用于两级复叠制冷的工质对R22/R13及其替代物R404A/R23的基本物性参数进行了分析对比,针对采用替代制冷剂后制冷系统在设计中需要注意的一些问题进行了探讨.通过实验测试,对复叠制冷系统在采用两种不同工质对后的压比、制冷量及COP等循环性能进行了比较,结果证明,采用R404A/R23作为替代制冷剂是可行的.