壁面滑移条件下UHMWPE单螺杆挤出过程有限元模拟

在壁面滑移条件下建立了超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)单螺杆挤出过程有限元模型,模拟了不同滑移系数对挤出成型过程的影响。由Navier线性滑移定律建立了螺杆壁面熔体所受剪切应力与熔体滑移速度之间的关系,基于Polyflow软件,采用不同滑移系数对单螺杆计量段内UHMWPE熔体的三维等温流动开展了有限元模拟,获得了熔体的速度、压力的分布规律。结果表明:滑移系数增大,沿着螺槽方向的速度和垂直于螺槽方向的速度明显增大,螺杆的均化质量和挤出产量明显提高;但熔体在螺槽间的压力降增大,易导致挤出过程不稳定。     

超高摩尔质量聚乙烯薄膜挤出成型有限元模拟

建立了超高摩尔质量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)薄膜熔体挤出成型有限元模型,采用鱼尾式机头设计了厚度为1mm、幅度为100 mm的UHMWPE薄膜挤出模具,基于有限元软件Polyflow对挤出流道内熔体的流动开展了有限元模拟,采用不同几何模型分别获得了流道内熔体速度和压力的分布规律。分析了有无阻流块、有无稳流区和不同长度成型区对流动的影响,获得了阻流块高度、稳流区长度、成型区长度对挤出成型的影响规律和影响效果,对UHMWPE薄膜挤出口模设计给出了建议。     

PE-UHMW异型材挤出成型有限元模拟与实验制备

根据生产需求,设计了3字形超高分子量聚乙烯(PE-UHMW)异型材挤出成型流道,并建立了该异型材挤出成型有限元模型,应用有限元软件Polyflow对挤出流道内的熔体流动情况进行了有限元模拟,分析了不同壁面滑移系数、压缩比、压缩角对成型过程的影响,预测了在成型过程中不同参数可能导致的缺陷。结果表明,当模具压缩比与压缩角分别为2.5和25°、壁面滑移系数为5×106情况下,可获得较好的压力与速度分布,应用优化后的挤出模具制备了合格的PE-UHMW异型材。     

壁面滑移对两种聚合物熔体共挤出影响的数值研究

在壁面滑移的边界条件下,利用聚合物流体计算软件包POLYFLOW对两种熔体的二维等温共挤出进行了数值模拟.在两侧壁面滑移系数相同和两侧壁面滑移系数不同这两种情形下分别计算了共挤出流动的速度场、压力场、黏度场及剪切速率场,讨论了壁面滑移对共挤出流场、界面形状和挤出胀大的影响.模拟结果表明：当两侧壁面滑移情况相同时,滑移系数越大,界面偏移越大,熔体胀大率增大;当两侧壁面滑移情况不同时,滑移系数相差越大,界面偏移越大,滑移系数小的一侧熔体挤出胀大显著.     

壁面滑移条件下聚合物微共挤成型机理探究

基于壁面滑移条件，建立了微小流道内聚合物黏弹三维共挤出流动模型，并运用有限元方法对流动模型进行了模拟计算。为探究壁面滑移条件下聚合物熔体工艺条件和物性参数对成型的影响，分别设置芯、壳层熔体不同的流率比和黏度比，通过分析流道内外的熔体速度分布及层间界面形貌，探究了无滑移和完全滑移两种壁面条件下，熔体流率和黏度对聚合物微共挤成型层间界面的影响规律。结果表明，无滑移壁面条件下，熔体层间界面不稳定，口模内和口模外界面均发生偏移，且在口模出口处发生突变，熔体离开口后存在胀大和变形现象，其胀大和变形程度随着熔体入口流率比和黏度比的变化而变化；完全滑移壁面条件下，口模内熔体层间界面发生偏移，但口模外界面稳定，不存在挤出胀大和变形，且不受熔体入口流率比和黏度比的影响，这对实现聚合物微复合制品的精密成型具有重要意义。     

L形异型材口模气辅挤出成型过程的计算机数值模拟

以L形异型材聚合物气辅挤出为例,建立了气辅挤出成型过程的理论模型,运用Polyflow软件对挤出成型过程进行了计算机数值模拟研究。结果表明,采用气辅挤出成型通过在口模内壁形成气垫膜层,使熔体在口模内的挤出过程由非滑移黏着剪切挤出转化为完全滑移非黏着剪切挤出,极大降低了口模壁面对挤出熔体的摩擦阻力,熔体的挤出速度趋于一致,剪切速率降低为零,可有效减小挤出胀大现象,应力得到松弛,从而达到简化口模设计,提高挤出制品质量,实现高速精密挤出成型的目的。     

TPU流变性能测试及胶片挤出过程模拟仿真

利用高压毛细管流变仪对热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(TPU)熔体的流变性能进行测试分析,建立相应的熔体本构方程。利用polyflow软件对TPU熔体在经过优化的衣架型口模内的流动情况进行模拟分析,以检验所用口模的性能,同时采用广义Navier滑移模型分析不同滑移系数对流动状态的影响。结果表明,Bird-Carreau模型可以准确描述TPU熔体的流动行为。在不同温度下,TPU熔体在模拟所用的衣架型口模中均能实现均匀挤出,并且挤出过程接近壁面无滑移情况。     

鱼尾型片材机头内熔体流动的三维有限元模拟

利用ANSYS和MATLAB软件，对鱼尾型片材机头流道内熔体的速度、压力和剪切应力的分布进行三维有限元模拟和分析。通过对机头流道不同截面处熔体场量分布的模拟，探知了熔体在流道内的运动规律及特点，对口模设计具有一定的指导作用。     

聚合物挤出口模设计的数值研究进展

综述了国内外数值研究聚合物挤出口模设计的进展。在壁面无滑移条件下,早期数值模拟了聚乙烯、硬质聚氯乙烯、聚丙烯、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯、聚苯乙烯、橡胶等聚合物口模挤出过程,优化设计了棒材、管材、板材和异型材的挤出口模。近年来,数值研究壁面滑移条件和工艺条件对口模流道内熔体流场的影响,深入研究制品的离模膨胀行为。研究表明,改善壁面条件有助于减小聚合物制品的离模膨胀比,有利于提高制品品质。     

挤出微压印熔体充模流动可视化实验

挤出微压印是高效、精确连续制备具有微结构制品的有效方法。基于Navier-Stokes方程建立挤出微压印充模过程速度模型。结合Navier滑移定律分析微尺度下挤出微压印充模过程填充流动壁面滑移问题。同时,设计微压印熔体充模流动可视化实验装置,以羧甲基纤维素(CMC,carboxyl methyl cellulose),简称为实验材料,选用直径0.1~0.5 mm的毛细管作为微流道,对挤出微压印充模流动进行实验研究,并将速度实验值与理论计算值相比较,验证微尺度下壁面滑移对压印填充流动的影响。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。