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为了实现煤基液体各组分利用价值最大化,本文综述了离子液体和低共熔溶剂对组分组成复杂的煤基液体进行高效萃取分离的研究进展。首先介绍了离子液体和低共熔溶剂的性质及分类;其次根据分离目标的不同,将离子液体和低共熔溶剂对煤基液体典型组分的萃取分离分为四个方面进行阐述:煤基液体提酚、燃料油萃取脱硫、燃料油萃取脱氮、芳烃和脂肪烃的分离。分析表明,离子液体和低共熔溶剂对实际煤基液体的提酚效果较好,能分离出绝大多数的酚类化合物;燃料油萃取脱硫时,离子液体和低共熔溶剂对实际煤基液体的单次脱硫率均不高,需3~5次重复萃取后才能获得理想效果;燃料油中的碱性及非碱性含氮化合物很难被同一种离子液体或低共熔溶剂一次性分离出,导致实际油品的脱氮率较低;大多数离子液体和低共熔溶剂进行芳烃和脂肪烃的分离时不能获得理想的分配系数和选择性,尚无法用于实际芳烃和脂肪烃的分离。氢键、π-π、CH-π、范德华力等分子间相互作用的差异是实现离子液体或低共熔溶剂进行煤基液体典型组分分离的主要原因。依据分离对象,设计合适的离子液体和低共熔溶剂,提高实际煤基液体分离时的萃取率和选择性;分析并解决离子液体和低共熔溶剂用于实际煤基液体各组分分离时可能出现的问题,势必会推进煤基液体高值化分离的工业化进程。 相似文献
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低碳烯烃/烷烃的高效分离是石油化工领域可持续发展的关键过程之一,传统的低温精馏过程选择性低、能耗大。离子液体作为一种结构可调的绿色溶剂为低碳烃的高效分离提供了新的思路。本文综述了近年来国内外离子液体在低碳烯烃/烷烃分离中的研究进展,总结了常规离子液体、功能化离子液体以及含过渡金属的离子液体在低碳烯烃/烷烃分离中的应用,阐明了离子液体中阴阳离子、功能化基团、过渡金属与低碳烯烃相互作用的机理,着重介绍了合成金属功能化离子液体、添加金属盐、添加金属纳米粒子3种向离子液体中引入过渡金属方式的特点以及过渡金属的种类、比例,有机配体的类型对离子液体烯烃/烷烃分离性能的影响,并探讨了该方向的研究和发展趋势。 相似文献
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离子液体是一种结构可调的绿色溶剂,在催化、分离和电化学等领域具有广泛应用,特别是在有机物萃取分离方面,由于其低挥发性及功能可调,避免了传统有机溶剂可能导致的VOCs二次污染,有望成为绿色高效的新型萃取剂。本文系统地综述了离子液体在萃取分离烃类化合物、有机酸、醇类、酚类以及天然产物中的应用研究进展,详细论述了离子液体萃取分离有机物的萃取机理和影响因素,离子液体与溶质分子之间强的氢键、π-π、范德华力以及静电作用使其具有良好的萃取分离能力,表明离子液体是一类可替代有机溶剂实现高效萃取分离有机化合物的潜在溶剂。针对实际工作应用,还需解决其高黏度、高成本等问题,此外萃取后离子液体的回收仍是其大规模应用而需要亟待解决的难题。 相似文献
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复合萃取剂包括传统复合溶剂和新型复合溶剂。前者是有机溶剂与有机溶剂或无机盐的复配,后者则是不同种类的离子液体复配,它们不仅具有对芳烃的溶解性好、选择性高的优点,而且萃取后,萃余油的收率相对较高,已经成为继单一萃取剂用于油品(石脑油、重整汽油和模拟油等)脱芳烃研究之后又一新的研究热点。本文综述了国内外脱芳烃复合萃取剂的研究进展,重点介绍了两类复合萃取剂(萃取剂与醇类、胺类溶剂或无机盐复配和离子液体复配)在油品萃取脱芳烃中的应用;根据复合萃取剂中助萃取剂的种类不同,对用于萃取脱芳烃的复合萃取剂进行了分类总结;介绍了不同种类的萃取剂复配与不同种类的离子液体复配的研究进展;最后指出复合萃取剂在分离芳烃应用中具有选择性高、分配系数高、操作工艺简单有效且成本低廉等优点,是工业上萃取脱芳烃今后的发展趋势。 相似文献
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G. Wytze Meindersma Anita Podt Marianne B. Klaren Andr B. de Haan 《Chemical Engineering Communications》2006,193(11):1384-1396
Naphtha cracker feeds may contain 10-25 wt% aromatic compounds. Removal of these aromatic compounds from the feed to the cracker would offer several advantages: higher capacity, higher thermal efficiency, and less coke formation. In this work, we investigated the separation of toluene from heptane by extraction with ionic liquids.
Several ionic liquids are suitable for extraction of toluene from toluene/heptane mixtures. The selectivities for the aromatic/aliphatic hydrocarbon separation with all ionic liquids tested increase with decreasing aromatic content in the feed. The toluene/heptane selectivities at 10% toluene in the feed at T = 40°C and 75°C with several ionic liquids ([emim]HSO4, [mmim] methylsulfate, [emim] ethylsulfate, [bmim]BF4, [emim] tosylate, [mebupy]BF4, and [mebupy] methylsulfate) are a factor of 1.5-2.5 higher than those obtained with sulfolane, which is a conventional solvent for the extraction of aromatic hydrocarbons from a mixed aromatic/aliphatic hydrocarbon stream. The three most suitable ionic liquids from the ionic liquids tested for the separation of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons are [mebupy]BF4, [mebupy]CH3SO4, and [bmim]BF4 and at 75°C also [emim] tosylate. The ionic liquid [mebupy]BF4 is selected for further testing in our extraction pilot plant.
Because ionic liquids have a negligible vapor pressure, evaporating the extracted hydrocarbons from the ionic liquid phase could achieve the recovery of the ionic liquid. A conceptual process scheme for the extraction has been set up. Preliminary calculations show that both the investment costs and the energy costs will be considerably lower with ionic liquids than with sulfolane as the solvent. 相似文献
Several ionic liquids are suitable for extraction of toluene from toluene/heptane mixtures. The selectivities for the aromatic/aliphatic hydrocarbon separation with all ionic liquids tested increase with decreasing aromatic content in the feed. The toluene/heptane selectivities at 10% toluene in the feed at T = 40°C and 75°C with several ionic liquids ([emim]HSO4, [mmim] methylsulfate, [emim] ethylsulfate, [bmim]BF4, [emim] tosylate, [mebupy]BF4, and [mebupy] methylsulfate) are a factor of 1.5-2.5 higher than those obtained with sulfolane, which is a conventional solvent for the extraction of aromatic hydrocarbons from a mixed aromatic/aliphatic hydrocarbon stream. The three most suitable ionic liquids from the ionic liquids tested for the separation of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons are [mebupy]BF4, [mebupy]CH3SO4, and [bmim]BF4 and at 75°C also [emim] tosylate. The ionic liquid [mebupy]BF4 is selected for further testing in our extraction pilot plant.
Because ionic liquids have a negligible vapor pressure, evaporating the extracted hydrocarbons from the ionic liquid phase could achieve the recovery of the ionic liquid. A conceptual process scheme for the extraction has been set up. Preliminary calculations show that both the investment costs and the energy costs will be considerably lower with ionic liquids than with sulfolane as the solvent. 相似文献
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G. Wytze Meindersma Anita Podt Marianne B. Klaren André B. de Haan 《Chemical Engineering Communications》2013,200(11):1384-1396
Naphtha cracker feeds may contain 10–25 wt% aromatic compounds. Removal of these aromatic compounds from the feed to the cracker would offer several advantages: higher capacity, higher thermal efficiency, and less coke formation. In this work, we investigated the separation of toluene from heptane by extraction with ionic liquids. Several ionic liquids are suitable for extraction of toluene from toluene/heptane mixtures. The selectivities for the aromatic/aliphatic hydrocarbon separation with all ionic liquids tested increase with decreasing aromatic content in the feed. The toluene/heptane selectivities at 10% toluene in the feed at T = 40°C and 75°C with several ionic liquids ([emim]HSO4, [mmim] methylsulfate, [emim] ethylsulfate, [bmim]BF4, [emim] tosylate, [mebupy]BF4, and [mebupy] methylsulfate) are a factor of 1.5–2.5 higher than those obtained with sulfolane, which is a conventional solvent for the extraction of aromatic hydrocarbons from a mixed aromatic/aliphatic hydrocarbon stream. The three most suitable ionic liquids from the ionic liquids tested for the separation of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons are [mebupy]BF4, [mebupy]CH3SO4, and [bmim]BF4 and at 75°C also [emim] tosylate. The ionic liquid [mebupy]BF4 is selected for further testing in our extraction pilot plant. Because ionic liquids have a negligible vapor pressure, evaporating the extracted hydrocarbons from the ionic liquid phase could achieve the recovery of the ionic liquid. A conceptual process scheme for the extraction has been set up. Preliminary calculations show that both the investment costs and the energy costs will be considerably lower with ionic liquids than with sulfolane as the solvent. 相似文献
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芳烃与烯烃的反应在有机合成中应用广泛。随着环保要求的提高,用于芳烃烷基化反应的传统催化剂逐渐被新型绿色催化剂所替代。近年来研究发现离子液体和分子筛对该反应具有高效催化作用且环境友好。本文探讨了离子液体和分子筛的酸性,总结了相应的的催化机理,对有关实验和理论研究工作进行了分析。同时揭示了离子液体和分子筛的结构对其催化性能的影响,为烷基化反应进一步研究奠定了基础。分析表明离子液体既能作为B酸,也能作为L酸起催化作用;分子筛主要作为B酸起催化作用,同时其催化性能与孔道结构、孔径大小及反应物尺寸密切相关。离子液体的稳定性较差、成本较高,而分子筛失活较快,未来需围绕提高离子液体稳定性、改进其制备方法以降低成本及改善分子筛结构以延长使用周期等方面展开研究。 相似文献
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离子液体作为一种新型绿色介质,受到研究学者的广泛关注。离子液体具有不易燃、无味、无污染、无蒸汽压、可循环使用等独特性质,被广泛应用于化学化工过程中。离子液体用于膜分离技术具有不易挥发、稳定性好的特点,近来对离子液体在支撑液膜方面的研究备受关注,离子液体支撑液膜在污染性气体的吸收分离方面具有高选择性、高渗透性等优势,在有机物的分离方面具有分离效果明显、耐用性强等优势,在化学反应方面具有催化效率高、可循环使用等优势,本文介绍了离子液体支撑液膜的常用制备方法和膜基材料的选择,探讨了离子液体支撑液膜的稳定性和分离选择性的影响因素,对离子液体支撑液膜在气体分离、有机物的分离、化学反应等方面的应用研究进行了综述。 相似文献
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随着离子液体基础研究的稳步发展,离子液体在化工领域中的应用近年来得到了广泛关注。离子液体以其高效,清洁生产等诸多优点正在取代传统溶剂。文章对离子液体体系近年来在苹取分离领域的应用进行了分析综述。 相似文献