一种新的基于双混沌系统的图像加密方案

提出了一种新的基于双混沌系统的图像加密方案。把Chen’s系统和Logistic映射结合起来产生随机性更加良好的三维混沌密钥序列,并从密钥序列中通过采样提取出新的用于加密的序列。提出了图像置乱算法和替代加密算法,利用Logistic映射产生的一维混沌序列来实现像素位置的置乱,像素值加密算法采用按分组进行加密和二次加密来对像素值进行加密。通过实验测试表明：算法具有良好的像素值混淆和扩散性能,有较强的抗统计攻击的能力和足够大的密钥空间,加密图像像素值具有类随机均匀分布特性,且相邻像素具有零相关特性。这些结果表明了所提出方案有很高的安全性。     

基于多维混沌系统组合的图像加密新算法

提出了基于多维混沌系统同时对图像像素位置置乱和像素值加密的新算法。利用广义Arnold映射对图像像素位置进行置乱;利用三维Liu混沌系统产生的混沌序列得到整数密钥序列,对置乱图像像素值逐个进行加密。实验表明这种加密算法具有密钥空间大、安全性高的优越性,加密图像像素值具有类随机均匀分布特性,相邻像素具有零相关特性。     

基于多混沌映射算法的图像可逆化加密仿真

原图像经过对矩阵元素随机打乱可得到加密图像,加密后的图像可以有效防止已知攻击。可逆映射可以高效地实现像素置乱,但由于离散混沌序列的初始条件较为敏感,因此像素扩散置乱难度较大。为此提出基于多混沌映射算法的图像可逆化加密方法,在图像加密过程中,采用扩散置乱和Arnold变换置乱图像,通过Logistic映射系统和Chen系统生成离散混沌序列,置乱后图像中红、绿、蓝三基色分别执行异或运算,从而输出加密图像。在图像解密过程中,分别对扩散置乱、Arnold变换以及图像加密执行逆映射,输出解密图像,完成图像可逆化加密。实验结果表明,所提方法密钥敏感性和原图与解密图像像素值分布更均匀、相邻像素相关性更低,鲁棒性更强。     

基于Logistic与标准映射的数字图像加密算法

基于Logistic和标准映射,提出了新的数字图像加密算法。首先利用离散混沌系统初值敏感性、参数敏感性和具有白噪声统计特性的特点,结合Logistic映射和标准映射设计了置乱变换系统,这种置乱是依赖于密钥的。接着通过一种替代变换使置乱后图像的像素灰度值改变并产生互相依赖,即将每一像素值扩散到其它像素中去。这样,加密算法便具有置乱、替代、扩散等加密系统的基本要素。实验仿真和分析表明,该算法密钥空间大,易于实现,有较好的加密效果和统计特性。     

基于混沌映射的图像快速加密改进算法

针对当前的三维混沌映射加密算法存在安全性不高,加密速度慢以及密钥空间小等不足,提出了一种新的三维混沌映射图像加密算法;首先利用快速置乱方法置乱初始图像,以改变像素位置;利用三维Chen系统结合像素值变换函数所生成初始外部密钥迭代三维混沌映射,得到一个序列,由此根据混淆机制对置乱图像像素值进行混淆;改变外部密钥,再迭代计算三维混沌映射,得到三元一维伪随机数组,借助密钥流机制量化该数组,得到新数组,由此根据扩散机制对混淆后的像素进行扩散处理;采用酷睿3.5GHz双核CPU的PC机和MATLAB仿真平台,输入256×256的明文图像实验,置乱100次所用时间为78.67s,在灰度平面内其相关性约为-0.001 652,表明该算法高度安全,密钥空间巨大,加密速度快,用于图像快速加密是可行、有效的。     

二次广义cat映射的混合混沌图像加密算法

针对混沌图像加密的特点,为了提高加密的效果,提出了一种二次广义猫映射的混合混沌加密算法。该方法首先利用广义cat映射对像素点进行多次迭代,然后再利用广义cat映射进行多次置乱,并且置乱的次数与图像本身的像素值密切相关。再用广义Henon映射产生的混沌序列与置乱后图像进行扩散加密运算。实验和仿真结果表明该算法克服了以往算法不能抵抗选择明（密）文攻击的缺陷,并且有效解决了混沌系统随机性差、熵攻击、控制参数少等问题。同时具有密钥空间大,加密算法简单,能够较好地抵抗差分攻击、统计特性分析的优势,安全性高,加密效果好。     

基于高维混沌系统组合的图像加密新算法

提出了一种基于高维混沌系统组合的图像加密算法。该算法首先利用广义猫映射对图像进行置乱,然后利用Lorenz系统对置乱后的图像进行替代变换。研究结果表明,该算法具有良好的像素值混淆、扩散性能和较大抵抗强力攻击的密钥空间,加密图像像素值具有类随机均匀分布特性,且相邻像素的值具有零相关特性。这些结果表明所提出的方案具有较高安全性。     

混沌映射和流密码结合的图像加密算法仿真

为了有效改进彩色图像加密的效果和安全性,在对采用混沌映射的图像加密算法研究的基础上,提出一种结合混沌映射和流密码的彩色图像加密算法。加密过程采用置乱-扩散结构:在置乱阶段首先根据输入图像初始化Kent混沌系统,再利用Kent混沌系统生成ZUC-256流密码算法的初始密钥和初始向量,ZUC-256算法随后生成随机序列对彩色图像进行R、G、B三轮像素值置乱。在扩散阶段同时使用Kent混沌系统和ZUC-256流密码算法生成的随机序列对输入图像的像素值进行扩散。仿真结果显示,提出的算法具有加密算法简单、密钥空间大等特点,能较好地抵抗差分分析攻击、统计特性攻击。     

复合级联混沌的彩色图像加密算法

分析了目前基于混沌系统的彩色图像加密算法,其中发现在混沌彩色图像加密过程中安全性方面的不完善,并在此基础上提出了一种新型的基于级联混沌的多重像素置乱彩色图像加密算法。该算法采用了Kent-Logistic的级联混沌与Henon离散混沌的复合系统,同时结合Arnold映射和像素排列切割的多重像素置乱方法,使得图像像素值和像素位置全盘置乱扩散,从而达到明文图像信息完全隐藏的密文效果。仿真实验表明,该算法不仅能有效抵抗选择明文（密文）攻击、统计特性分析、差分攻击,而且还具有加密效果好、密钥空间大等优点。     

基于三维的多混沌JPEG图像加密算法

描述了基于三维的多混沌系统的图像加密算法。该算法利用多种混沌加密系统把图像切分成三维矩阵系统,在三维空间里对图像置乱变换,然后由多个混沌系统输出的三维混沌序列分别实现空域彩色图像三基色逐像素替代变换。研究结果表明,该算法具有良好的像素值混淆、扩散性能和较大的抵抗强力攻击的密钥空间,加密图像像素值具有类随机均匀分布特性,且相邻像素的值具有零相关特性,证明了所提出方案具有较高的安全性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。